• Title/Summary/Keyword: 아밀로오스

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Quality Characteristics of Long-term Stored Rice (장기 저장된 쌀의 품질 특성)

  • Han, Hye Min;Koh, Bong Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.11
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    • pp.1571-1576
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and pasting properties of long-term stored domestic and imported rice supplied for food processing from government-controlled public rice stocks. Goamibyeo, which was bred for processing and harvested in 2011, was selected as the control rice for comparison. Rice was dry-milled, and the amylose contents of stored rice were 12~13%. Stored rice kernels were significantly harder than those of control, whereas damaged starch content and water absorption of flour were not significantly different from those of control. Overall, long-term stored domestic and imported rice showed high peak viscosities along with high viscosities of both hot and cold pastes. Both imported and domestic rice demonstrated insufficient properties for making 100% flat rice noodles or bread. They showed the greatest shrinkage during cooling after baking. Although their levels of cooking loss were less than that of control, stored rice showed a less elastic and softer cooked noodle texture compared to control flour.

Effects of Defatting and Reincorporation with Fatty Acid on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Rice Starch (탈지 및 지방산 첨가가 쌀전분의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Hyeong-Taeg;Lee, Shin-Young;Yang, Ryung;Oh, Doo-Whan
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.834-839
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    • 1988
  • Physicochemical properties of defatted and 1% palmitic acid reincorporated rice starch were investigated comparing with nondefatted starch. Amylose content of defatted starch was higher than that of nondefatted and reincorporated starch. Transmittance, swelling power and solubility of nondeffated and reincorporated starch exhibited two stage behavior but these behaviors were disappaered by defatting. All starches showed a typical A type in X-ray diffraction but relative crystallinity was decreased by defatting. Also by defatting, peak viscosity and break down of amylogram were disappeared and set back was increased.

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Effects of Low-Dose Gamma Irradiation on Physicochemical Properties and Formation of Resistant Starch of Corn Starch (저선량 감마선 조사가 옥수수 녹말의 이화학 성질 및 저항전분 생성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Sung-Kon;Kim, Jeong-Hee;Kwon, Joong-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.378-384
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    • 2006
  • Intrinsic viscosity of starch irradiated with Co-60 (0.25-9.1 kGy) significantly decreased, and swelling power and solubility measured at $80^{\circ}C$ linearly increased with increasing irradiated dose. Radiation treatment up to 1 kGy increased amylose content of starch. Water-binding capacity increased rapidly up to 3 kGy. Peak viscosity of irradiated starches by Rapid visco Analyser and Visco/amylo/Graph indicated that the decrease in peak viscosity was dose-dependent. Gamma irradiation showed no effect on endothermic temperatures of irradiated starches, but decreased endothermic enthalpy with increasing dose level. Viscosity of starch autoclaved at $120^{\circ}C$ and air-dried significantly decreased with increasing irradiation dose. Resistant starch content slightly decreased upon irradiation.

Characteristics of Dry and Moist Type Sweet Potato Starches (분질 및 점질 고구마 전분의 특성)

  • Shin, Mal-Shick;Ahn, Seung-Yo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.412-418
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    • 1988
  • Granular shapes and sizes, physicochemical priperties and gelatinization patterns of sweet potato starches from Wonki(the dry type) and Chunmi(the moist type) were investigated. Starch granules of sweet potatoes were round. Granule sizes of Wonki starch were mainly $11{\mu}m$ and those of Chunmi starch were $12{\mu}m\;and\;17{\mu}m$. Wonki starch had lower water binding capacity and swelling power than Chunmi starch. But Wonki starch had higher amylose content, gelatinization temperature, miture content for gelatinization and temperature for gelatinization than Chunmi starch.

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Physicochemical Properties of Rice Starch and Cooked Rice Hardness (쌀 전분의 이화학적 성질과 쌀밥의 경도)

  • Gil, Bog-Im;Im, Yang-Soon;Ahn, Seung-Yo
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.249-254
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    • 1988
  • Physicochemical properties of starches from the rices of Akibare, Samgang and Mahatma and hardness of the cooked rice were examined Water binding capacity and amylose content were heigher in Samgang. Peak viscosity and breakdown were heigher in order of Akibare, Samgang and Mahatma, while consistency and set back were reverse order. Hydrolytic patterns of three starches with 2.2N HCl at $35^{\circ}C$ showed two distinct stages. Hydrolysis extent of Mahatma starch was lower than those of Akibare and Samgang starches. The relative crystallinities of these starches were heigher in order of Mahatma, Akibare and Samgang. Mahatma was more resistant to heat and acid treatments, lower in water binding capacity and harder when it was cooked.

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Differences in Physicochemical Characteristics between Head and Incomplete Rice Grains (쌀 완전립과 불완전립의 이화학적 특성 비교)

  • Kwak, Young-Min;Yoon, Mi-Ra;Sohn, Jae-Keun;Kang, Mi-Young
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.51 no.7
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    • pp.639-644
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    • 2006
  • This study was performed to compare the differences in physicochemical characteristics between head and incomplete kernels separated from Ilpumbyeo, Korean rice cultivar. The contents of mineral and protein were higher in incomplete than head kernels. There was significant difference in composition of fatty acid and amino acids, which affect the taste, between two kernels. The gelatinized head kernel had the higher viscosity than incomplete kernel. The content and chain length of amylose were higher in head than incomplete kernels. Differential scanning calorimeter results revealed that head kernel had lower starting temperature, higher maximum temperature, and higher enthalpy for gelatinization than incomplete kernel. Also we could found that the hydrolysis rate by glucoamylase was higher in the head kernel than incomplete kernel.

Starch properties of milled rices differing in hydration rates (쌀의 수화 그룹별 전분의 성질)

  • Kim, Chang-Joo;Kim, Sung-Kon;Jae, Jae-Chun;Kwon, Joong-Ho
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.21-25
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    • 1991
  • Twenty-six japonica and 19 Tongil type milled rices were grouped based on water uptake rate at $23^{\circ}C$ and interrelationships between starch properties and hydration group were investigated. There were no significant differences in relative crystallinity, transmittance increase rate of 0.1% starch suspension and soluble amylose between japonica and Tongil type rices. The gel volume of starch n 3M KSCN solution of Tonsil type rice starch was significantly higher than that of japonica one. However, no correlations were observed between starch properties and hydration groups.

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Physicochemical Properties of Sodium Hypochlorite Oxidized Potato Starch (Sodium Hypochlorite로 산화된 감자 전분의 이화학적 특성)

  • 김미라
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.315-324
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    • 1997
  • Physicochemical properties of potato starches oxidized with sodium hypochlorite containing 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0% active Cl/g starch at pH 7.0 were examined. Carboxyl group contents of oxidized potato starches were proportional to active chlorine concentration in use and water binding capacity, alkali number, and solubility increased with increasing the degree of oxidation. Blue value and iodine binding property indicated the change of amylose structure by the oxidation. Gelatinization trends obtained from transmittance and DSC thermograms showed that gelatinization temperature was lower as starch was oxidized higher. X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron micrographs implied oxidation might occur on the surface amorphous regions of starch granule.

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The Production, Distribution, and Utilization of Rice in Japan (일본의 쌀 생산, 유통 및 이용현황)

  • Inouchi, Naoyoshi
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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    • 2002.08a
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    • pp.32-45
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    • 2002
  • 일본은 기후적으로도 쌀의 생산에 적합하며 쌀은 일본의 주곡이다. 1893년 국립농업연구소가 설치된 이래로 쌀은 품질과 단보당 생산량이 꾸준히 개선되어와 6/1의 노동시간으로 생산량은 2.5배의 증가를 가져왔다. 이러한 진전은 재배방법의 개선, 비료, 농약, 재배기술, 기계화, 관개배수, 농지개량 등의 요인들로 볼 수 있다. 현재 일본에서 생산되고 있는 주요 쌀 품종으로는 코시히카리(35.5%), 히토메보레(9.7%), 히노히카리(9.0%), 아키다코마치(8.5%), 키라라(4.8%) 등 10여 품종이며 최근에는 형질전환 품종의 연구와 함께 생물공학적 연구, 생리, 품질, 곤충과 잡초, 토양, 식품가공 등 기본적인 연구에 심혈을 기울이고 있다. 새로운 형태의 쌀 품종으로는 냉동조리쌀밥, 초밥, 레토르트룡 쌀 등 가공용으로 적합하도록 하기 위하여 아밀로오즈의 함량을 5-15%로 낮춘 쌀이나 카레, 필라프, 튀김 쌀 등의 용도에 적합하도록 아밀로오스의 함량을 30%이상으로 높인 쌀 뿐만 아니라 곡립의 크기와 길이 등을 변형시킨 쌀, 유색미, 향미, 단백질 함량 조절 쌀, 거대 배아미, lipoxigenase 활성을 없앤 쌀, 단맛나는 쌀 등이 연구, 생산되고 있다. 일본에서의 쌀이용은 먼저 가공용 쌀을 들 수 있다. 밥, 청주, 스낵, 쌀가루, 미소발효 등 다양하게 이용이 되고 있으며 parboiled rice와 이의 색과 향을 개선한 converted rice, 현미를 이용한 가공쌀, 쌀빵, 현미가루, 세척미, 쌀국수, 쌀스낵, 당과, 죽, ?은 채소아 함께하는 타키코미고한, 초밥, 냉동쌀밥, 무균포장밥, 건조밥, 즉석밥 등 매우 다양하다.

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Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Several Korean Potato Starches (품종별 한국산 감자의 전분 특성 비교(I))

  • 김경애;김선민;정난희
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.53-62
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    • 1989
  • Granular shapes and size, physicochemical properties and gelatinization properties of potato starches from Irish cobber (the dry type), Dejima (the moist type), Shepody and Superior were investigated. The starch granule was round or oval and the size of Irish cobbler and Shepody starch were $11~30\mu\textrm{m}$ and those of Superior and Dejima were$ 21~40\mu\textrm{m}$. Blue value, amylose content, relative crystallinity and density of Irish cobbler were the highest, but that of Dejima were the lowest. Water binding capacity, swelling power, transmittance. peak viscosity and breakdown of amylogram of Superior starch were the highest, but that of Irish cobbler starch were the lowest. Gelatinization temperature of DSC of Irish cobbler starch was the highest, but that of Superior starch was the lowest.

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