• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.505-517
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to examine the origin of materials of sanddune in the Chungcheongnamdo. The sands consist mainly of quartz with lesser amount of feldspar and other heavy minerals. With the exception of those from the granite, the sands have a very fine texture. Another characteristic of the sand grains is the low degrees of roundness and grading which indicates that the source areas of the material are not far from the accumulating field. The rivers and streams of this region are not effective in transporting sediments for the coastal dunes. It has been recognized that the beaches and sanddunes have recently been receded as a result of the decrease in materials and the devastating actions of the breakers. The degradation process occurs most actively when the spring tides attack the beaches and foredunes. There are strata with red tint along the coastal areas of the Chungcheongnamdo which trace their origin back to the Pleistocene. From the fact that they contain little or no gravels, the strata are believed to have been the sanddunes during the last interglacial period. This fossil dunes provide part of the materials for the development of the present-day sanddunes along the coastal areas of the region.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.395-409
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• 2009

The objective of this paper is to illustrate that kriging can provide an effective framework both for integrating remote sensing data and for uncertainty modeling through a case study of sediment grain size mapping with remote sensing data. Landsat TM data which show reasonable relationships with grain size values are used as secondary information for sediment grain size mapping near the eastern part of Anmyeondo and Cheonsuman bay. The case study results showed that uncertainty attached to prediction at unsampled locations was significantly reduced by integrating remote sensing data through the analysis of conditional variance from conditional cumulative distribution functions. It is expected that the kriging-based approach presented in this paper would be efficient integration and analysis methodologies for any environmental thematic mapping using secondary information as well as sediment grain size mapping.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.695-703
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the maxillofacial injuries of the sports players' and analyzing the concerned factor. Methods : The subject in this study were 290 sports players' enrolled in Jeolla region. SPSS statistics program(Version 12.0) was used to analyzed the collectde data, Chi-square test and percentage were used as the analysis technique. Results : 1. It was found that 63.8% of all respondents ever experienced trauma in sport activities and 28.6% experienced maxillofacial trauma. 2. In terms of traumatic causality, it was found that most of our respondents attributed the biggest cause of maxillofacial trauma to 'sport activities.' 3. However, it was found that only 12.1% of all respondents gave correct answers to question items about good medical treatment for traumatic odontoptosis. 4. It was found that less than half of all respondents ever faced information on maxillofacial trauma. Conclusions : This finding suggests that it is required to build up current orientation programs about maxillofacial trauma for our sport players. The maxillofacial trauma of sport players' is a important factor that degenerate the quality of the oral health and bring about the change of life style.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 1998

We reviewed 240 patients with facial bone fractures treated at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery between Jan. 1. 1997 to Dec. 31. 1997. These results were obtained as follows : 1. The ratio of men to women was 3.5 : 1 2. The age frequency was highest for people in their 20's 34.2%, in their 10's 21.63%, and in their 30's 20.41%. 3. The fractures were at the highest incidence in September at 13.3%, followed by in May at 11.25%. 4. The frequent causes were traffic accidents 47.9%, fisticuffs 20%, accidents caused by falling or slipping 16.25%, working traumas 8.75%, and sports 7.1%. 5. The most common location of facial bone fractures was the mandible 67.2%. The frequent fracture sites of the mandible were symphysis, angle, condyle, and body in the order. 6. The associated injuries of facial bone fractures were neurosurgry, orthopedic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, ophthalmic surgery and general surgery. 7. In respect of treatment, open reduction used 84.3% of the time. 8. Post operation complicatins were as follows : neurological problem 2.08%, malunion 1.67%, facial asymetry 0.83%, malocclusion 0.83%, and infection 0.41%.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.396-406
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• 1995

This is a clinical and retrospective study who sustained a total of 306 maxillofacial bone fracture and who were treated in our department between 1990-1994. This results were obtained as follows : 1. The ratio of men to women was 3.2 : 1. 2. The age frequency was the highest in the third decade(35%). That of man was the highest in the third decade but that of women in the fourth decade. 3. In respect of incidence, the number of patients has not been increased year after year. There were the highest frequency in September and the lowest frequency in January. 4. The most frequent cause of facial bone fracture was fall down(40.2%), traffic accident(28.1%), fist blow(20.9%), industrial accident(6.2%) and others in order. 5. The most common location of facial bone fracture was mandible(69%), maxillar with zygoma and zygoma in order of frequency. 6. The age frequency of mandible was the third decade(36.5%), the fourth decade(23.2%) and the fourth decade(22.2%) and the fifth decade(15.6%) in order. 7. In respect of incidence of associated injuries, the ratio of absence to presence was 0.7 : 1. 8. In 306 patients of facial bone fracture, the frequency of associated injuries was laceration, extrimities, chest in order.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.162-172
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• 2001

There have been various flower exhibitions in many countries such as Netherlands, Japan and China so as to encourage the growth of flower industry since they recognize the value of flower as cultural goods. Chungnam Province government, also endeavoring to make the. regional flower industry into high valued agriculture and exporting industry, plans to open the international flower exhibition in Anmyon-Do from April 26th, 2002. This flower show, first held by local government and featuring mega-event tourism, is expected to contribute to initiating flower industry and related business in Chungnam region. However, the flower exhibition may not be said to succeed if it does not play enough to trigger the role in expanding its effect on post growth of regional flower industry. This paper aimed at suggesting strategies of maintaining festival boom of post Anmyon-Do flower fair and contributing to take off of flower agriculture and its related industry as follows; 1) inviting various flower business activities into exhibition places 2) establishing flower village town attracted by tourists 3) devising the flower R&D center 4) organizing helping center for infant flower business group.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2000

Taean county region has been economically lagged behind compared with other areas in Chungnam Province mainly due to disadvantages of the location such as traffic accessibility, social infrastructure and industrial complex. However, recently Taean region has been emerged as newly prospective area because west coastal highway will be constructed to connect Seoul urban area to famous beach sites, recreational facilities along the seaside of Taean county, where International Flower Exhibition will also be held in Anmyon Island for the year of 2002. This Paper aims to explore how International Flower Exhibition is contributing to the development of local economy of Taean County area and to suggest the strategies for the development of this area through promoting spread effects of these international events. It is estimated that although there will be loss of 32,987 thousands won during the period of international flower festival based on the cash flow analysis, long run profits would be 108 trillion won, when calculating indirect benefits derived from the sight seeing, flower sales and other incomes from various activities. In order to maximize post benefits of international flower event, it is suggested that Taean county should pursue the strategies for specializing in cultural events such as family recreational events, beach festival and traditional cultural events, improving the social infrastructure and promoting the local industry such as flower, tourism and advanced technological enterprises.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1041-1050
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• 2009

The ambient temperature and concentration of carbon dioxide in Gwangju and the reducing method of temperature, air pollutants were investigated using the atmospheric data in Gwangju. Average ambient temperature ($T_{a-ave}$ was $13.5^{\circ}C$ during 1961 to 2008. The temperature was predicted as increasing of about $2.7^{\circ}C$ in 2108 after 100 years using the trend line of regression equation. Carbon dioxide was 370.7 and 391.4 ppm at Anmyundo, in 1999 and 2008, respectively, showing proportionally increased as ambient temperature. The temperature at Gwangju, $14.2^{\circ}C$ during 1997 to 2008, was a little higher than at neighboring counties as Naju, Damyang, Hwasoon, and Jangsung. In Gwangju, Spring will start in mid-January of 2108, Summer in mid-May, Autumn in mid-October, and Winter in last-December. The average relative humidity in the air ($RH_{a-ave}$) was gradually decreased as the temperature inversely increased. The average $CO_2$ was 457 ppm, which is 65.6 ppm higher than that in Anmyundo, korean background area of $CO_2$ in 2008. Carbon dioxide showed positive correlation, both of them, with carbon monoxide (0.87) and relative humidity (0.48).

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.5 s.104
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• pp.786-803
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• 2004

These days, interests on land cover classification using not only multi-sensor data but also thematic GIS information, are increasing. Often, although we have useful GIS information for the classification, the traditional classification method like maximum likelihood estimation technique (MLE) does not allow us to use the information due to the fact that the MLE and the existing computer programs cannot handle GIS data properly. We proposed a new method for updating the image classification using multi-spectral and multi-temporal images. In this study, we have simultaneously extended the MLE to accommodate both multi-spectral images data and land cover data for land cover classification. In addition to the extended MLE method, we also have extended the empirical likelihood ratio estimation technique (LRE), which is one of non-parametric techniques, to handle simultaneously both multi-spectral images data and land cover data. The proposed procedures were evaluated using land cover map based on Landsat ETM+ images in the Anmyeon-do area in South Korea. As a result, the proposed methods showed considerable improvements in classification accuracy when compared with other single-spectral data. Improved classification images showed that the overall accuracy indicated an improvement in classification accuracy of $6.2\%$ when using MLE, and $9.2\%$ for the LRE, respectively. The case study also showed that the proposed methods enable the extraction of the area with land cover change. In conclusion, land cover classification produced through the combination of various GIS spatial data and multi-spectral images will be useful to involve complementary data to make more accurate decisions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.613-618
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological characteristics of leaf and the genetic diversity of Berchemia racemosa var. magna which is only found in Anmyeon Island of South Korea. ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences among individuals within population in all 10 leaf characteristics. Average characteristics of 39 individuals were 11.8 cm in leaf length, 7.1 cm in leaf width, 1.67 in leaf index, 5.4 cm in upper 1/3 width, 6.2 cm in lower 1/3 width, 3.6 cm in petiole length, 0.19 mm in leaf thickness, 11.5 ea. in number of veins (left), 11.4 ea. in number of veins (right) and 61.7 $cm^2$ in leaf area, respectively. Except for leaf thickness (18.8%), petiole length (21.7%) and leaf area (22.0%), the coefficients of variation of most leaf characteristics were relatively low (<15.0%). A total of 50 bands was generated from 8 selected I-SSR primers. The estimates of genetic variation were 1.719 in effective number of alleles ($A_e$), 26.0% in proportion of polymorphic bands (P), 0.410 in expected heterozygosity ($H_e$) and 0.598 in Shannon's diversity index (S.I.), respectively. In spite of the small number and the limited distribution, the B. racemosa var. magna population in Anmyeon Island showed high genetic diversity.