• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.422-427
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• 2008

The effect of plum wine on lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation in rats with chronic ethanol consumption was evaluated. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following 4 groups; water (NC), alcohol control (AC), low concentration plum wine (LP) and plum wine (P). The alcohol content of experimental drinking water of AC, LP and P were 6%, 6% and 12%, respectively. Animals were fed AIN-76 diet and experimental drinking water for 4 weeks. LP group showed significantly decreased liver weight per 100 g body weight, the levels of total cholesterol and atherogenic index in plasma whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol was significantly increased in comparison to that of AC group. LP and P groups showed significantly decreased total lipid, total cholesterol in liver tissue, AST and ALT activities of plasma as compared with that of AC group. LP and P groups showed a significant decrease in the level of plasma lipid peroxidation products and LP group showed a significant decrease in the level of liver lipid peroxidation products as compared with that of AC group. These results suggest that supplementation of low concentration plum wine may exert more beneficial effects than pure alcohol beverage on lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation products in chronically alcohol-treated animals by improving lipid profiles in plasma and liver tissues and decreasing plasma and hepatic lipid peroxidation product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.1 s.24
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• pp.39-45
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• 2006

Based on the previous studies on alcohol effects on human behaviour and performance in transportation system such as air-plane and car driving, the alcohol exposure before and on watch of a ship has a great influence on subsequent behaviour. In this paper, to examine the drinking status of officers on board multiple choice questionnaires are circularized under instruction and surveyed for 118 officers. According to the results of the questionnaire survey on alcohol dependency (Alcoholism) that was invented by WHO, over 27 % of those surveyed represented alcohol abuse symptoms. In addition to that, the existing state and awareness for on-board-drinking was summarized to make a scenario of drink-operation with a ship handling simulator to investigate the effect of alcohol (0.08 g% blood alcohol concentrations) on ship operational performance. A main effect for alcohol was found indicating that ship operational performance was comparatively impaired by this alcohol relative to performance in the non-alcohol condition The results of this research can be applied to minimize marine accidents as basic data.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2012

Recently, concerns about the volatile hazardous compounds including acetaldehyde, methanol, and fusel oils in alcoholic beverages, which cause hangover such as headache and dizziness after consumption, have been raised. The volatile hazardous compounds might also lead to an increased incidence of liver diseases and even cancers with a high consumption of alcoholic beverages. Acetaldehyde is a volatile compound naturally found in alcoholic beverages and used as flavor in many foods. However this is also regarded as possibly being carcinogenic to humans. Furthermore, acetaldehyde with alcoholic consumption is recently classified as Group 1, carcinogenic to humans. On the other hand, methanol is generated from demethoxylation of pectin by pectinolytic enzyme during alcoholic fermentation. Higher alcohols occur naturally in alcoholic beverages as by-products of alcoholic fermentation and are generally regarded as important flavor compounds. In the current study, we reviewed on the health concern, maximum levels, analytical methods, and current levels of hazardous volatile compounds in alcoholic beverages.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2000

In modern society, the amount of alcohol ingestion is increasing at a dangerous level, especially among women. One of reason for increased alcohol consumption is stress caused by social pressures. Alcohol is a kind of depressant of centric nervous system, so it can induce relaxation of body and decrease the stress. The evidence on the effects of alcohol on the fetus is somewhat hazy, whereas that of smoking is quite clear. The literature on the ingestion of alcohol strongly suggests that drinking during pregnancy is associated with teratogenic effect and low birth weight. Therefore, the adverse effect of alcohol ingestion during pregnancy must be informed to public. More remarkable warning sign about alcohol ingestion must be attached on the top of bottles. This can be an effective measure for public education. Also legal sanction or tax imposition for the production of liquor be required. First of all, drinking habit or drinking culture must be changed. In fact, the strongest motivation of drinking in adolescent is a peer pressure which is related to drinking habit or culture. Secondly, early detection and treatment must be required to prevent from fetal alcohol syndrome. Accordingly, drinking history of pregnant women must be assessed as early as possible and health professional should give a warning about the abstinence of alcohol to drinking women. Thirdly, to minimize the adverse effects for mother, withdrawal syndrome by alcohol ingestion must be treated. to correct the malformation by fetal alcohol syndrome(FAS) can be corrected. Sometimes surgical intervention may be required for this purpose.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1362-1366
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• 2005

To evaluate red ginseng-chungkukjang extracts (RC) on levels of blood sugar and serum lipids in diabetes rats fed with ethanol, SD rats were supplemented 2 mL of $20\%$ ethanol solution with or without RC by gastric intubation for 2 weeks after streptozotocin (STZ) injection and then body weight gains, food efficiency ratio (FER), water intake, urine volume, organ weight, levels of blood sugar and serum lipids were determined. Water intake and urine volume were not restored in STZ-treated rats by RC supplementation. On the other hand, decreased body weight gam and FER were restored in diabetes rats by RC supplementation. Furthermore, levels of blood sugar, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased by RC supplementation. The rate of mortality in diabetes rats was significantly inhibited by RC supplementation. These results suggest that inhibited rate of mortality in diabetes rats by supplementation of ethanol with RC was considered to be due to improvement of blood sugar and serum lipids levels by components of RC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2002

The effects of Pueraria flos (PF) and Pueraria radix (PR) water extract on the hepatic alcohol metabolic enzyme activities were examined in rats that were orally administered ethanol (25% v/v, 5g/kg body weight/day) for 5 weeks. The PF and PR water extract were supplemented in a diet, based on 1.2 g or 2.4 g of raw PF or PR/kg body weight/body. Alcohol administration without the PF or PR supplementation significantly decreased net weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio. However. both dose of the PF of PR supplementation resulted in significant enhancement of growth and suppression of increased relative weight of liver, brain and heart by alcohol administration. Activities of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol oxidizing system were higher in the alcohol treated group than in the normal group, while aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was significantly lowered in the alcohol treated group. The hepatic metabolic enzyme activities altered by alcohol administration were normalized by both doses of PF or PR supplement. Hepatic monoamine oxidase activity and hydrogen peroxide, which were significantly higher in the alcohol treated group than in the normal group, were also decreased by the supplementation with either PF or PR. These results indicate that low-or high-supplementation of either water extract PF or PR may alleviate ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by altering alcohol metabolic enzyme activities.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.505-511
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) increase with drinking alcohol on contrast sensitivity in the conditions of restricted BrAC. Methods: 23 males in 20s (average age $21.17{\pm}2.19$ years, body mass index (BMI) $22.09{\pm}2.16$) were selected and administered the amount of alcohol to reach 0.05% and 0.08% BrAC calculated by BAC (blood alcohol concentration) Dosing Software program, which was developed as basis of Watson's formula. Then, the contrast sensitivity in various luminance conditions (photopic, mesopic, and mesopic with glare) was measured and compared between these conditions. Results: The contrast sensitivity in all spatial frequency was decreased with BrAC increase. Although BrAC was increased, the peak of contrast sensitivity didn't change as 6 cycle per degree (cpd) in the photopic condition and 3 cpd in the mesopic condition, respectively. But, in the mesopic condition with glare, the peak of contrast sensitivity was shifted from 6 cpd at 0% and 0.05% BrAC to 3 cpd at 0.08% BrAC with increase of alcohol concentration. Conclusions: The increase of BrAC by drinking alcohol induces the decrease of contrast sensitivity in all spatial frequency and the shift of peak of contrast sensitivity, which can cause safety accidents, and may have an effect on various visual tasks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.565-575
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the amount of alcohol and drinking frequency among high school students based on social alcohol drinking supply. The data was on 161 drinkers aged between 16 and 19 from 21 high schools across the country using a questionnaire of the International Alcohol Control(IAC) Study, which was developed in 2012. Results show that the higher the number of social suppliers offering alcoholic beverages to high school students, the greater the consumption of alcohol per episode(59.433 g for one person, 113.40 g for two, and 133.56 g for three or more people). On the other hand, alcohol consumption among 'Honsul' people, a group that drinks alone without a social drinking supplier, was 167.84 grams, higher than that of groups that receive social drinking services. As a social drinking supplier for teenagers, drinking was the highest by their father (29.3 %), while friends (25.0 %) and mothers (20.7 %) were the main drinking suppliers. In particular, the provision of drinking due to father(𝛽=-.32, t=3.55, p<.01) and mother(𝛽=.22, t=2.71, p<.01) showed statistical significance as a factor in increasing the frequency of providing social drinking in adolescents. On the other hand, partner/boy or girl friend (𝛽=-.23, t=-2.73, p<.01) was a factor in reducing the frequency of alcohol provision. Friends(𝛽=.24, t=3.02, p<.01) and senior-junior schoolmates(𝛽=.16, t=2.04, p<.05) were the factors that increase the total alcohol intake of adolescents. This is due to the increase in the frequency of alcohol provision. This suggests that alcohol harm education should be expanded from students to parents, considering the role of parents as a social drinking supplier and the link between high alcohol intake among teenagers due to senior-junior friends and schoolmates.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1342-1347
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• 2008

The purpose of present study was to investigate the protective effect of silkworm excrement powder (SEP) on alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Semisynthetic diet supplemented with SEP (3%, w/w) given to alcohol-feeding rats for 30 days, then blood and tissues were collected, processed and used for alcohol concentration mensuration, various biochemical estimations and histopathological examination. Chronic alcohol administration resulted in significantly increase in the activities of the clinically important liver marker enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase ($\gamma$-GTP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Also, a highly significant increase in the blood alcohol level by alcohol treatment was observed. But alcohol-induced elevation of ALT and LDH levels markedly prevented and the level of blood alcohol decreased in SEP treated rats as compared to alcohol-administered control rats. SEP supplementation showed highly decreased the concentrations of total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol in serum, as compared with alcohol treated control rats. Alcohol treatment induced the marked accumulation of large lipid droplets, hepatocytes necrosis and inflammation in the liver, but SEP administration attenuated to alcohol-induced accumulation of lipid droplets and hepatocyte necrosis. The results indicated that SEP may exert a protective effect against alcoholic hepatotoxicity through decreasing the activity of hepatic marker enzymes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2012

Cherry silverberry (Elaeagnus multiflora) contains bioactive phenolics. This study was conducted to determine whether feeding cherry silverberry wine (CSW) to rats would alleviate the progress of alcoholic fatty liver. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided by weight into the following three groups. Two groups of rats were fed 6.7% ethanol or the caloric equivalent Lieber-DeCarli diet containing maltose-dextrin, and the other group an isocaloric Lieber-DeCarli diet containing CSW at the same ethanol level for 6 weeks. CSW's flavonoids, its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, serum transaminases, serum and hepatic lipids, and liver histology were examined. Our results showed that CSW exerted significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. The serum activities of alanine and aspartate transminases were markedly decreased by CSW at 6 weeks. Also, CSW feeding resulted in significant reductions in blood cholesterol and triglyceride. The development of alcoholic fatty liver was significantly delayed by lowering fat accumulation. Taken together, these results indicate that CSW may help protect the liver against alcoholic fatty liver by improving serum and hepatic lipid status. This may be associated with the protective effect of CSW on alcoholic fatty liver via bioactive phenolic compounds.