• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.108-131
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• 2008

The Miocene andesite and basalt intruded into and/or extruded on the Cretaceous volcanic and granitic rocks over the area of Chenjabong and Sirubong in the vicinity of Jinhae, southern part of Kyongsang basin. The K-Ar ages of the younger volcanic rocks are from 16 Ma (Sirubong andesite) to 10 Ma (Cheonjabong basalt), which indicate the Miocene volcanism in the outer part of the Tertiary basin in the Korean peninsula. The volcanics are divided into Chenjabong andesite, Cheonjabong basaltic andesite, Sirubong andesite and Cheonjabong basalt. The Cheonjabong andesite is composed of phenocrysts of clinopyroxene and plagioclase ($An_{60{\sim}64}$) and groundmass with lath-like plagioclase ($An_{76{\sim}84}$) and glass. The Cheonjabong basaltic andesite is composed of plagioclase phenocryst ($An_{60{\sim}64}$) with plagioclase lath ($An_{65}$) and glass in groundmass. The Sirubong andesite is only consisted of plagiocalse lath ($An_{64{\sim}68}$) and glass with absence of phonocryst. The Cheonjabong basalt shows typical porphyritic texture with phenocrysts of olivine ($Fo_{69-84}$) and clinopyroxene. The groundmass of the Cheonjabong basalt is composed of microphenocrysts of olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase ($An_{66{\sim}71}$) and plagioclase laths ($An_{57{\sim}65}$) showing pillotaxitic and intergranular texture. The Cheonjabong andesite, Cheonjabong basaltic andesite, Sirubong andesite are belong to calc-alkialine but the Cheonjabong basalt is alkaline basalt. By tectonic discrimination diagrams the parental magmas of the volcanic rocks have occurred boundary.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.937-942
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• 2004

Physicochemical properties and mineral composition of seaweed salts prepared by incineration and osmotic dehydration methods were determined. As the incineration temperature increased, yield of seaweed salts, insoluble solids, pH, alkalinity, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) decreased. Alkalinity of salt prepared with sea tangle was higher than that of sea mustard. ORP decreased by incineration above $700^{\circ}C$, and was lower in salt with sea tangle. As incineration temperature increased, amounts of K and Ca in seaweed salt increased, whereas that of Mg decreased. Potassium and Ca contents of seaweed salt increased remarkably compared with those of common salt. Potassium content of sea tangle salt was higher than that of sea mustard. As incineration time increased, yield of seaweed salts, insoluble solid content, and pH decreased, whereas ORP of the salt increased. Potassium content of seaweed salt with incineration time, while Ca and Na contents decreased after incineration of 8 and 4 hr, respectively. Yield of seaweed salt by osmotic dehydration increased as immersion time in sea water increased. pH of salt from sea mustard was higher than that of sea tangle. ORP of seaweed salt dried three times was -128.8 mV, significantly lower than that of salt prepared by incineration method. As sea water immersion time increased, Mg content of seaweed salt increased significantly, while Ca content decreased. Potassium content of seaweed salt was higher in sea tangle salt. In case of salt prepared by incineration of residuals, pH increased with immersion time but ORP decreased.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.246-253
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• 2007

This study was performed to enhance the cleanup efficiency of methoxyfenozide and bentazone by pH adjustment in the course of liquid-liquid partition and to develop an optimum analytical conditions using HPLC coupled with DAD for two matrices, brown rice and rice straw. Preparation procedure of brown rice sample was "extraction${\rightarrow}$coagulation${\rightarrow}$liquid-liquid partition$\rightarrow$-florisil C.C", and this procedure was samely applied to two compounds. In rice straw, preparation procedure of methoxyfenozide sample was "extraction$\rightarrow$-alkalization$\rightarrow$liquid-liquid extraction$\rightarrow$coagulation$\rightarrow$florisil C.C", and in the case of bentazone, "extraction$\rightarrow$alkalization$\rightarrow$liquid-liquid partition$\rightarrow$acidification$\rightarrow$liquid-liquid extraction$\rightarrow$florisil C.C". All these purified samples were redissolved in the mobile phases, acetonitile : 20 mM sodium acetate (75:25, v/v) for methoxyfenozide and acetonitrile : 75 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0 (40:60, v/v) for bentazone. Recoveries of methoxyfenozide analysis in brown rice and rice straw were 83.5-97.4 and 86.4-97.3%, and detection limits were 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg, respectively. Recoveries of bentazone in brown rice and rice straw were 86.8-101.9 and 88.3-94.5% and detection limits were 0.005 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. This methods seem to be usefully applied to the residue analysis of two compounds in the view of producing stable analytical condition and fair reproducibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.619-625
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• 2005

This study has been carried out to examine the characteristics of anti-H. pylori antibodies of milk produced from cows immunized with antigen of Helicobacter pylori such as peculiarity of antigen antibody, agglutination of H. pylori strain, stability of antibody against acid, alkali and heat treatments. The molecular weight of anti-H. pylori antibody measured by SDS-PAGE were turned out as about 50 kDa in the heavy chain and about 24 kDa in the light chain. Twenty protein bands were visualized in H. pylori interacting with anti-H. pylori antibody which was made in dairy cow by immunization with H. pylori. The western blotting was peformed in order to examine the antigen peculiarity of anti-H. pylori, The results were all 7 antigen substances including serum, furified serum, whey and furified whey could be confirmed and the major antigen substances were 97, 66,34 kDa of molecular weight. As a result of agglutination response anti-H. pylori antibody in whey showed 1/10 agglutination value against H. pylori. In stability test about acid and alkali of antibody, there was $100\%$ activated at the range of $pH5\~pH10$. In stability test about heat, the antibody showed stable condition at $60^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes and comparatively stable condition at $70^{\circ}C$, but reduced activation to $40\%$ after 60 minutes. It maintained $77\%$ activation at $80^{\circ}C$ for 4 minutes and comparatively stable at $100^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 1994

To catch the relative importance of varietal and environmental variation in various grain quality components associated with palatability of cooked rice, grain appearance, milling recovery, several physicochemical properties of milled rice and texture or eating quality of cooked rice for rice materials of five japonica cultivars, produced at four locations of the mid-mountainous and alpine area of Korea in 1989, were evaluated and analyzed the obtained data. Highly significant varietal and locational variations were detected in 1000-grain weight, amylose content, K/Mg ratio, gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown and setback viscosities as compared with variety x location interaction variation. Also, marked locational variations were recongnized in milling recovery from rough to brwon rice, alkali digestibility and protein content, and significant varietal variation was caught in stickiness /hardness ratio of cooked rice. The variety x location interaction variation was especially large in quality components of grain appearance and ripening, palatability of cooked rice and consistency viscosity. One thousand kernel weight was heaviest in Jinbuolbyeo and Odaebyeo, and the unfilled grain ratio was lowest in Jinbuolbyeo. Odaebyeo showed slightly' lower ratio of intact and clear milled rice because of more chalky rice kernels compared with other cultivars. Amylose content of Jinbuolbyeo and Sobaegbyeo was about 1% lower than that of others and K/Mg ratio of Odaebyeo was the lowest one among rice materials. Odaebyeo, Sobaegbyeo and Jinbuolbyeo revealed significantly low gelatinization temperature and setback viscosity while high peak and breakdown viscosities. Cholwon rice showed the greatest kernel weight, good grain filling but lowest ratio of intact and clear milled rice while Jinbu rices exhibited the highest milling recovery from rough to brown rice and ratio of sound milled rice. Amylose content of milled rice in Jinbu rices was about 2-3% lower than those in other locations. Protein content of polished rice was about 1% lower in rice materials of middle zone than those of southern part of Korea. K/Mg ratio of milled rice was highest in Jinbu rice and potassium content was slightly higher in the rice materials of middle region than in those of southern region. Alkali digestion value and gelatinization temperature of polished rice was markedly high in Jinbu rices as compared with other locations. Breakdown viscosity was hightest in Chlown rices and next higher with the order of Hwaso>Unbong>Jinbu rices, and setback viscosity was the quite contrary tendency with breakdown. The stickiness /hardness ratio of cooked rice was relatively higher value in Cholwon rices than in the others and the palatability of cooked rice was a little better in Unbong and Cholwon rices than in Jinbu and Hwaso rices, although variety x location interaction variation was large. The rice materials can be classified largely into two groups of Jinbu and the others by the distribution on the plane of 1st and 2nd principal components (about 60% of total informations) contracted from twelve grain quality properties closely associated with eating quality of cooked rice. Also, Jinbu and the other rices were divided into two and three rice groups respectively. Varietal variation of overall rice quality was smallest in Hwaso. The most superior rice group in overall quality evaluation included Odaebyeo produced at Cholwon, Unbong and Hwaso, and Sobaegbyeo grown at Unbong

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 1994

To understand the relative contribution of varietal and environmental variation on various grain quality components in rice, grain appearance, milling recovery, several physicochemical properties of rice grain and texture or palatability of cooked rice for milled rice materials of seven cultivars(five japonica & two Tongil-type), produced at six locations of the middle and southern plain area of Korea in 1989, were evaluated and analyzed the obtained data. Highly significant varietal variations were detected in all grain quality components of the rice materials and marked locational variations with about 14-54% portion of total variation were recognized in grain appearance, milling recovery, alkali digestibility, protein content, K /Mg ratio, gelatinization temperature, breakdown and setback viscosities. Variations of variety x location interaction were especially large in overall palatability score of cooked rice and consistency or set- back viscosities of amylograph. Tongil-type cultivars showed poor marketing quality, lower milling recovery, slightly lower alkali digestibility and amylose content, a little higher protein content and K /Mg ratio, relatively higher peak, breakdown and consistency viscosities, significantly lower setback viscosity, and more undesirable palatability of cooked rice compared with japonica rices. The japonica rice varieties possessing good palatability of cooked rice were slightly low in protein content and a little high in K /Mg ratio and stickiness /hardness ratio of cooked rice. Rice 1000-kernel weight was significantly heavier in rice materials produced in Iri lowland compared with other locations. Milling recovery from rough to brown rice and ripening quality were lowest in Milyang late-planted rice while highest in Iri lowland and Gyehwa reclaimed-land rice. Amylose content of milled rice was about 1% lower in Gyehwa rice compared with other locations. Protein content of polished rice was about 1% lower in rice materials of middle plain area than those of southern plain regions. K/Mg ratio of milled rice was lowest in Iri rice while highest in Milyang rice. Alkali digestibility was highest in Milyang rice while lowest in Honam plain rice, but the temperature of gelatinization initiation of rice flour in amylograph was lowest in Suwon and Iri rices while highest in Milyang rice. Breakdown viscosity was lowest in Milyang rice and next lower in Ichon lowland rice while highest in Gyehwa and Iri rices, and setback viscosity was the contrary tendency. The stickiness/hardness ratio of cooked rice was slightly lower in southern-plain rices than in middle-plain ones, and the palatability of cooked rice was best in Namyang reclaimed-land rice and next better with the order of Suwon$\geq$Iri$\geq$Ichon$\geq$Gyehwa$\geq$Milyang rices. The rice materials can be classified genotypically into two ecotypes of japonica and Tongil-type rice groups, and environmentally into three regions of Milyang, middle and Honam lowland by the distribution on the plane of 1st and 2nd principal components contracted from eleven grain quality properties closely associated with palatability of cooked rice by principal component analysis.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2014

Waste cement generated from recycling processes of waste concrete is a potential raw material for mineral carbonation. For the $CO_2$ sequestration utilizing waste cement, this study was conducted to obtain basic information on the aqueous carbonation methods and the characteristics of carbonate mineral formation. Cement paste was made with W:C= 6:4 and stored for 28 days in water bath. Leaching tests using two additives (NaCl and $MgCl_2$) and two aqueous carbonation experiments (direct and indirect aqueous carbonation) were conducted. The maximum leaching of $Ca^{2+}$ ion was occurred at 1.0 M NaCl and 0.5 M $MgCl_2$ solution rather than higher tested concentration. The concentration of extracted $Ca^{2+}$ ion in $MgCl_2$ solution was more than 10 times greater than in NaCl solution. Portlandite ($Ca(OH)_2$) was completely changed to carbonate minerals in the fine cement paste (< 0.15 mm) within one hour and the carbonation of CSH (calcium silicate hydrate) was also progressed by direct aqueous carbonation method. The both additives, however, were not highly effective in direct aqueous carbonation method. 100% pure calcite minerals were formed by indirect carbonation method with NaCl and $MgCl_2$ additives. pH control using alkaline solution was important for the carbonation in the leaching solution produced from $MgCl_2$ additive and carbonation rate was slow due to the effect of $Mg^{2+}$ ions in solution. The type and crystallinity of calcium carbonate mineral were affected by aqueous carbonation method and additive type.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.11
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• pp.140-149
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• 1996

Cursive characters are written on an economical principle to reduce the motion of a pen in the limit of distinction between characters. That is, the pen is not lifted up to move for writing a next stroke, the pen is not moved at all, or connected two strokes chance their shapes to a similar and simple shape which is easy to be written. For these reasons, strokes and korean alphabets are not only easy to be changed, but also difficult to be splitted. In this paper, we propose a curvature stroke modeling method for splitting and matching by using a structural primitive. A curvature stroke is defined as a substroke which does not change its curvanture. Input strokes handwritten in a cursive style are splitted into a sequence of curvature strokes by segmenting the points which change the direction of rotation, which occur a sudden change of direction, and which occur an excessive rotation Each reference of korean alphabets is handwritten in a printed style and is saved as a sequence of curvature strikes which is generated by splitting process. And merging process is used to generate various sequences of curvature strikes for matching. Here, it is also considered that imaginary strokes can be written or omitted. By using a curvature stroke as a unit of recognition, redundant splitting points in input characters are effectively reduced and exact matching is possible by generating a reference curvature stroke, which consists of the parts of adjacent two korean alphasbets, even when the connecting points between korean alphabets are not splitted. The results showed 83.6% as recognition rate of the first candidate and 0.99sec./character (CPU clock:66MHz) as processing time.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.751-755
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• 2005

Carbon dioxide, included in the flue gas from the combustion of fossil fuel, was known as a representative green house gas and various removal and utilization technologies of it has been studied for the prevention of global warming. This study was performed as an effort to find out a method to reuse carbon dioxide separated from flue gas by magnetite powder. Magnetite powder was synthesized using various oxidizers and alkalinity controlled aqueous solutions of $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and NaOH at 50, 80, 90, $100^{\circ}C$ and analyzed by XRD and SEM. The analysis results showed that magnetite powder synthesized at higher alkalinity and temperature had crystalline spinel and cubic structure. The reduction by hydrogen and the oxidation by carbon dioxide of synthesized powder were studied by TGA. The results showed that magnetite powder synthesized at low alkalinity and temperature was non-cubical amorphous but crystalline and cubical at high alkalinity and temperature. Comparing magnetite powders synthesized using oxidants(air and oxygen) and nitrogen, magnetite powder using more oxygen containing oxidant synthesized more crystalline magnetite powder. The experimental results of redox reaction of the synthesized magnetite powder showed that the reduction by hydrogen and the oxidation by carbon dioxide were seldom observed below $400^{\circ}C$ and observed well at $500^{\circ}C$. Magnetite powder synthesized at $100^{\circ}C$ and alkalinity(molal concentration ratio of $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ to NaOH) of 2.0 using $O_2$ showed the highest reduction of 27.15 wt％ and oxidation of 26.73 wt％, especially at reaction temperature of $500^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

To evaluate the health risk of the workplace environment of a general hospital toward the hospital workers, a questionnaire survey on the perception of risk at the workplace environment and environmental measurements at 27 locations with 240 workers in the hospital were made from October 25th, 1993 to October 30th, 1994. The results were as follows ; 1. By the environmental measurements, 86 workers(36%) were found to be exposed to poor or harmful degree of general illumination, 193 workers(80%) were exposed to poor or harmful local illumination, 34 workers(14%) were exposed to poor or harmful degree of thermal condition and 180 workers(75%) were exposed to poor or harmful noise level, but nobody was exposed to poor or harmful dust and toluene concentration. Also nobody was exposed to poor or harmful level of radiation or anticancer/antibiotic agents. 2. The subjective perceptions on the environmental conditions felt by the workers were different from the objective findings by the environmental measurements. The workers underscored the poor illumination state and overscored the dust concentrations. Also workers oversensitized about the thermal condition, the noise level, the radiation level, the toluene concentration and anticancer/antibiotic agents 3. The sources of noise were the dialogue(179 workers) and the office instruments(131 workers). The sources of dust came from the clothes(108 workers) and the building materials(79 workers). 4. The questionnaire survey showed that the 28 workers were exposed to poor or harmful level of the antibiotics, 10 workers to alkali or acid and 6 workers to drug dust in the pharmacy but the above findings could not be proved by the environmental measurements.