• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 1995

The kriging model, one of the geostatistical models, has been used to evaluate the deep-sea manganese nodule deposits until now. The distribution of the manganese nodule deposits estimated by the model shows the smooth surface as well as much difference from the actual distribution. Subsequently, it estimates the deposit distribution roughly in terms of the limited data of surveyed zone. Therefore, this paper presents the interpretation methodology of the deep-sea manganese nodule deposit distribution by using the fractal model to overcome the problems caused by the geostatistical model. Also, the manganese nodule distributions are interpreted by using the manganese nodule data sampled in the GH82-4 zone, west longitude $165^{\circ}40^{\prime}-169^{\circ}00^{\prime}$, and south latitude $0^{\circ}00^{\prime}-2^{\circ}40^{\prime}$ neighboring Nova-Canton Trough in the Pacific Ocean which was surveyed by the Geological Survey of Japan in 1982.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.505-514
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• 2014

The development of deep seabed manganese nodules has been carried out with the aim of commercial development in 2023. It is important to forecast the price of the four metals (copper, nickel, cobalt, and manganese) extracted from manganese nodules because price change is a criterion for investment decision. The main purpose of the study is to forecast the price of four metals using the ARIMA model and VAR model, and calculate the MAPE to compare a goodness-of-fit between the two models. The estimated results of the two models reveal statistical significance and are in keeping with economic theory. The results of MAPE for goodness-of-fit show that the VAR model is between 0.1 and 0.2, and the ARIMA model is between 0.4 and 0.6. That is, the VAR model is better than the ARIMA model in forecasting changes in the price of metals.

• ICROS
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.42-60
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• 1996

이 글에서는 원격제어 시스템의 역사, 적용에서 이론까지 간략하게 다루어 보았다. 과학기술이 발달하고 생활수준이 향상됨에 따라 인간은 소위 3D 직종을 기피하려는 경향을 갖게 되었다. 또한 작업환경의 변화가 심하고 위험한 심해저나 원자력 발전소, 우주공간에서의 작업 등은 인간이 맡게 되면 엄청난 인건비가 소요되고, 작업자의 안전을 보장할 수가 없게 된다. 로봇을 이용하여 이러한 작업들을 대치하게 될 경우 무엇보다도 작업자를 보호할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 순간적인 판단과 작업을 반복하거나 돌발적인 사고에 대처하는 능력이 로봇에게는 절대적으로 부족하기 때문에, 반대급부적으로 원격 제어 시스템의 가치가 점점 높아지고 있다. 원격 제어 시스템은 우주공간, 방사능 지역 등에서의 작업시 인간을 보호하고, 작업의 효율성 증대에 기여할 뿐만 아니라, 최근에 활발히 연구가 진행되고 있는 초정밀 로봇을 이용한 원격 수술(telesurgery)이나 사람이 들 수 없는 무게를 작업자의 의도대로 다룰 수 있게 하는 등 인간의 한계를 극복하는 데도 큰 몫을 담당할 것으로 기대되기 때문에 계속적인 연구를 필요로 하고 있다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.146-157
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• 1988

Properties of porosity, compressional wave velocity, velocity anisotropy, electrical resistivity, and resistivity anisotropy are measured and calculated for two DSDP clay-rich hemipelagic sequences in the northwestern Pacific. Velocity and resistivity increase with burial depth at the expense of decreasing porosity. Profiles of velocity anisotropy and resistivity anisotropy show almost the same trend. Horizontally developed low aspect ratio pores may generate velocity and resistivity anisotropy. The preferred orientation of clay minerals is also believed to be responsible for the observed anisotropy.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 1993

Sediment grain size was analysed and compared for standard solids and sediment samples using two different methods; SediGraph and MasterSizer. SediGraph results on sediment samples appeared as finer than those of MasterSizer, and the difference is great especially for biogenic siliceous ooze. The difference is maybe due to the following different points in two methods; pretreatment procedure, sample concentration, detachability on fine grains (about 1 um), and detection principle on nonspherical grains.

• ICROS
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.36-46
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• 2011

자율무인잠수정(Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, AUV)은 미국을 중심으로 1980년대부터 다양한 수중관련 기술의 발전과, 민군의 사용분야가 증가되면서 급속한 발전의 진전을 보았다. 특히, 과학기술의 발전과 군의 전투개념 변화로 요구되는 무기체계도 급속히 변화되면서 자율무인잠수정이 핵심무기체계로 부상하게 되었다. 군에서 효율적인 전장 관리와 사회의 인명 중시 경향은 무기체계를 유인시스템으로 전환시키고 있다. 자율무인잠수정은 심해저 자원탐사, 해양조사 등 민수분야뿐만 아니라 해군의 정보전, 기뢰전, 그리고 대잠전과 같은 성분 작전에서 핵심적 역할을 수행하게 되었다. 본 기고에서 1994년부터 자율무인잠수정 종합발전 계획을 수립하여 개발하고 있는 미 해군 운용개념을 분석하고 분석된 결과를 기초로 하여 미래 우리 해군에서 자율무인잠수정의 개발 및 운용을 위하여 필요한 핵심 기술을 자율제어, 센서 및 신호처리, 진수 및 hgl수. 수중항법, 수중통신, 그리고 에너지 등으로 구분하고 각각에 대하여 기술발전 동향을 고찰하고 기술개발을 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.94-99
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• 2002

최근 들어 해양개발에 관심이 고조되면서 심해저의 진출이 늘어날 것으로 보이며 또한 환경에 미치는 영향 등으로 부유식 소파제의 이용이 늘어날 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 부유식 소파제는 고정식 방파제의 문제점을 상당히 해소할 수 있는 반면 아직까지 완전히 이해되고 해결되지 못한 부정적인 면도 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 부유식 소파제의 설계시 이용 가능한 정보를 얻고자 부유식 소파제의 형상과 파수에 따른 투과율에 대해 원형과 사각형 그리고 catamaran을 비교하였으며 사각형에 있어서는 계류삭의 위치에 따른 차이점을 비교하였다. 또한 catamaran 부소 파제의 후면에 catamaran 구조물이 있는 경우 즉, Dual catamaran의 운동에 대해서도 고찰하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.26-31
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• 1979

The Natural Gas and petroleum have the same Origin, Namely, Ocean bottom deposits of the marine plant, plankton which are subdued to the biological action of the bacterium under the anaerobic circumstance, and changed to the hydrocarbon gas and oils. and such resources are appeared in the aqueous sedimentary rocks in the tertiary. There are three types of gas field, which are oil well gas field, structural gas field and water soluble gas field.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.187-210
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• 2009

Space law(or outer space law) and the law of the sea are branches of international law dealing with activities in geographical ares which do not or do only in part come under national sovereignty. Legal rules pertaining to the outer space and sea began to develop once activities emerged in those areas: amongst others, activities dealing with transportation, research, exploration, defense and exploitation. Naturally the law of the sea developed first, followed, early in the twentieth century, by air law, and later in the century by space law. Obviously the law of the sea, of the air and of outer space influence each other. Ideas have been borrowed from one field and applied to another. This article examines some analogies and differences between the outer space law and the law of the sea, especially from the perspective of the legal status, the exploration and exploitation of the natural resources and environment. As far as the comparisons of the legal status between the outer space and high seas are concerned the two areas are res extra commercium. The latter is res extra commercium based on both the customary international law and treaty, however, the former is different respectively according to the customary law and treaty. Under international customary law, whilst outer space constitutes res extra commercium, celestial bodies are res nullius. However as among contracting States of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, both outer space and celestial bodies are declared res extra commercium. As for the comparisons of the exploration and exploitation of natural resources between the Moon including other celestial bodies in 1979 Moon Agreement and the deep sea bed in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the both areas are the common heritage of mankind. The latter gives us very systematic models such as International Sea-bed Authority, however, the international regime for the former will be established as the exploitation of the natural resources of the celestial bodies other than the Earth is about to become feasible. Thus Moon Agreement could not impose a moratorium, but would merely permit orderly attempts to establish that such exploitation was in fact feasible and practicable, by allowing experimental beginnings and thereafter pilot operations. As Professor Carl Christol said until the parties of the Moon Agreement were able to put into operation the legal regime for the equitable sharing of benefits, they would remain free to disregard the Common Heritage of Mankind principle. Parties to one or both of the agreements would retain jurisdiction over national space activities. In so far as the comparisons of the protection of the environment between the outer space and sea is concerned the legal instruments for the latter are more systematically developed than the former. In the case of the former there are growing tendencies of concerning the environmental threats arising from space activities these days. There is no separate legal instrument to deal with those problems.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.666-671
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• 2012

Gas hydrates are inclusion compounds formed when small-sized guest molecules are incorporated into the well defined cages made up of hydrogen bonded water molecules. Since large masses of natural gas hydrates exist in permafrost regions or beneath deep oceans, these naturally occurring gas hydrates in the earth containing mostly $CH_4$ are regarded as future energy resources. The heat of dissociation is one of the most important thermal properties in exploiting natural gas hydrates. The accurate and direct method to measure the dissociation enthalpies of gas hydrates is to use a calorimeter. In this study, the high pressure micro DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) was used to measure the dissociation enthalpies of methane, ethane, and propane hydrates. The accuracy and repeatability of the data obtained from the DSC was confirmed by measuring the dissociation enthalpy of ice. The dissociation enthalpies of methane, ethane, and propane hydrates were found to be 54.2, 73.8, and 127.7 kJ/mol-gas, respectively. For each gas hydrate, at given pressures the dissociation temperatures which were obtained in the process of enthalpy measurement were compared with three-phase (hydrate (H) - liquid water (Lw) - vapor (V)) equilibrium data in the literature and found to be in good agreement with literature values.