• Title/Summary/Keyword: 안료분석

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A Scientific Analysis of Pigments for A Scroll Painting in Daeungjeon Hall of Bulguk Temple (불국사 대웅전 석가모니후불탱화 안료의 과학적 분석)

  • Kim, So Jin;Han, Min Su;Lee, Han Hyoung
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.212-223
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    • 2012
  • Pigments used paintings, ornaments, weapons and various objects have been recognised as important elements to ascertain the history, manufacturing technique and cultural migration. Since the understanding of composition of pigments by analysis began in 1963, its technique and methodology has much advanced in recent years; recent study used the portable X-ray Fluorescence as non-destructive analysis has been practiced in particular. However the study on pigments necessitates overall and systematic research because it is difficult to understand periodical and regional use of pigments. by fractional studies. Therefore this research investigates the coloring materials and painting techniques of the scroll painting depicting preaching scene of Sakyamuni Buddha in Daeungjeon Hall, a main hall of Bulguk temple, through scientific analysis and comparison of various pigments which had been applied to the buddhist paintings of Joseon Dynasty. Consequently, it is confirmed that the scroll painting used pigments of white lead[$2PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$] for ground layer and used mixture of different pigments such as cinnabar (HgS) minium($Pb_3O_4$) malachite($2CuO{\cdot}CO_2{\cdot}H_2O$) hematite($Fe_2O_3$) gold(Ag) for presenting various colors on the painting layer. It has been also believed that mineral pigments were applied to the scroll painting, yet it is difficult to confirm whether it is natural or synthetic pigments because the crystal structures of pigments were not analyzed. The results of this study, however, provide useful reference data for the understanding of the components of pigments and manufacturing techniques of buddhist scroll paintings, in particular, of Joseon Dynasty.

Analysis of Pigment on Portraits of Sim Hui-su in Joseon Period (조선시대 심희수 초상화 채색 안료 분석)

  • Yun, Eun Young;Chang, Yeon Hee
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.571-578
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    • 2016
  • This study analyzed the pigments used in two portraits of Sim Hui-su using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis, and microscopic observation, and then compared the results to those from nondestructive analysis. It was estimated that cinnabar/vermilion and minium were used for the red pigment, azurite for the blue pigment, atacamite for the green pigment, and lead white for the white pigment. These results were compared to the pigments of six portraits with a similar format, full-length official-attire portraits from the $17-18^{th}$ century Joseon period. It was revealed that the composition of the pigments used in the portraits varied depending on the date of production. Iron oxide, another red pigment, was used in the $18^{th}$ century. As for the blue colorant, smalt was used in the late $18^{th}$ century, whereas it was absent until the early $18^{th}$ century.

Pigment Analysis for Wall Paintings According to Verification of Penetration Depth for X-ray: Ssanggyesa Daeungjeon (Main Hall of Ssanggyesa Temple) in Nonsan (X-선 투과깊이 검증에 따른 벽화 안료의 정밀분석: 논산 쌍계사 대웅전)

  • Chun, Yu-Gun;Lee, Chan-Hee
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.269-276
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    • 2011
  • We have suggested effective P-XRF analysis method for pigment painting layer by calculating penetration depth of X-ray. This experiment calculated that X-ray generated from P-XRF was possible penetration until 1.17mm deep in the pigment painting. Based on the experimental results, analysis for eight color pigments on wall paintings in Ssanggyesa Main Hall, most pigments were painted traditional pigments. However pigments on recently restorated wall painting were used synthetic modern pigments.

Species and Characteristics of Particles for Traditional Red and Green Pigments used in Temples (사찰에 사용된 적색 및 녹색안료의 종류와 입자특성 분석)

  • Yoo, Young Mi;Han, Min Su;Lee, Jang Jon
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.365-372
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of the present study is to determine the species of red and green pigments used on paintings of Korean temples and also to compare the two pigments according to the particle characteristics. The component analysis shows that the red pigment consists of cinnabar, hematite, and minium and the green pigment are composed of atacamite, celadonite, and malachite. The result suggests that mixture of various pigments were applied to the painting. When it comes to the particle characteristics, there are various hedral or anhedral shapes such as sharp, long, angular, and platy shapes even in the same cinnabar. In addition, the green pigment also shows a similar pattern with those of the red pigment. Up to now, an identification of minerals has been relied on examination of component and crystal shape. However, it is notable that using form related characteristics can be a better and useful method not only for categorization of pigments which are similar in terms of color and species but also specific index.

Analysis of Danchung Pigments at Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (경복궁(景福宮) 근정전(勤政殿) 단청안료의 분석)

  • Cho, Nam Chul;Moon, Whan Suk;Hong, Jong Ouk;Hwang, Jin Ju
    • 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2002.02a
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    • pp.12-20
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    • 2002
  • The analysis of danchung pigments at the Geunjeongjeon Hall in the Gyeongbokgung Palace were carried out by EXRF and MXRD. The analytical results showed that mineral pigments were employed for the inside of the Geunjeongjeon Hall. The main ingredients of green pigments were chalcanthite and celadonite. Red pigment was cinnnabar. It was also revealed that synthetic pigments were applied for the outside of the Hall. Yellow pigment was chrome yellow. The main ingredients of red pigments were red lead and hematite. Green pigments were emeral green and chrome green. Lazurite was employed for blue pigment and titanium dioxide for white one.

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Diagnosis of Coloration Status and Scientific Analysis for Pigments to Used Large Buddhist Painting(Gwaebultaeng) in Tongdosa Temple (통도사 괘불탱의 채색상태 및 사용 안료의 과학적 분석)

  • Lee, Jang Jon;Ahn, Ji Yoon;Yoo, Young Mi;Lee, Kyeong Min;Han, Min Su
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.431-442
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is to reveal that coloring status and the degree of damage and the kinds of pigments used in large buddhist painting (Gwaebultaeng) of Tongdosa temple using a scientific analysis methods. It was observed that the physical damage patterns of the Gwaebultaeng were folding, lifting, fading, and peeling. Lead red, cinnabar and organic pigments were used as red pigments. Malachite and atacamite were used as green pigments, azulite and lazulite were blue pigments, lead white and talc were white pigment. It is estimated that overlapping organic pigments on the lead white were used as the yellow pigment and carbon was the black pigment. Through the analysis of the particle status of the pigments, it was confirmed that different types of raw materials were used for the green pigment, and the crystal form was easily distinguishable. Also, the dark blue color and the light blue color differed from each other depending on the size and shape of the raw material particles. Yellow and purple colors were organic pigments which did not have a graininess. The yellow and purple colors were organic pigments free from the graininess, and the pigments of dark red pigments was found to be mixed with the orange color pigments and carbon particles.

The Pigment Analysis of 『Procession of the Ladies』 Mural painting from Gaemachong, Koguryo (고구려 개마총 『여인행렬도』의 안료분석)

  • Yun, Eunyoung;Kim, Yuran;Kang, Hyungtae
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.12
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    • pp.53-58
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    • 2011
  • This study investigated ingredient of the pigment of wall painting piece of women parade of Gaemachong Goguryo that the National Museum of Korea kept. XRF, a non-destructive analyzer, was used to investigate ingredient of the pigment. At the analysis, not only cinnabar/ vermillion(HgS) but also hematiae(Fe2O3) was used to produce red, and carbon was done to produce black, and lead white was done to produce white. The face was painted by mixture of not only cinnabar/ vermillion but also hematiae: No coloring was done depending upon situation.

Analysis of Paint Pigments on King's Silk Ceremonial Robe with Nine Symbols (은조사 구장복의 채색안료 분석)

  • Yun, Eunyoung;Kang, Hyungtae
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.15
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    • pp.66-77
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    • 2014
  • A gujangbok is a king's silk ceremonial robe embroidered with nine symbols that represent the essential virtues that a king needs to govern his country. The National Museum of Korea currently own a gujangbok worn by King Gojong in the late Joseon Dynasty. The robe is painted with various colors, including red, yellow, blue, green, and gray. μ-XRF and analysis was conducted on the pigments, and it was found that the red color was made from cinnabar, the yellow color was gold and brass, the blue color was a blue organic pigment and white lead, the green color was a synthetic pigment composed of copper and arsenic, and the gray color pigment was silver. Also, the pigments were compared to those used to make the patterns of a queen's ceremonial robe and a front cloth panel, both made around the same time and also owned by the National Museum of Korea. The comparative analysis revealed clear differences and similarities between the various pigments. The resulting data expect to serve as a useful foundation research for future studying of the pigments used by the Joseon royal court in the late nineteenth century.

Scientific Analysis of the Neolithic Red Earthenwares(II) (신석기시대(新石器時代) 주칠토기(朱漆土器)의 과학적(科學的) 분석(分析)(II))

  • Yu, Hei-sun;Jang, Sung-yoon
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.2
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    • pp.69-76
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    • 2000
  • This study, a part of scientific analysis of the 23 Neolithic red earthenwares excavated from southeastern coast and islands. We analyzed earthenware through statistical method and hardness analysis of clay, following the analysis of clay composition, its firing temperature, pigment composition and its thickness. Clay composition was analyzed by using ICP-AES and XRF, and then Principal Component Analysis (one of multivariate methods) was used for classification. As a result, clay of the earthenware was classified into 3 groups(Bumbang, Youkjido and other sites). In addition, hardness analysis of pigment and clay based on the depth of earthenware surface showed that pigment layer containing lots of Fe2O3 had higher hardness than clay part, which can be interpreted that Fe2O3 contributes to raising hardness in case of high temperature firing. The fact that pigment hardness is higher than that of clay part implies that pigment was applied before firing.

Analysis and Visualization on Aging Effects for Dan-Cheong Pigments (단청안료의 열화 현상 분석 및 가시화 방안)

  • Shin, D.K.;Kim, J.W.;Ahn, E.Y.
    • Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.312-313
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    • 2012
  • 단청의 열화현상에 대한 연구는 주로 건축재로서의 내구성 향상에 초점을 두고 연구가 진행되고 있으나 본 연구는 가상유적지 재현을 위해 가상 건축물의 사실감을 높이기 위한 방안으로서 열화현상을 분석하고 가시화 하는데 초점을 두었다. 이를 위해 먼저, 전통건축에 나타나는 단청의 열화과정을 인간이 인지하는 색채감의 변화에 초점을 두고 연구를 진행한다. 우리나라 단청에서 사용된 안료를 살펴보고 문화재관리청에서 선정한 무기안료와 유기안료를 중심으로 내후성 시험을 통해 안료의 열화현상을 분석한다. 단청의 열화를 크게 색변과 박리 현상으로 나누어 촉진내후성시험기를 통해 얻어진 결과를 토대로 목조 전통건축의 열화현상을 분석한다.

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