• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

This study was performed to test the combustive properties of Pinus rigida-based materials by the treatment of ammonium salts. Pinus rigida plate was soaked in three 20 wt% ammonium salt solutions such as ammonium sulfate (AMSF), monoammonium phosphate (MAPP), and diammonium phosphate (DAPP), respectively, at the room temperature. After drying specimen treated with chemicals, combustive properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). Comparing with virgin pinus rigida plate, specimens treated with the ammonium salts had lower combustive properties and It is supposed that the combustion-retardation properties improved due to the treated ammonium salts in the virgin Pinus rigida. Also, the specimens with treated ammonium salts showed both the lower peak heat release rate (PHRR) and lower total heat release (THR) than those of virgin plate.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.251-254
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• 2007

Veneer plate was painted by the treatment with ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride (AMCR), ammonium sulfate (AMSF), monoammonium phosphate (MAPP), and diammonium phosphate (DAPP) at room temperature. The flame retardancy of painted veneer plate was investigated. The painted veneer plate shows an increased $CO/CO_2$ over virgin veneer and it was supposed to affect the toxicity to different extents. But when the ammonium salts were used as the retardant for veneer, the flame retardancy was improved due to the painted ammonium salts in the veneers. Also, the veneer plates with ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride showed both the lower total smoke release (TSR) and lower total smoke production (TSP) than that of virgin veneer.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.194-198
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• 2007

Veneer plate was painted by the treatment with ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride (AMCR), ammonium sulfate (AMSF), monoammonium phosphate (MAPP), and diammonium phosphate (DAPP) at room temperature. The physical property and flammability of painted veneer plate were investigated. In order to evaluate flammability of the treated veneer with ammonium salts, heat release rate (HRR) of the veneer was measured by a cone calorimeter according to ISO 5660-1 standard. The flammability painted veneener plate with ammonium salts was reduced compared to virgin veneer plate. The flashover possibility of veneer plates treated with these ammonium salts was examined by R. V. Petrella's classification using time to ignition and peak heat release rate. The specific gravities of veneer plates treated with only ammonium sulfate were higher than that of virgin veneer plate. Also, the veneer plates treated with ammonium salts showed lower equilibrium moisture contents over virgin veneer.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.231-239
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• 1997

We developed a procedure that can effectively separate and determine tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts in some samples with reverse phase ion-pair high performance chromatography, employing indirect spectrophotometric detection method. Detection and ion-pairing reagents used in this study were benzyl trimethylammonium chloride (BTMACl) and sodium dodecyl sulfate(DDSANa), respectively. Eluting the electrolyte solutions of some commercial electrolytic capacitors with a MeOH(40):water(60) eluent (pH 8.5 adjusted with NH4Cl-NH3 buffer) containing 0.010M DDSANa and 0.004 M BTMACl through Supelco LC-18 or ${\mu}$-Bondapak phenyl column, amines and ammonium salts contained in the sample were successfully separated and determined. Varying the composition, especially the content of quaternary ammonium salts, of electrolyte solutions based on this analysis. we could prepare the low impedance(0.08~0.13) electrolytic capacitors with excellent electrical properties and it was a confirmation that the analysis is favorable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2018

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.627-631
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• 2010

This study was performed to test the combustion-retardation properties of Pinus rigida-based materials by the treatment of ammonium salts. Pinus rigida plate was soaked by the treatment with three 20 wt% ammonium salt solutions consisting ammonium sulfate (AMSF), monoammonium phosphate (MAPP), and diammonium phosphate (DAPP), respectively, at the room temperature. After the drying specimen treated with chemicals, combustion properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). When the ammonium salts were used as the retardant for Pinus rigida, the flame retardancy improved due to the treated ammonium salts in the virgin Pinus rigida. However the specimen shows increasing CO over virgin Pinus rigida and It is supposed that toxicities depend on extents. Also, the specimen with ammonium sulfate showed both the lower total smoke release (TSR) and lower total smoke production (TSP) than those of virgin plate. Among the specimens, the sample treated with diammonium phosphate showed a strong inhibitory effect of combustion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.403-407
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• 2010

건축 구조재료로 사용되는 소나무의 화재조건을 알아보기 위하여 콘칼로리미터(ISO 5660-1)를 이용하여 연소성질을 분석하였다. 자연 건조된 소나무에 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $NH_4H_2PO_4$, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$ 등의 암모늄염을 이용하여 난연성을 부가하였다. 소나무의 함수율은 10.2%였으며 초기 열방출 곡선은 $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$인 경우 완만하게 증가하였으며 가장 좋은 난연성을 보였다. $HRR_{peak}$ 값은 무처리된 경우 $217\;kW/m^2$, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $NH_4H_2PO_4$, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$인 경우에는 각각 $190\;kW/m^2$, $188\;kW/m^2$, $166\;kW/m^2$로 나타났다. 즉 $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$로 처리된 경우 23.5%의 감소현상이 관찰되었다. $HRR_{peak}$ 도달 시간은 무처리된 시험편(290s) 및 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $NH_4H_2PO_4$, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$으로 처리된 시험편은 각각 298s, 263s, 313s로 나타났다. 연기 발생속도는 사용한 암모늄염 중 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$로 처리된 시험편이 가장 작게 관찰되어 저발연성 감연제 역할을 하는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.112-116
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.335-336
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• 2000

도시 대기는 복잡한 성분을 가진 입자상 물질로 이루어져 있는데, 검댕 입자나 비산재(fly ash)등과 같이 일차오염물질과 복잡한 대기 화학반응에 의해 생성되는 이차오염물질이 혼재하고 있기 때문이다. 도시 대기 중의 입자상 물질은 대부분 황산염, 질산염, 암모늄염 입자상 물질과 유기 입자들로 구성되어 있는데, 탄소 입자는 도시의 미세 입자 중 거의 반 정도를 차지한다. (Ro et. el., 2000) 본 연구에서는 서울 대기에서의 입자상 물질에 대한 분석을 EPMA(Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis)를 이용한 단일 입자 분석법(Single Particle Analysis)을 가지고 행하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.32-32
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• 1998