• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.497-503
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the horticultural media + decomposed granite + reused rock wool in the following mixing ratio: Control = 100:0, M1 = 80:0:20, M2 = 60:30:10, M3 = 40:30:30, M4 = 30:40:30, M5 = 0:50:50 (reused rockwool : decomposed granite : horticultural media) and develop the physicochemical properties and the growth of 'Sulhyang' strawberry runner plant. In the physical aspect of the horticultural media, statistical differences were recognized that the bulk density and particle density were lower in the control and M1. But the bulk density and particle density were high in the M3, M4, and M5, because it had high mixing ratio between recycled rock wool and decomposed granite. EAW and WBC showed a similar tendency. The air porosity and total porosity were higher in control and M1 than M3, M4, M5. Exchangeable cation (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺) and base replacement capacity (CEC) were higher in control and M1, than M2, M3, M4, and M5. As a result of the cultivation of 'Sulhyang' runner plant, the plant length was long in M2, 32.1 cm and smaller than M5 to 28.4 cm. However, if the crown diameter, which is the growth indicator of the runner plant, all 6 treatments were formed 11.23 mm-12.03 mm, which is considered to be suitable for the growth of the runner plant. There wasn't a statistical difference between the weight and dry weight of the root. As a result, the growth difference of the seedlings by the horticulture media was similar. Therefore, considering the physical properties of the horticultural media, it was judged that the air porosity and total porosity would be improved when the recycled rock wool and the decomposed granite were properly mixed rather than the use of the horticultural media as a single medium, which would be advantageous for irrigation management.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.168-175
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• 1997

In greenhouse, data on evapotranspiration or water consumption is important for the rational water management, irrigation planning, thermal environment analysis, and watering automation. But little investigations have been attempted to make clear the characteristics of water consumption in greenhouse. In this paper, evapotransplrations of lettuce and cucumber by cropping systems were investigated. And the correlations among evapotranspiration, pan evaporation, solar radiation, mean air temperature, and minimum relative humidity were analyzed. Experimental cropping systems of lettuce were soil culture and NFT system. Those of cucumber were soil culture, perlite culture, and rockwool culture. Total water consumption of lettuce was 2.62$\ell$/plant in soil culture and 1.71$\ell$/plant in NFT system. That of cucumber was 45.22$\ell$/plant in soil culture, 27.45$\ell$/plant in rockwool culture and 29.06$\ell$/plant in perlite culture. Therefore total water consumption of soil culture showed higher than soilless culture.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.228-232
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• 2007

We have also clarified the effects of the different substrates; (perlite, peatmoss and granular rock-wool) on the plant growth and the mineral contents of Campanula takesimana until 70 days after transplanting. Overall plant growth in terms of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root were increased in the order of that mixed perlite and peat moss (50 : 50, v/v)>peat moss (100%)>perlite (100%)>granular rock wool (100%). Mineral contents in plants were much more in the order of potassium $(15.38-43.91cmol^+/kg)$, calcium $(5.48-7.78cmol^+/kg)$, magnesium $(4.38-6.55cmol^+/kg)$ and sodium $(1.25-1.69cmol^+/kg)$. The higher mineral contents of plants were also most made in the mixed substrates of perlite and peat moss (50 : 50, v/v).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2015

To improve crop productivity with optimal water management in soilless culture, the information of physical characteristics of the root medium including water behavior should be required. The objectives of this study were to analyze the physical characteristics including hydraulic properties of the root media commercially used and to analyze the relationships between actual moisture content and measured one by FDR sensor. The weight of the medium was measured by load cell for calculating the actual moisture content. The accuracy of the moisture content measured by FDR sensor was obtained by comparing with the actual one. The water holding capacity of the coir was lower than those of the rockwool due to the features of large and rough particles of the coir. The moisture content measured by FDR sensor showed large difference from the actual moisture contents measured by loadcell, indicating that the calibration of FDR sensor is needed before starting measurement. The optimum range of moisture content for irrigation control was narrow in the coir than the rockwool due to the lower water holding capacity and rehydration capability of the coir. The results of this study can be useful in establishing adequate irrigation strategies in the soilless culture.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of plant growth and production of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill cv. Tefunis) according to the water content of non-recycled rockwool culture in high-rise tomato greenhouse. Daily irrigation amount was 3.8 times higher in the irrigation control by Integrated Solar Radiation (ISR) than in the Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) sensor. Water content of ISR and FDR was 90-95 and 60-65%, respectively. Plant height and weight of tomato fruit was 1.2-1.9 times longer and 1.2-2.0 times heavier in the ISR than in the FDR sensor, respectively. No significantly differed to sugar content of tomato by treatments. Marketable fruits were the higher 1.3 times in the ISR compared with the FDR sensor. Cracking percentage in the ISR was also the higher 2.0 times compared with FDR sensor. Therefore, Irrigation control by ISR was appropriate to improve of plant growth and production of tomato with non-recycled rockwool culture in greenhouse during long-term cultivation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.523-528
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• 2000

Plug seedlings of Petunia hybrida 'Madness Rose' and Viola tricolor 'Magestic GT' were cultured in media containing various volume ratios of recycled plug medium, recycled coir, perlite, granular rockwool, and vermiculite for 36 and 43 days after sowing, respectively. Recycled plug medium and recycled coir were steam pasteurized for 30 minutes at $120^{\circ}C$ and 1.5 atmosphere. An unused commercial plug medium (Tosilee, pH 5.10, EC $0.12mS{\cdot}cm^{-1}$ at 1:5 dilution, v/v, Shinan Grow Co.) was used as the control. The pH of different media before and after growing seedlings was similar. Medium EC was high when recycled plug medium was included. Recycled coir (75%)＋vermiculite (25%) mixture also had high medium EC. However, medium EC was low when granular rockwool or perlite was included. Height, root formation, shoot dry weight and leaf count (ea) of petunia, and height, total fresh and dry weights, and shoot fresh and root dry weights of pansy were the highest in recycled coir (75%)＋perlite (25%) mixture. Recycled coir was better than recycled plug medium in physicochemical properties, and also in resultant plant growth. It is recommended to include perlite or granular rockwool when plug media including recycled horticultural media are prepared.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 2020

This study was conducted to determine the optimum medium and humidification period for the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Maehyang) cutting seedling production. The cuttings were planted in coir (CO), rockwool (RW), phenolic foam (PF), and organic foam medium (OFM) with fogging treatment in 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 days on February, 2019. And, as the field verification examination research, cuttings were planted in CO, RW, PF, and OFM, with misting treatment in 0, 6, 9, 12, or 15 days on June, 2019. In fogging treatments, rooting and survival rates of seedlings tended to increase with longer fogging periods, and rooting and survival rates were showed significantly higher in CO medium with more than 9 days of fogging periods. In misting treatments, rooting rate was significantly higher in CO and RW medium with more than 9 days of misting periods, and survival rate was significantly higher with more than 12 days of misting periods. There was no significantly difference by growth medium and humidification period in shoot and root growth. Therefore, when considering the rooting and survival rate the CO medium with 9 days of humidification period could be beneficial for the production of the 'Maehyang' strawberry cutting seedlings.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.414-423
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• 2016

Growers in plug seedling production think that root media in which rockwool is a component has given rise to several environmental problems. Therefore, the demand for new materials as a substitute for rockwool has been increased. This study examined the possibility of cultivation of tomato plug seedlings using a newly developed growing medium with phenolic foam. Plug seeds of tomato cultivar 'Madison' were sown in four pellet-type growing media: Grodan rockwool (GRW), UR rockwool (URW), phenolic foam LC (LC) or phenolic foam LC-lite (LC-lite). Then, the seedlings were transplanted to the four cube-type growing media 19 days after sowing. Seeds were germinated in a growth chamber ($25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 80% relative humidity, and dark) for 4 days and then the seedlings were grown with a nutrient solution supplied by an overhead irrigation system in a greenhouse. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and fresh or dry weight of tomato seedlings were the greatest for the seedlings transplanted to URW cube media after being grown on LC-lite pellets. Root grade was the greatest for the seedlings transplanted on LC or LC-lite cube media after being grown on LC pellets. Chemical properties of all media tested for tomato growth were maintained within a stable range, while physical properties of URW showed high values in container capacity, air space, and total porosity. These results demonstrated that the phenolic foam media were effective for seedling growth and can substitute for rockwool as a root medium.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.583-596
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• 2022

The rock surface of Bangudae petroglyphs is mainly dark brown hornfelsified shales by contact metamorphism. The surface form a weathered layer of a invariable depth, and there is a difference with mineral and chemical composition between weathered and non-weathered layers. Surface of the petroglyphs has been discolored to light brown over the face due to biological and chemical weathering. As the measuring chromaticity based on the non-weathered layer, the whiteness and yellowness increased in the weathered layer, and the color difference (ΔE) was 5.54 to 36.89 (mean 17.26). In the weathered layer of the petroglyph surface, the CaO content was reduced by about 90% compared to the non-weathered layer, and Sr also showed the same trend. In particular, the mean porosity of the non-weathered layer was 0.4%, but it was estimated as 25.0% in the weathered layer. This is interpreted as the fact that calcite reacts with water, and forms a weathered layer from the surface as it is eluted. Based on the weathering depth modeling of the petroglyphs using the penetration characteristics of X-rays, the weathering depth of rock faces was found to be 1 to 2mm. However, the area classified as 2mm or more estimated to be a maximum of 3 to 4mm, considering the weathering depth around the petroglyphs surface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.24-27
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• 1998

최근 급속히 신장하는 양액재배로부터 파생되는 배양액의 배출과 고형배지의 폐기에 의한 환경 오염을 최대한 억제하면서 지속적으로 안전한 생산물을 공급하는 것은 매우 중요한 작업이다. 현재 구미각국에서도 가장 널리 이용되고 있는 암면 배지에 의한 환경오염이 문제시됨에 따라 이를 대체할 수 있는 배지의 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. (중략)