• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.623-630
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of applying cosmetic material about extracted from Lycii Fructus seed supercritical fluid. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-melanogenesis effect and antimicrobial activity about the extracts from Lycii Fructus seed. These researches studied for emulsion physical stability of pH, viscosity, particle size from emulsion containing Lycii Fructus seed extract. As a result, the supercritical fluid extract from Lycii Fructus seed significantly inhibited melanin synthesis by 81.86 % at the concentration $750{\mu}g/mL$. Antimicrobial effects of extract was determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli. except by Staphylococcus epidermidis. The physical stability of viscosity and pH on the emulsion containing Lycii Fructus seed extract were stable for 28 days. Emulsion containing Lycii Fructus seed extract did not change particles at observation into optical microscope. These results suggest that extracts from Lycii Fructus seed may have value as the potential cosmetic formulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.3-3
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• 2008

21 세기 제 3의 산업혁명을 가져올 것으로 기대되는 나노기술(NT), 정보기술(IT), 바이오기술(BT)은 전 세계 과학자들의 마음을 사로잡고 있다. 이 가운데 나노기술은 전자산업에 응용시 그 기대효과는 우리가 상상하는 이상의 것이라 예상하고 있다. 나노기술에 특히 관심을 가지는 이유는 물질이 마이크로미터 크기로 작아져도 벌크 물질의 물리적 특성이 그대로 유지되지만, 나노미터 크기가 되면서 우리가 경험하지 못했던 새로운 물리적 특성들이 발현되기 때문이다. 그 특성에는 양자구속효과, Hall-Petch 효과, 자기효과 등이 있다. 나노기술의 구현은 양자점과 같은 영차원 나노입자, 나노와이어, 나노막대, 나노리본 등과 같은 직경이 100nm 이하의 일차원 구조의 나노물질 및 나노박막과 기타 100nm 이하의 나노구조물들이 사용된다. 현재 일차원 구조를 이용한 전자디바이스화 연구는 결정성장을 정확하게 조절하는 합성기술 합성된 일차원 나노물질의 물리적 특성을 지배하는 각종 파라미터들과 물리적 특성들과의 상관관계 정립, 나노와이어를 이용한 Bottom-up 방식에 의한 조립기술 확보를 위해 활발히 진행 중이다. 하지만 나노구조의 특성을 확인하는 형태의 연구일 뿐, 실제 디바이스화에는 여전히 많은 과제를 안고 있다. 본 연구에서는 산화아연을 기반으로 한 고품위 능동형 산화물 나노구조의 다양한 성장방법 및 물성 평가에 대해 연구하였다. 성장장비로는 MOCVD와 스퍼터링을 이용하여 대면적 균일 성장을 이룰 수 있었다. 특히 실제 광전소자에 응용요구에 알맞은 Bottom-up 방식에 의한 수직성장 기술, 길이/직경 비 향상 기술, 결정성 향상 기술, 저온성장 기술, Dimension 조절 기술 Interfacial layer 제거 기술 등을 중점적으로 연구하였다. Dimension 조절 기술로 p-Si 기판위에 성장된 나노 LED에서는 밝은 emission을 관찰하였으며, 세계에서 최초로 스퍼터링을 이용하여 4인치 웨이퍼에 대면적 수직 성장하였다. 최근에는 선택적 삼원계 씨앗층을 이용한 길이/직경 비가 매우 향상된 MgZnO 나노와이어를 Interfacial layer 없이 수직으로 성장하여 산화물 전계방출 에미터로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.238-245
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• 2010

Sprout vegetable and general vegetable were obtained from radish, red cabbage, vegetable green, buckwheat and broccoli seeds. The vitamin contents had a large deviation, and the vitamin B1 contents decreased and/or was not detected according to the sprouting. This tendency occurred because of the use for growth of sprouts. The mineral contents in sprout vegetables was the highest and was 2~10 times greater than general vegetables. In the growing pathway, potassium was a large consumption nutrient and consumption of sodium was low. $\alpha$-Amylase and total enzyme activities were higher in sprout vegetable than general vegetable, which was also the case of the corresponding freeze dried powders. Sprouting was shown to increase the enzyme activities. Thus, sprout vegetables had several advantages including a rich level of nutrients and safety from agricultural pesticides.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2020

최근들어 우리나라 하천에는 많은 식생이 발생하고 있다. 과거 댐에 의한 유황 조절효과로 댐 하류에 식생이 과도하게 발생하는 사례는 많았지만 최근 발생하는 식생은 댐의 유무에 직접 관련되지 않고 있다. 또한 하천의 규모나 위치 등과도 관계없이 거의 모든 하천에서 대규모로 발생하고 있다. 이와같은 식생은 하천의 통수능을 줄여서 홍수위를 상승시키는 역할과 더불어 하천의 육역화를 일으켜서 하천의 모습을 상실하게 하는 역할도 한다. 일본 등의 경우에도 하천에 과도하게 발생하고 있는 식생으로 인해 하천관리의 문제로 대두되고 있다. 해외의 경우 하천내 식생 발생 메카니즘에 대한 연구가 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 유황의 변화, 하천 지형의 변화, 영양물질의 변화 등으로 인해 발생하는 식생의 현황과 원인을 규명하고 있다. 더불어 식생의 지속적인 제거를 위해서 기계적인 방법, 화학적인 방법, 수문학적 방법 등의 개발과 적용에 대해서도 다양한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 중소하천에서 발생하고 있는 식생의 현황을 파악하고 하천내 지형조건과 식생 발생의 연결 고리를 분석하였다. 최근 10년 이내 많은 중소하천에서 하천내 많은 면적을 식생이 차지하게 되었는데 이와 같은 현상의 원인은 크게 두 가지로 분석되었다. 첫 번째는 유황의 변화이다. 최근들어 대규모의 홍수발생 빈도가 급격하게 줄어들어 식생이 발생할 수 있는 조건이 크게 확대된 것으로 파악되었다. 홍수 발생 감소로 봄이나 여름철에 하천내 흐름이 발생하여 씨앗이나 어린 식생이 쓸려 내려갈 기회가 감소되었다. 두 번째는 과거 조성된 복단면 형상으로 인해 고수부지의 경우 흐름이 발생할 기회가 현저하게 감소하여 고수부지가 육역화되는 현상이 발생하고 있다. 특히 이 두가지 요인이 중첩되면서 하천내 식생의 증가는 급속하게 발생되고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서는 하천 단면 지형의 연도별 변화, 수위의 변화, 식생의 변화를 연계하여 식생의 발생 원인을 물리적으로 규명하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 활용하면 하천에서 발생하고 있는 과도한 식생의 원인을 추정할 수 있고 이를 해소하기 위한 대안으로 하천 단면의 관리 방안을 검토할 수 있다. 기후변화 등의 외부적인 요인으로 인해 발생하는 유황의 변화가 과거와는 다르게 발생하고 있는 점을 감안하면 하천내 식생의 발생 현황 및 제거 방안을 도출하는 것은 시급한 과제라고 판단된다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.372-378
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of mungbean starch gels that were prepared with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) of peach seed powders (PSP), which exhibit antioxidant characteristics. Mungbean starch gel samples were prepared and subjected to quality characteristics such as moisture content, general components, color, texture profile analysis, total polyphenol contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and sensory qualities. The L-value and the a-value for color decreased significantly, whereas the b-value increased significantly as the PSP concentration increased (p<0.05). In the texture profile analysis, the mungbean starch gel with 1.5% PSP showed significantly lower degrees of hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and brittleness (p<0.05). The total polyphenol content was highest in the 1.5% PSP to which mungbean starch gel was added, which also showed a higher than 70% DPPH radical scavenging activity level in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). In the sensory test of the mungbean starch gel, its sensory scores for flavor and taste were highest in the 0.5% PSP to which mungbean starch gel was added.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.103-125
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• 2020

This paper reviews the EU Case, Claudia Wegener v. Royal Air Maroc SA [2018] ECLI:EU:C:2018:361, Case C-537/17. It analyzes some issues as to Wegener case by examining EU Regulations and practical point of views. Article 3(1)(a) of Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights, entitled scope, provides: "this Regulation shall apply: (a) to passengers departing from an airport located in the territory of a Member State to which the Treaty applies; (b) to passengers departing from an airport located in a third country to an airport situated in the territory of a Member State to which the Treaty applies, unless they received benefits or compensation and were given assistance in that third country, if the operating air carrier of the flight concerned is a Community carrier." ECJ held that must be interpreted as meaning that Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 applies to a passenger transport effected under a single booking and comprising, between its departure from an airport situated in the territory of a Member State and its arrival at an airport situated in the territory of a third State, a scheduled stopover outside the European Union with a change of aircraft. According to the Court, it is apparent from the regulation and case-law that when, as in the present case, two (or more) flights are booked as a single unit, those flights constitute a whole for the purposes of the right to compensation for passengers. Those flights must therefore be considered as one and the same connecting flight.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

This study examined the techniques of creating gardens overseas using native plants from the Korean peninsula, focusing on the case of 'Das Dritte Land', an art garden created in Berlin, Germany. While Korean garden artists are recognized worldwide and are planning to globalize Korean gardens, the purpose of this study is to share information so that Korean gardeners can expand their activities and rediscover the utilization and value of plants native to the Korean peninsula. The work began as part of a project to mark the 30th anniversary of the collapse of the Berlin Wall. To realize the landscape of Korea with the motif of Inwang Jesaekdo, the geographical shape of the Baekdu-Daegan trail was reproduced with black stone, and the naturalization of Korean peninsula species was utilized in the creation of a garden Berlin. It is a surreal bio-top utopia that blooms with the bio-groups of the Korean peninsula. This study examined the process of plant survey analysis, transportation and stabilization, planting planning, composition and monitoring, and targeting the self-growth of the Korean peninsula, which is a symbol of harmony between the South and the North. The planting of Korea's native plants in overseas gardens symbolizes the uniting of the ecosystems on the Korean peninsula. The process of the Korean peninsula's young plants taking root, flowering, and spreading along Germany's previously divided border metaphorically conveys the desire for the unification of the Korean peninsula. In addition, various art programs in the garden space suggest a foundation for cultural dialogue and communication between the two Koreas. Moreover, creating gardens overseas implies that the cooperation of plant research institutes plays an important role in the transfer of plants and the maintenance of life, while the advancement of Korean gardens overseas plays an essential role in the spread of garden culture in our country.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.18-43
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• 2011

The results of study on planting and cultivate of Hong Man-Seon(1643~1715)'s 'Salimkyungjae(The Economy of Forest)' the first summative textbook of agricultural skill of South Korea, are as follows. First, 'Salimkyungjae' suggests that one can enrich oneself, eat fruits in fall, enjoy the shade of trees in summer, and enjoy flowers in spring if one plants tree with 10 year plan with knowledge of ecology. Second, the number of plants had increased continuously from the early Chosun Dynasty to the mid Chosun Dynasty. The 52 plants in the book are classified into 31 trees, 8 shrubs, 3 others, and 10 herbs, and 28 of them are fruit trees. Hence, we can see that the book is for the promotion of welfare. Third, planting(transplantation) is the best on January of the lunar calendar, and the second on February, and fertile soil should be added much. Trees must be planted as deep as once it was planted, and buttressed. It will sprout well if it is planted at the depth of one inch, and planting a cutting should be carried out at the early March with 5 inch and finger-thick branches. Grafting is the best when it begins to sprout. Fruit trees will bear many fruits if they are grafted at the direction of South, and fruits will be greater if the trees' branches are cutting off on January. Especially, January was selected for the best season of planting traditionally. Fourth, flower trees are planted or sowed with manure around January and February of the lunar calendar, and it is recommended to replant them into flowerpots with manure when having flower buds around March and April of the lunar calendar. It would bloom earlier when using water mixed with stable manure, and sulfur smoke can be used in order to change the flower color from red to white. Flowerpots would be placed at half shaded lot with being supported by bricks. Pomegranate, gardenia, camellia and four-season flower should be planted after flowers fallen. When flower trees are beside walls, they need to be rotated frequently since their branches all point toward house. Seeds need to be preserved in a sunny hut, where its entrance and ventilating openings would be at south because it is convenient to manage pots. Fifth, insects hidden at fruit trees would be destroyed by torch smoke when roosters cry on New year's day of the lunar calendar. Insects would be decoyed into straw hanged at dawn of Cheongmyeongday(淸明日). Insects on fruit trees would be controlled using sulfur powder to close up holes or sulfur smoke to fumigate. Particularly, it suggests that utilization of fertile soil would be the best solution for growing health plants and preventing pest.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.611-620
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• 2007

The current study was designed to define whether a blend of prunus mume extract(25%) containing lactic acid(75%) and grape seed extract(10ppm) could affect in vitro antimicrobial activity and growth performance, intestinal microflora, plasma biochemical profiles and digestive enzymes activities in broiler chickens. In paper disc agar diffusion test, we clearly observed antimicrobial activity against E. coli in response to prunus mume extract or a blend of prunus mume extract. For in vivo test, a total of ninety six 3-d-old male broiler chicks were assigned to basal diet(CON), basal diet supplemented with antibiotics (ANTI) and 0.5% a blend of prunus mume extract(PRNUS) until 35 days of age. Throughout the entire experimental period(3-35 days), there were no differences in BW and FCR between the birds fed the basal diet with antibiotics and the diet supplemented with a blend of prunus mume. However, ANTI group showed a significant increase in BW and total gain compared to CON group. The weights of digestive organs such as the pancreas and mucosal tissues were not affected by dietary treatments. There was no difference in plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, AST and ALT activity. However, triglyceride in plasma increased(P<0.05) in the birds fed the diet supplemented with 0.5% a blend of prunus mume extract compared to those fed antibiotics supplemented diet. The activities of pancreatic trypsin and amylase, and intestinal hydrolase including disaccharidase were not affected by dietary treatment. The colony forming units(CFU) of lactobacillus in the lower ileal-cecum of the birds fed the diet supplemented with a blend of prunus mume extract was significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of birds fed antibiotic supplemented diet without affecting the CFU of E. coli. In conclusion, the birds fed the diet supplemented a blend of prunus mume as an alternative to antibiotics showed a similar growth performance and an significant increase in lactobacillus population compared with the birds fed basal and antibiotics supplemented diets.

• Clean Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2024

Jatropha oil extracted from the seeds of Nepalese Jatropha curcas, a non-edible crop, was used as a raw material and converted to biodiesel through a two-step process consisting of an esterification reaction and a transesterification reaction. Amberlyst-15 catalyst was applied to the esterification reaction between the free fatty acids contained in the Jatropha oil and methanol. The acid value of the Jatropha oil could be lowered from 11.0 to 0.26 mgKOH/g through esterification. Biodiesel was synthesized through a transesterification reaction between Jatropha oil with an acid value of 0.26 mgKOH/g and methanol over NaOH/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts. As the loading amount of NaOH increased from 3 to 25 wt%, the specific surface area decreased from 129 to 28 m²/g and the pore volume decreased from 0.249 to 0.129 cm³/g. The amount and intensity of base sites over the NaOH/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts increased simultaneously with the NaOH loading amount. It was confirmed that the optimal NaOH loading amount for the NaOH/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was 12 wt%. The optimal temperature for the transesterification reaction of Jatropha oil using the NaOH/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was selected to be 65 ℃. In the transesterification reaction of Jatropha oil using the NaOH/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst, the reaction rate was affected by external diffusion limitation when the stirring speed was below 150 RPM, however the external diffusion limitation was negligible at higher stirring speeds.