• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1996

In Fibrous dysplasia(FD) of the jaws, the majority of cases can await the cessation of growth before surgical intervention, and it seems prudent to delay surgery whenever possible until growth has ceased. In craniofacial FD, however, the dangers of dystopia, dystopia and loss of vision may require early surgery to prevent or control cranio-orbital complications. Delaying surgery in those circumstances may be significantly detrimental to such patients. Conservative surgical management of FD is widely practised and we advocate an extension to this conservative treatment by combining surgical recontouring with appropriate osteotomies if indicated, to achieve an optimal esthetic and functional results in craniofacial FD. One case will be presented to illustrate the feasiblility of such combined treatment, to report the uneventful healing of osteotomies in the FD of the jaws, and to demonstrate the use of titanium miniplate fixation in dysplastic bone. The other case had expansile disease of the left facial and fronto-temporal bones and osteolytic change left mandible. This patient complained of severe spontaneous bleeding of left mandibular premolar area and it was suspected as central hemangioma of the left mandible and craniofacial FD. Angiogram disclosed generalized dilation of the external carotid artery and its branches, especially terminal branches of the left facial and inferior alveolar arteries. But no specific abnormalities, such as A-V shunt, venous lake, or early venous drainage, was seen. So it was diagnosed craniofacial FD with hypercellularity and generalized bony recontouring was performed via coronal and transoral approaches.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.287-297
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• 1995

This study was performed to establish the cephalometric standards and growth changes necessary to create the Growth Forecast without Treatment at adolescence. The data from biennial serial cephalometric radiographs of 25 male and 21 female subjects aged from 8 to 16 years of Normal Koreans were used for this study. The following results were obtained. 1. There were no significant value changes of facial axis angle, fn to palatal plane angle, BA-NA-A angle, lower facial height and lower incisor protrusion as the age increased. 2. From continuous increasing measurements(anterior and posterior cranial babe length, facial axis length, condyle axis length, corpus axis length), the annual growth changes, average annual growth changes and changes for 8 years were obtained. 3. From continuous increasing measurements, significant differences were observed between male and female subjects in most annual growth changes after age of 12 years, average annual growth changes and changes for 8 years (p<0.05). 4. All linear and angular measurements were plotted by using X-Y plotter and personal computer. The visual norms for both sexes were obtained. There was considerable growth, for male, for each period especially the most remarkable growth from the age of 12 to 14. For female, the upmost growth was showed from the age of 10 to 12, and gradually decreased since then.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.1 s.78
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• pp.43-52
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• 2000

Hemifacial microsomia ( HFM ) is the second most common craniofacial abnormalies. HFM represnted a spectrum of clinical findings such as hypoplasia of the mandibular ramus and condyle, confinement of maxilla growth, external and/or middle ear defects, involvement of some cranial suture, buccal soft tissue, facial nerve, and muscles in the affected side. HFM often showed progressive facial asymmetry and occlusal plane slanting to the affected side with growth. There were several reports about asymmetry of tooth maturation, hypodontia, delayed eruption, enamel hypoplasia in HFM. Since teeth develope in close association with size and morphology of the maxillary and the mandible, it is highly likely that dental changes will be present in HFM. So the Purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the primary and the permanent teeth dimensions in the maxillary and the mandibular dentition between the affected and the non-affected side of HFM.. The sample of this study consisted of 34 unilateral HFM Patients (18 males and 16 females, average age : 5 year 11 months old). The authors examined the mesiodistal and the faciolingual dimensions of the primary and the permanent teeth and performed statistical study by using paired t-test. The results were as follows 1. The mesiodistal dimensions of the mandibular second primary molar and the mandibular first permanent molar in the affected side of HFM were significantly smaller than those of non-affected side. But there were no significant differences in the anterior teeth and the mandibular first primary molar. It means that a gradient of severity from anterior teeth to posterior teeth was found in the mandibular dentition. 2. Although there were no significant differences in the faciolingual dimensions of the primary and the permanent teeth in the maxillary and the mandibular dentition between the affected and non-affected side of HFM, there were general trend of compensatory increase in faciolingual dimension of the mandibular primary and the permanent teeth in the affected side Therefore these results showed that HFM might affect on the abnormality of tooth dimension, especially the most posterior teeth, in the affected side of the mandible.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.5 s.76
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• pp.575-587
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• 1999

This study was designed to evaluate the correlations between tongue with skeletal pattern and intermaxillary space in Class II malocclusion adult patients. Craniofacial skeletal pattern was analyzed on the lateral cephalometric radiograph and the subjects were devided two groups by facial ratio, the 30 subjects of hyperdivergent group and the 30 subjects of hypodivergent group. The size and posture of tongue and intermaxillary space were measured on the lateral cephalometric radiograph. These data were statistically analyzed to examine significant differences between both groups and compared the correlation between tongue with skeletal measurements and intermaxillary space in each group. The results of this study were as follows. 1. In comparison of the tongue and intermaxillary space, the measurement of TS/IS showed significantly larger in hyperdivergent group and PIH and IS showed significantly larger in hypodivergent group. There were no statistically significant differences in the measurements of the height and posture of tongue. 2. In correlation between tongue with craniofacial skeletal measurements, the length and height of tongue showed the highest correlation with AFH(anterior facial height) in both groups(p<0.01). And that measurements showed high correlation with PFH(posterior facial height) in hypodivergent group. 3. In both groups, most measurements of tongue showed high correlation with intermaxillary space and the height and space of tongue showed high correlation with AIH and PIH(p<0.01).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.135-145
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• 2000

It is well known that there are different craniofacial skeletal groups in the same malocclusion types. The present study was performed to determine morphologic sub-groups in Korean children with Class III malocclusions, and to find out morphological differences between subgroups by means of a cross-sectional longitudinal cephalometric study. In this study, 135 children aged 6 to 14 year-old with untreated Class III malocclusions were selected. The samples were divided into two groups depending on the angulation of middle cranial fossa (MCF). That is, when the MCF of an individual was measured smaller than 40.3, he/she was tossed into mandibular protrusive-effect group(MREG), while when an individual was measured larger than 40.3, he/she was tossed into mandibular retrusive-effect group(MREG). Thereafter, the grouped samples were divided into 4 age groups(7, 9, 11 and 13 year-old). Thirty four linear and angular measurements on the tracings of lateral cephaloradiographs were measured, and the morphological characteristics and differences were compared and analysed by means of Wilcoxon test. It was found that Korean children with Class III malocclusions were divided into two groups, in which 39.3% were belonged in the MREG and 60.7% were in the MREG. In the MREG, anterior-posterior length of cranial base, nasomaxillary complex, maxilla and mandible were larger than the MREG. And although there was no difference in the total length of mandible (Co-Gn), mandibular body length (Go-Gn) was larger in the MREG during the majority of the observed periods. These results would suggest that a majority of the samples, 60.7%, demonstrated many of configurations of craniofacial skeletal relationships that can be found in the leptoprosopic faceform.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2001

The present study was designed to compare morphological and structural relationships between basicranial measurements such as MCF angulation (Ar-SE-ptm), saddle angle (N-S-Ba, N-S-Ar) and facial structures including types of malocclusion. Twenty six children with Class III whose longitudinal headfilms were available from 7 to 12-year-old, and also 26 cross-sectional headfilms at each ages of 8, 9, 10 and 11 with Class I were selected for the investigation. Cephalometric measurements such as Ar-SE-ptm, N-S-Ba, N-S-Ar, N-SE-Ar, SNA, SNB, N-S/PM vert, CP/PM vert, $\underline{1}/FH$ plane, and $N-perp/\underline{1}$ were measured. Morphologic relationships and pattern of changes in facial structures in relation to the changes of MCF and saddle angle in both malocclusion types were analysed statistically employing ANOVA, t-test and Pearson correlation. Results suggest that the MCF rather than the saddle angle in children with Class I and III is more closely related with various facial structures and with their changes. It may be, therefore, suggested that the MCF be one of the biologically meaningful measurements in determining structural relationships between cranial base and facial complex including types of malocclusion. In addition, the MCF and its correlated facial structures in children with Class III, interestingly, showed somewhat marked changes between the ages of 9 and 11.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.242-246
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• 2009

The clinical features of ring chromosome 13 include mental and growth retardation, CNS anomalies, facial dysmorphism, cardiac defects, genital malformations, limb anomalies, skeletal deformities and anal malformations. Although many cases of ring chromosome 13 have been reported worldwide, only 6 cases have been reported in Korea, and the latter cases were not mosaic but pure ring chromosome 13. Here we report a case with mosaic ring chromosome 13. The baby boy was born at 37 weeks of gestation by induced vaginal delivery due to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). He was the second baby of a 28-year-old hepatitis B carrier mother and a 32-year-old father. There was no family history of chromosomal anomalies. The baby was a symmetric IUGR with a birth weight of 1,860 g, length of 44.8 cm, and head circumference of 29.4 cm. The physical examination revealed microcephaly, trigonocephaly, flat occiput, large ears, short neck and dysmorphic facial features, including microophthalmia, hypertelorism, antimongoloid slanting palpebral fissures, a flat nasal bridge, and micrognathia. The karyotype of this patient performed by peripheral blood lymphocytes was 46,XY,r(13)(p13q34)/45,XY,-13/46,XY,dic r(13;13)(p13q34;p13q34). The baby showed failure to thrive, hypotonia, and developmental delay. We report the first case of mosaic ring chromosome 13 in a male baby in Korea and compare this case with other Korean cases of non-mosaic ring chromosome 13.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.209-218
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• 2019

This study was aimed to evaluate orofacial morphologies on the cases of developmental disorders of maxillary first molars. Panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalographs, and clinical photos of 2983 children who attended the Pediatric Dental Clinic of Pusan National University Dental Hospital from 2006 to August 2017 were assessed retrospectively. 34 patients were selected whose maxillary first molars were missed or developmentally delayed unilaterally or bilaterally. Demirjian's method was used for estimating dental age, then which was compared to chronologic age of children. Parameters expressing skeletal and dentoalveolar disharmony were checked and compared with control. Additionally, occlusion relationship was evaluated. Maxillary dental age was significantly delayed compared to chronologic age. Several parameters which show skeletal open-bite tendency and skeletal class III malocclusion with maxillary retrusion were statistically significant. Anterior crossbite and edge-bite were expected in most of these cases, but compensation by occlusion and soft tissue was also verified which might mask skeletal class III tendency. Congenital missed or developmentally delayed maxillary first molars might be related with declined growth of maxilla. If developmental disorders of maxillary first molars were verified during clinical examination, careful monitoring of orofacial growth was necessary during puberty and timed orthopedic and orthodontic intervention were considered.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.1 s.48
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• pp.13-18
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• 1995

Craniofacial asymmetry was analyzed in 39 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate(UCLP). The samples are devided into three groups nine below 9 years, twenty three from 9 years 1 month to 14 years and seven over 14 years group. Seventeen measurements were obtained from the tracing of PA X-ray cephalometric headfilms to evaluate the asymmetric characteristics and changes accdording to aging in UCLP. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Facial asymmetry in UCLP is variable(1.22-3.47 $mm/^{\circ}$) and the length from midsagitta1 reference line to maxillary 1st molar, to upper central incisor and the length of mandibular ramus showed significant asymmetry 2. Nasal septum and anterior nasal spine were deviated In the cleft side and the lower border of nasal cavity was 1ower in cleft side. 3. The deviation of nasal septum was continued significantly till after 14 years old.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 2009

Osteomyelitis means inflammation of the bone marrow. It usually begins in the medullary cavity, involving the cancellous bone; then it extends and spreads to the cortical bone and eventually to the periosteum. The cause is usually thought to be microbiological. But there still are factors that predispose to produce a possible bone infection such as injuries, syphilis, actionomycosis, chronic kidney failure, alcoholism, malnutrition, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Treatment of modalities have been directed toward eradicating microbes and improving circulation in the early stage. In the case presented, surgical debridement and IV antibiotics were the treatment of choice. Osteomyelitis in children is mainly affected in the mandible. And in childhood, the mandibular condyle is regarded as an important center of mandibular growth. Therefore, in young patients, osteomyelitis involving this region may cause a restraint of mandibular development, resulting in facial asymmetry. So diagnosis in the early stage is important in child with osteomyelitis. Recently, we have encountered an interesting case of osteomyelitis of the mandibular condyle in 9-year-old boy. So we present the case and review the literature about osteomyelitis.