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통도사 괘불탱의 채색상태 및 사용 안료의 과학적 분석

Diagnosis of Coloration Status and Scientific Analysis for Pigments to Used Large Buddhist Painting(Gwaebultaeng) in Tongdosa Temple

  • 이장존 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 안지윤 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 유영미 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 이경민 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 한민수 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산전문대학원 문화재수리기술학과)
  • Lee, Jang Jon (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Ahn, Ji Yoon (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Yoo, Young Mi (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Kyeong Min (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Han, Min Su (Department of Heritage Conservation and Restoration, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage)
  • 투고 : 2017.09.21
  • 심사 : 2017.11.13
  • 발행 : 2017.12.20

초록

본 연구는 양산 통도사 괘불탱의 손상 및 채색 상태 유형에 대한 자료를 확보하고, 비파괴 방법과 박락된 시편의 교차분석을 통한 채색 안료의 종류를 밝혀내고자 하였다. 괘불탱의 손상 유형을 확인한 결과, 꺾임과 접힘, 들뜸, 결실, 박락 등이 관찰되었다. 채색 안료 분석 결과, 적색 계열의 안료는 연단과 진사, 유기 안료가 사용되었고, 녹색 안료는 공작석과 염화동(녹염동광)을 사용하였으며, 청색 안료는 석청과 군청, 백색 안료는 연백과 활석을 혼합하여 사용하였다. 또한, 황색 안료는 연백과 유기 안료를 혼합하여 사용하거나 연백 위에 유기 안료를 덧칠하였으며, 흑색 안료는 먹을 사용 했을 것으로 추정된다. 박락된 시료를 수습하여 안료의 입자상태 분석을 통해 녹색안료의 결정형을 쉽게 구분할 수 있었으며, 진한청색과 연한청색도 마찬가지로 입자의 크기나 형태가 원료의 상이함에 따라 서로 다름을 확인하였다. 또한, 황색과 자색은 입자감이 없는 유기안료를 사용하였으며, 특이하게 어두운 적색은 주황색과 먹을 혼합하여 사용한 것으로 확인되었다.

The purpose of this study is to reveal that coloring status and the degree of damage and the kinds of pigments used in large buddhist painting (Gwaebultaeng) of Tongdosa temple using a scientific analysis methods. It was observed that the physical damage patterns of the Gwaebultaeng were folding, lifting, fading, and peeling. Lead red, cinnabar and organic pigments were used as red pigments. Malachite and atacamite were used as green pigments, azulite and lazulite were blue pigments, lead white and talc were white pigment. It is estimated that overlapping organic pigments on the lead white were used as the yellow pigment and carbon was the black pigment. Through the analysis of the particle status of the pigments, it was confirmed that different types of raw materials were used for the green pigment, and the crystal form was easily distinguishable. Also, the dark blue color and the light blue color differed from each other depending on the size and shape of the raw material particles. Yellow and purple colors were organic pigments which did not have a graininess. The yellow and purple colors were organic pigments free from the graininess, and the pigments of dark red pigments was found to be mixed with the orange color pigments and carbon particles.

키워드

참고문헌

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피인용 문헌

  1. Mineralogical Characteristics and Provenance of Cu-bearing Green Minerals Used as Traditional Pigments vol.31, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9727/jmsk.2018.31.2.123
  2. Occurrence and Mineralogical Properties of Green-Blue Inorganic Pigments in Korea vol.31, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9727/jmsk.2018.31.1.33
  3. The Characterization of Natural Inorganic Pigment Made of Malachite and Azurite vol.31, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9727/jmsk.2018.31.4.249