• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.215-223
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• 1978

In Korea, the annual production of watermelon and cantaloupe melon is around 110,000 to 170,000 Metric Tons, and as the fruit does not keep well, studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of preservation in the form of natural juice or lactic fermented juice. The results obtained in these studies are summarized as follows: (1) The average yield of juice obtained from watermelon was 56.2%, and from cantaloupe melon 65.8%, of the fresh weight. (2) The colloidal components of watermelon juice separated from the juice by sedimentation within 24 hours. Cantaloupe melon juice gave a stable colloidal dispersion. (3) No change in the colour of the juices was detected by sensory evaluation or instrumental methods after they were treated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes. (4) The addition of canesugar to give a total solids content of 11/13 Brix gave juices which were preferred by most tasters. (5) Lactic fermentation of natural juices pasteurised at $90^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes, and inoculated with a pure culture of lactic acid bacteria proceeded without interference from competing microorganisms. (6) Sensory evaluation of lactic fermented juices indicated that 60% of tasters found the juices as acceptable or better than commercial fruit nectars at present on the market. (7) Taste panels showed a preference for natural melon juices over the lactic fermented juices. (8) The peroxidase activity of cantaloupe melon juice was higher than that of watermelon juice, with juice extracted from the core of the fruit showing a higher activity than that from other portions of the tissue. (9) Two types of peroxidase, of differing heat stability were detected in both juices. The more heat stable peroxidase had a decimal reduction time of 40 minutes at $80^{\circ}C$ and a z value of $11^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in meat quality characteristics on refri- gerated(4$^{\circ}C$) pork loin fed with supplemental levels of Bamboo vinegar(BV). Thirty pigs were divided into 3 groups of 10 pigs. Dietary levels of Bamboo vinegar 0%(control), 2% and 4% were included in experimental diets of each of the groups. The pH value was decreased(P<0.05) in 2% and 4% BV compared to the control after 3d of storage. Lightness was increased(P<0.05) in 2% and 4% BV compared to the control at 1d and 3d. Redness was decreased(P<0.05) in 4% VB compared to the control at 1d and 3d. The 2% and 4% BV showed a significant(P<0.05) increase in yellowness throughout the whole experiment compared to control. Cooking loss was increased(P<0.05) in 2% and 4% BV compared to the control after 3d of storage. Shear force was decreased(P<0.05) in 2% and 4% BV compared to control at 1d and 3d. TBA was decreased(P<0.05) in 2% and 4% BV at 6d and 9d. Total microbial counts was decreased(P<0.05) in 2% and 4% BV compared to control. The 2% and 4% BV scored higher(P<0.05) in odor evaluation compared to the control at 1d and 3d. The 2% and 4% BV also scored higher(P<0.05) than the control in the evaluation of appearance at 1d. The taste was increased(P<0.05) in 2% and 4% BV compared to control at 1d, 3d, and 6d. These results showed that the addition of 2% or 4% BV improved the meat quality and storage characteristics of refrigerated pork.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe the change of viscoelastic properties of dental resin cements during polymerization. Materials and methods: Six commercially available resin cement materials (Clearfil SA luting, Panavia F 2.0, Zirconite, Variolink N, RelyX Unicem clicker, RelyX U200) were investigated in this study. A dynamic oscillation-time sweep test was performed with AR1500 stress controlled rheometer at $32^{\circ}C$. The changes in shear storage modulus (G'), shear loss modulus (G"), loss tangent (tan ${\delta}$) and displacement were measured for twenty minutes and repeated three times for each material. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (${\alpha}$=0.05). Results: After mixing, all materials demonstrated an increase in G' with time, reaching the plateau in the end. RelyX U200 demonstrated the highest G' value, while RelyX Unicem (clicker type) and Variolink N demonstrated the lowest G' value at the end of experimental time. Tan ${\delta}$was maintained at some level and reached the zero at the starting point where G' began to increase. The tan ${\delta}$and displacement of the tested materials showed similar pattern in the graph within change of time. The displacement of all 6 materials approached to zero within 6 minutes. Conclusion: Compared to other resin cements used in this study, RelyX U200 maintained plastic property for a longer period of time. When it completed the curing process, RelyX U200 had the highest stiffness. It is convenient for clinicians to cement multiple units of dental prostheses simultaneously.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.159-181
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• 2006

This study is concerned on Why The Certified Security certification is needed and How to control the security quality to get better service to the clients. Theses days are required The Certified Certificate in all the industry. And in this point of view, the certified certificate is a kind of confirmation by an authority to the person who has how much special knowledge and practice in a certain field. Moreover, in the functionalism society the certified certificate system would be very positive effect to the related industry and society as official measurement by an authority. The security is freedom from fear and anxiety. Which means the security can not be operated in isolation from citizen's safe-living expectation, and which is also dealing with valuable human being's life. For getting the better purpose the security industry employees should have more organized special training and education. As my understanding the certified certificate exam system is the confirmation by an authority, the certified certificate is only neutral evidence to get the confidence and credit from the clients. In this point of view the core point is How to control The Certified Certificate by a credied authority.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.212-223
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• 2006

Positional accuracy of the on-board imager (OBI) isocenter with gantry rotation was presented in this paper. Three different type of automatic evaluation methods of discrepancies between therapeutic and OBI isocenter using digital image processing techniques as well as a procedure stated in the customer acceptance procedure (CAP) were applied to check OBI isocenter migration trends. Two kinds of kV x-ray image set obtained at OBI source angle of $0^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;180^{\circ},\;270^{\circ}$ and every $10^{\circ}$ and raw projection data for cone-beam CT reconstruction were used for each evaluation method. Efficiencies of the methods were also estimated. If a user needs to obtain an isocenter variation map with full gantry rotation, a method taking OBI image for every $10^{\circ}$ and fitting with 5th order polynomial was appropriate. However for a mere quality assurance (QA) purpose of OBI isocenter accuracy, it was adequate to use only four OBI Images taken at the OBI source angle of $0^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;180^{\circ}\;and\;270^{\circ}$. Maximal discrepancy was 0.44 mm which was observed between the OBI source angle of $90^{\circ}\;and\;180^{\circ}$ OBI isocenter accuracy was maintained below 0.5 mm for a year. Proposed QA program may be helpful to Implement a reasonable routine QA of the OBI isocenter accuracy without great efforts.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2005

The experiment was conducted to investigate the nutrition absorption pattern in the growth stages and develope the optimal nutrient solution hydroponically grown the tomato in closed substrate culture system with the nutrient solution of National Horticultural Research Station in Japan into 1/2S, 1 S, and 2S. When plant was grown in 1/2 S, the growth and yield were high and the pH and EC in the rooting zone were stable. Suitable composition of nutrient solution for tomato was $NO_3-N$ 7.1, $PO_{4}$-P 2.1, K 4.0, Ca 3.1, Mg 1.2, and $SO_{4}-S\;1.2\;me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in the early growth stage and $NO_3-N$ 6.5, $PO_4-P$ 2.3, K 3.4, Ca 3.1, Mg 1.1, and $SO_4-S\;1.1\;me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in the late growth stage by calculating a rate of nutrient and water uptake. To estimate the suitability for the nutrient solution of tomato in a development of optimum nutrient solution of tomato developed by Wonkwang university in korea (WU), plant was grown in perlite substrate supplied with different solution and strengths(S) by research station for greenhouse vegetable and floricultuin in the Netherlands (Proefstation voor tuinbouw onder glas te Naaldwijk; PTG) of 1/2 S, 1 S and 2 S, respectively, The growth was good at the PTG and WU of 2 S in early growth stage, and at the WU 2S in late growth stage. The highest yield of tomato obtained in the WU of 2 S, although blossom-end rot was appeared in all treatments. pH and EC in root zone of WU of 2 S were stable during the early and late growth stage. Therefore when plant was grown in WU of 2 S, N and P content in the nutrient solution need to low, according N and P content of their leaves were high in WU of 2 S.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2002

Several antagonistic bacteria, SD-1, 4, 10, 11, 14, 15, and 16, which have strong CMCase and amylase activities, were isolated from the fermented mushroom media. Among them, SD-1, 10, 11, and 15 have strong antibacterial activities against the mushroom pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas sp., and SD-1, 10, 11, 14, and 16 have strong antifungal activities against the mushroom pathogenic fungi, Trichoderma sp. SD-14, 15, and 16 did not inhibit the growth of mushroom Pleurotus eryngii ASI-2302, and Pleurotus ostreatus ASI-2042 and ASI-2180. When the culture broth mixture of the seven bacterial strains was applied to the mushroom media, the growths of pathogens, Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma sp., were inhibited.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.323-338
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• 1993

The primary objective of this study was to examine the toxic effects of PCP on activated sludge and to analyze its metabolic responses while treating wastewater containing pentachlorophenol (PCP) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system operating under different control strategies. This study was conducted in two phases 1 and 2 (8-hr and 12-hr cycles). Each phase was operated with two control strategies I and II. Strategy I (reactor 1) involved rapid addition (5 minutes to complete) of substrate to the reactor with continuous mixing but no aeration for 2 hours. Strategy II (reactor 2) involved adding the feed continuously during the first 2 hours of the cycle when the system was mixed but not aerated. During both phases each reactor was operated at a sludge age of 15 days. The synthetic wastewater was used as a feed. The COD of the feed solution was about 380 mg/L. After the reference response for both reactors was established, the steady state response of each system was established for PCP feed concentrations of 0.1 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, and 5.0 mg/L in SBR systems operating on both 8-hr and 12-hr cycles. Soluble COD removal was not inhibited at any feed PCP concentrations used. At 5.0 mg/L feed PCP concentration and in SBR systems operating on phase 2, the concentrations or ML VSS were decreased; selective pressure on the mixed biomass might be increased, narrowing the range of possible ecological responses; the settleability of activated sludge was poor; the SOURs were increased, showing that the systems were shocked. Nitrification was made to some extent at all concentrations of feed PCP in SBR systems operating on phase 2 whereas in SBR systems operating on phase 1 little nitrification was observed. Then, nitrification will be delayed as much as soluble COD removal is retarded due to PCP inhibition effects. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal occurring in the system operating with control strategy I during phase 1 of this work and in the presence of low concentrations of PCP was unreliable and might cease at anytime, whereas enhanced biological phosphorus removal occurring in the system operating with either control strategy I or II during phase 2 of this work and in the presence of feed PCP concentrations up to 1.0 mg/L was reliable. When, however, such processes were exposed to 5.0 mg/L PCP dose, enhanced phosphorus removal ceased and never returned.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.252-260
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Currently, national biomass inventory are being established for efficient management of the potential energy sources. Among the various types of biomass, agricultural wastes are considered to take the biggest portion of the total annual biomass generated in Korea, implying its importance. However, the currently estimated amount is not reliable because the old reference data are still used to estimate total annual amount of agricultural wastes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Therefore, to provide reliable estimation data, a correct conversion factor obtained by taking into account the current situation is required. For this, the current study was conducted to provide the conversion factors for each representative 8 crop through a field cultivation study. Also conversion factors for 18 crops were calculated using the average amount of each crop produced during 2004 and 2008, subsequently; total amount of agricultural wastes generated in 2009 was estimated using these conversion factors. The total biomass of rice straw and rice husk generated in 2009 were 6.5 and 1.1 million tons, respectively, which consist 75% of the total agricultural based wastes, while the total biomass of pepper shoots and apple pruning twigs were 1.0 and 0.6 million tons, respectively. Despite the high amount of rice-based biomass, their applicability for bio-energy production is low due to conventional utilization of these materials for animal feeds and beds for animal husbandry. In addition to exact estimation of the total biomass, temporal variations in both generated amount and the type of agricultural biomass materials are also important for efficient utilization; fruit pruning twigs (January to March); barley-, been-, and mustard-related waste materials (April to June); rice-related waste (September to October). CONCLUSION(s): Such information provided in this study can be used to establish a master plan for efficient utilization of the agricultural wastes on purpose of bio-energy production.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2010

To select the viable alternative substrates among the variable organic substrates for productivity enhancement and production cost-reduction of oyster mushroom in bottle culture, this study was carried out at mushroom research institute of GGRDA in 2007. In bottle culture of oyster mushroom (Plerutus ostreatus), the seedcakes of rape (RS), soybean (SS), coconut (CCS), and kapok (KS) were examined as substitute of cotton seedcake which was primary nutritive material of mushroom growing substrate. The chemical properties of substrate mixed with kapok seedcake is similar to the mixture with cotton seedcake in T-C, T-N, C/N ratio, and other nutrients. Mixed growing substrate containing cotton seedcake and kapok seedcake was superior to other mixtures 99.2% and 99.5%, respectively in spawning ratio and was faster mycellium growth in column test than that of soybeen seedcake, cotton + soybeen seedcake, and coconut seedcake. The period required in first pin-heading was 1-2 days longer in rape and soybeen seedcake mixture. Also there wad no primodia and fruitbody formation at soybeen seedcake mixture which had highest T-N content among the other mixed substrates. Yield per bottle and biological efficiency were highest of 144.6 g and 75.4%, respectively at kapok seedcake mixture. As a result, this study found that cotton seedcake can be replaced with kapok seedcake in bottle culture of oyster mushroom.