• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.126-155
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• 2016

This article deals with some issues with respect to the Mahan pottery excavated from the tombs. Pedestal jars with cover, small round-bottom jars, cylindrical pottery etc. had appeared in the interaction with the northern region in the dimension of the southern Korean peninsula. Especially, these relics had an important role at the route connecting the midwest region, Chungcheong(忠淸) inland and Yeongnam(嶺南) region. By this stage, the iron culture was similar to each other in the southern Korean peninsula. In addition to the inland route, the coastal passage along the west coast seems to have been used. Such signs are found in cylindrical pottery and Pedestal jars with cover. It was probably a natural phenomenon that the most powerful forces of Mahan appeared at this crossroad of cultural exchange. The unique style of Mahan pottery such as double-rim pottery had been established since the third century. After the third century, Mahan pottery varied by region depending on the tomb style. The difference roughly matches with the variations of the tomb style. But at the region of Bungumyo(mounded tomb), specific pottery such double-rim pottery had been prevalent than in other regions. And a specific style had been used in a narrow range. The pottery spread to the neighboring regions in the course of interaction and were also used in ritual practices.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2019

Barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo) is a small freshwater fish species as semi-bottom dwellers distributed in eastern Asia. We carried out characterization of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from the mitochondrial DNA of H. labeo in the Sumjin River to identify the phylogenetic location of H. labeo in the genus Hemibarbus and Cyprinidae. Multiple alignment of the 577 bp COI sequence revealed high sequence homology (99~100%) between Seomjin River H. labeo. The nucleotide sequence similarity between H. labeo (HD1) and H. mylodon was 88.91% and that of H. longirostis was 88.81% among the three species found in Korea. In addition, the nucleotide sequence similarities of H. maculatus, H. meditus, H. umbrifer and H. barbus showed 98.97%, 97.20%, 96.87% and 98.85%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis on seven species of the genus Hemibarbus showed that the H. labeo collected in this study formed two clades. One of which consisted of Hadong, Imsil, Kangjin. The other one formed a step with HD2, HD8 and HD9 of Hadong and the H. labeo reported in Busan, Asan and Seoul, Korea. Phylogenetic position of the H. labeo among Cyprinidae showed 0.143 for the evolutionary distance from Zacco platypus and 0.006 for the H. maculatus. In addition, the genetic position of the H. labeo among 28 species of Cyprinidae was found to be located in Group I, including Gobioninae fishes. The results of this study will provide key genetic information for the taxonomic comparison in Cyprinidae and study of model fish for pollution monitoring in freshwater environments.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.35-49
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• 2019

Purpose : This study aimed to propose a common scope of practice (SOP) for 13 specialties of Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) in Korea. Methods : The first draft of a common SOP was extracted from domestic and international laws with a literature review by 17 experts from the Korean Association of Advanced Practice Nurses (KAAPN). Then, the common SOP was finalized after comparing the activities of APNs in clinical settings. Results : A total of 70 duties were identified and six categories were suggested for the common SOP. The SOP proposed by the KAAPN featured the following: 1) identification of and discrimination between health problems; 2) prescription and implementation of diagnostic tests; 3) treatment of injuries and diseases while implementing measures to prevent exacerbation; 4) prescription of medicinal products in line with 1) to 3); 5) referral and consultation; and 6) education and counseling. It was then confirmed that the proposed six categories in the common SOP reflected all the duties performed by APNs in clinical practice, including all 40 activities. Conclusion : The results of this study can be used as evidence for the legalization of a common SOP for APNs. Given the increasing multidisciplinary team approach adopted in Korean hospitals, it may be desirable to establish a broader SOP to reflect the diverse duties of APNs.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.285-290
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• 2021

In the medical field, disease diagnosis and prediction research using artificial intelligence technology is being actively conducted. It is being released as a variety of products for disease diagnosis and prediction, which are most widely used in the application of artificial intelligence technology based on medical images. Artificial intelligence is being applied to diagnose diseases, to classify diseases into benign and malignant, and to separate disease regions for use in identification or reading according to the risk of disease. Recently, in connection with cloud technology, its utility as a service product is increasing. Among the diseases dealt with in this paper, liver disease is a disease with very high risk because it is difficult to diagnose early due to the lack of pain. Artificial intelligence technology was introduced based on medical images as a non-invasive diagnostic method for diagnosing these diseases. We describe the development of a web service to help the most meaningful clinical reading of liver cirrhosis patients. Then, it shows the web service process and shows the operation screen of each process and the final result screen. It is expected that the proposed service will be able to diagnose liver cirrhosis at an early stage and help patients recover through rapid treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.713-720
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to propose a new measurement method for accurate measurement of vessel diameter in computed tomography angiography(CTA). CTA test was performed after non-ionic iodine contrast agent was flowed at a constant rate to self-maded perfusion phantom. After obtaining raw data, images were reconstructed with multi-planar reconstruction(MPR) and maximal intensity projection(MIP). Diameters of vascular models were measured for each technique. Relative and conventional measurements were then compared. The mean diameter of the vascular model was closer to the actual measurement when relative measurement was used compared to that when conventional measurement was used both in MPR and MIP. Relative measurements of MPR and MIP were closer to actual measurement than those of conventional measurement (34% VS, 24%, p<0.05). The relative measurement method proposed in this study was closer to the actual measurement than the conventional measurement method. However, both test methods were still larger than actual results. Therefore, further study of relative measurement method is needed using this study as basic data.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2020

Purpose: The annual statistics for poisoning are reported based on the data from poison control centers in many advanced countries. In 2016 a study was conducted to analyze the 2016 Korea Poisoning status. This study was conducted to make a better annual report for poisoning statistics in Korea from a 2017-2018 national representative database. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of poisoning patients based on the data from an emergency department (ED) based injury in-depth surveillance project by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017-2018. Bite or sting injuries were not included. Results: A total of 17714 patients presented to 23 EDs because of poisoning. Adults above 20 years old age accounted for 84.6% of the population, while the proportion of intentional poisoning was 60.8%. The poisoning substance presented in the ED were therapeutic drugs (51.2%), gas (20.3%), pesticides (16.4%), and artificial substances (11.4%). Overall, 35% of patients were admitted for further treatment. The mortality was 2.4% (422 cases), and the most common fatal substances in order were carbon monoxide, other herbicides, and paraquat. Conclusion: This study showed the 2017-2018 status of poisoning in Korea. The prognosis is different from the cause of poisoning and the initial mental state of the patient. Therefore, appropriate methods for preventing poisoning and therapeutic plans in specific situations are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.79 no.6
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• pp.323-331
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for management of pain during and after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatic tumor. Materials and Methods: All patients were divided into non-TPVB (4 patients, 4 sessions of RFA for 4 tumors) and TPVB group (5 patients, 7 sessions of RFAs for 7 tumors). Ultrasound (US)-guided TPVB was performed at T7 level. The 15 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine was injected into right paravertebral space before RFA. If patients complained pain and asked analgesics or experienced pain with verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) of more than 4, fentanyl $25{\mu}g$ (up to $100{\mu}g$), pethidine 25 mg, and midazolam 0.05 mg/kg (up to 5 mg) were sequentially given intravenously during RFA. Results: Total intravenous morphine equivalence of analgesics before, during, and after RFA was 129.1 mg and 0.0 mg in non-TPVB and TPVB group, respectively. Conclusion: US-guided TPVB may be an effective and safe anesthetic method for decreasing or eliminating pain during and after RFA for hepatic tumor and helpful in decreasing the usage of opioids.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.193-204
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• 2021

Objectives: In January 2021, the former heads of the manufacturer SK Chemical and the vendor Aekyung were acquitted for manufacturing and selling humidifier disinfectant (HD) containing 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one/2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT/MIT). In this article, we analyzed the rationale used in this judgement in the light of scientific consideration. Methods: The sentencing document for the judgements was obtained from the Korea Supreme Court Service. In particular, the judgements made by the court related to the toxicological and individual association with HD perspectives were discussed based on scientific evidence. Results: The ruling stated that the necessary conditions for causality between CMIT/MIT and such diseases were not met based on the fact that asthma and lung damage were not found in the inhalation exposure animal experiments. The judgment overlooked the inevitable limitations of using animal experiments for verifying health effects in humans, which are often inconsistent with the observations in animals. Among 11 governmentaffirmed lung injury cases with CMIT/MIT usage, three patients' humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI) pathology proved that CMIT/MIT could cause lung injury similar to that caused by PHMG and PGH. In addition, five children showed decreased lung function related to damage caused by humidifier disinfectant exposure. Conclusions: We conclude that there is sufficient evidence supporting the assertion that HDs containing CMIT/MIT cause lung injuries, including asthma, contrary to the court's decision.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to examine the quality of tuberculosis (TB) care after the 1st to 3rd national quality assessment (QA) program for TB healthcare service in Korea was conducted. Methods: We analyzed Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) claims data of new TB patients during the period of January to June from 2018-2020. The new TB patients were defined as TB patients reported to Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KCDA). The unit of analysis was the patient. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the differences in indicator value according to the types of medical facilities. The QA indicators of TB care were divided into 3 areas consisting of the following 7 quality indicators: 4 indicators of diagnosis test (the rate of acid-fast bacilli smear, the rate of acid-fast bacilli culture, the rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-polymerase chain reaction, drug susceptibility test), 1 compliance of treatment guideline, and 2 indicators of care management of TB patients (encounter rate, day of therapy). Results: The QA program for TB care was conducted among 8,246 patients from 534 facilities in 2020. The value of the 7 quality indicators was shown to increase as a result of the QA program. The indicators of the diagnostic test were all higher than 95%, with the exception of the drug susceptibility test which was 84.8%. Both indicators for care management of TB patients were 88.5%. Conclusion: The quality of TB care has been improving with the implementation of the QA program. In order to continue to improve the quality of TB care, it will be necessary to disclose the results of the QA program in medical facilities in the future.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2022

Although low translucency 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal has excellent mechanical properties, it has limited application as a monolithic prosthesis. To improve these optical limitations, translucent zirconia has improved esthetics due to an increase in the cubic phase; however, it is accompanied by a decrease in mechanical properties simultaneously. Lithium disilicate has improved its mechanical properties through crystal size reduction and various heat treatment methods; therefore, its clinical application range is continuously increasing. Translucent zirconia shows a wide distribution of physical properties depending on the yttria content and lithium disilicate according to the size and density of crystal grains. As a result, the indications for translucent zirconia and lithium disilicate are increasing. Therefore, in this literature review, we intend to examine the rationale behind the material selection criteria in clinical situations and considerations for designing fixed dental prostheses including pontic, in particular, by summarizing recent studies.