• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

The architectural influence from the Yuan had impact on the Goryeo Dynasty in earnest during Yuan intervention period in the 14th century. The representative examples which were influenced by the Yuan architecture are the Eungjinjeon in Seongbulsa(成佛寺) temple, the ten-story stone pagoda of Gyeoncheonsa(敬天寺) temple site, the Bogwangjeon in Simwonsa(心源寺) temple, the Hoeamsa(檜巖寺) temple and so on. Notwithstanding the changes of relationship between two countries, it can be comprehended that there was a selective acceptance of the Yuan architectural peculiarities in Goryeo Dynasty. It means that the adoption of foreign culture in Korea has not been inevitable from the unilateral demand, but been autonomous by perceiving as the advanced culture. This tendency was maintained even though the government had been changed.

• 주택과사람들
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• s.190
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• pp.90-97
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• 2006

수천 년간 우리 민족의 영안을 위해 애써온 공존의 주거 문화 한옥. 온 가족이 오순도순 사는 삶의 터전인 한옥이 콘크리트 벽에 가로막혀 그 기운을 잃어가고 있다. 우리 고유의 문화를 고스란히 간직한 현대 한옥을 테마로 한옥 문화를 재해석하고자 한다. 안동 하회마을의 심원정사를 시작으로 양평의 상곡당 등 순차적으로 엮어낸다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

The results of investigation on the spatial composition and landscape characteristics of Shimwon-pavilion garden built and enjoyed by Jo Byeong-sun in 1937 during the period of Japanese colonialism based on 'Shimwon-pavilion Soosukgii(水石記)' and 'Shimwon-pavilion Poem of 25 Sceneries(二十五詠)' contained in 'Anthology of Giheon(寄軒)' are as follows. 1. Shimwon-pavilion garden is assumed as Byeol-Seo garden based on the planning background and contents of Gimun and the observations on spot. By its location, it is classified as 'Planted forest' with a pine forest in the north and 'Byeol-Seo of mooring type' with Guyacheon flowing in the garden. It is about 400m away from the main house in the straight-line distance. 2. The meaning and attributes of reclusiveness are well represented in the 'screening structures' all around Shimwon-pavilion garden with Hakrimsan, a Gasan(假山) in the north, vines on Chwibyeong(翠屛) in the east and west, Eunbyeong(隱屛) of stone walls along with Guyacheon in the south, which shows the spirit of Giheon who adored the Taoistic life. 3. Shimwon-pavilion garden, located in the Songrimsa, a temple of thousand years, is a place of consilience where Buddhism was accepted, Taoistic life was pursued with Tao Yuan-ming's philosophy regarding rural areas and romantic sensibilities of Li Po, called poem master(詩仙), the confucian values of Zhu Xi were realized. Giheon intended to build and enjoy this place as a microcosm and shelther where he unfolded his own view of learning and cultivated his mind. 4. 25 sceneries on Shimwon-pavilion consist of 5 sceneries in the space of pavilion(architecture) and 20 sceneries in the outer garden. First, 5 sceneries consist of ancillary rooms for various uses, including Jeongunru, Amsushil, Wiryujae, Iyeoldang, and Jeong-Gak Shimwon-pavilion embracing them, which shows that Shimwon-pavilion is a place to foster younger students. And 20 scenary is divided into 9 sceneries on the natural spaces and 11 artificially created facilities. 9 sceneries are engraved on the rocks as described in 'Seokgyeonggi'. 5. 4 sceneries of the indoor scenery lexemes(亭閣 心遠亭 怡悅堂 停雲樓 闇修室) were intended to be recognized by the framed pictures, 5 places among the scenery lexemes in garden(龜巖 醒石 隱屛 兩忘臺 東槃) by letters carved on the rocks, and 8 places(君子沼 杞泉 天光雲影橋 芳園 槐岡 柳堤 石扉 東翠屛) by sign stones, but signs of 8 sceneries are not currently identified because they have been be swept away and demolished. 6. A variety of plant landscapes with various meanings and water landscape with various types are contained in 25 sceneries - Sophora symbolizing a tree for scholar in Gehgang(槐岡), Willow symbolizing Tao Yuanming and continued vitality in Yooje(柳堤), Boxthorn symbolizing family togetherness in spring(杞泉), vines and herbal plants and waterfalls(隱瀑), shallow pond(君子沼), pond(湯池), water hole(杞泉), water flowing in the middle of rock(盤陀石), water flowing between the rocks(水口巖). 7. While Shimwon-pavilion garden is a garden near the water, the active involvements with 11 sceneries directly built is distinguished. The other pavilion gardens are faithful in engraving the names by setting the scenery lexemes of the nature-oriented Gyeong(景) and Gok(曲) near and far, but Shimwon-pavilion garden is a garden for active learning(修景) with the spaces built to match with the beautiful nature and to show the depths of space off.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.321-326
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• 1997

본 논문은 3차원 그래픽 환경을 인터넷상에서 지원해 주는 VRML 2.0 명세를 이용 하여 만들어진 VRML 코드를 Parsing하여 화면에 3차원으로 브라우징 하는 웹브라우저인 사이버 뷰어 개발에 관한 것으로써, 마이크로 소프트사의 3차원 그래픽 라이브러리인 Direct 3D를 사용하여 개발하였다. 사이버 뷰어는 3차원 인터페이스 상에서 간단한 마우스 조작으로, 카메라 시점을 조정하여 Walking, Driving, Flying 등의 Navigation을 지원한다. 또한, Route와 Interpolation 기능을 통하여 각 객체들에 대한 병렬적인 이벤트 처리를 통하 여 실시간 대화형의 환경을 제공해준다.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.52
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• pp.131-155
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• 2017

While the lecture activities in Simwonsa, Ganjae Jeon Wu(1841~1922) has established a "law of lecture activities" which was an ritual between a teacher and pupil, between the couple. Through this way he expected to recover the former ritual, even within their own school. In 1884 he built a "law of Sidong school", meaning to build a large object, elementary scholarship will serve as the rules of conduct, and argued that human nature mainly served to the core in the course of study. Ganjae in Mungyeong area was also discussing studies with Song Byeong-hwa(1852~1916) and received correspondence with scholars in areas related to Mungyeong. They were Kim Jae-kyung(1841~1926) and Park Se-hwa (1834~1910). Ganjae had also some big national events on the sojourn time in Mungyeong. In 1882 there were army incident, in 1884 there were a command of the government that people must pull on western clothes. Ganjae did not follow the command of the government. Someone asked "Can we not follow the command of the government?" Ganjae replied "We have a right to resist to the illegal command of the government. There were also 1884's Gapsin-coup, Ganjae saw that we must defend the country by rejecting foreign power and keeping our rituals. Given the above, the timing that Ganjae lectured in Mungyeong personally was a time that provided a clue to establish his core ideas. Nationally it was a time that must defend the country from foreign nations. Ganjae had faith that for keeping the country we must keep firmly our own rituals.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.395-416
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• 2016

This study analyzes periodic phenomena on publication and characteristics of Buddhist scriptures engraved on woodblock in temples located in Hwanghae Province during the Joseon Dynasty period in bibliographic approach. There are total 85 Buddhist scriptures published in Hwanghae Province, 5 scriptures among them including Yonggamsugyeong appear to be engraved on woodblock only in temples in Hwanghae Province. They, published in 64 printings during the early days of the Joseon Dynasty, occupy 75% of total Buddhist scriptures, and are analyzed to be intensively published with the support of royal family members such as Queen Munjeong in the reign of King Myeongjong. However, as the publication displayed a sharply declining tendency in the late Joseon period after the Japanese invasion, it is understood to be identical with historical fact that the people's livelihood in Hwanghae Province closed to ruin through invasions from Japan and Manchuria. In addition, the analysis on characteristics of these Buddhist scriptures by subject indicates that over 80% of them are generally sacred books and dogmas. In fact, woodblock engraving works in temples emphasize on the duty of an engraver, and many engravers are investigated that they engraved only 2 to 3 Buddhist scriptures in temples located in Hwanghae Province. Doseong and Suyeon can be regarded as remarkable itinerant monks as they were appeared to engrave Buddhist scriptures in not only Hwanghae Province and also other regions by moving from one place to another. This study is expected to be meaningful as a paper that can be used on future studies to compare Buddhist scriptures engraved on woodblock in other regions in North Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.294-304
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• 2021

This study aims to obtain basic data for systematic restoration by analyzing the monitoring results of the Shimwon Valley Ecological Landscape Restoration Project area in Jirisan National Park. In 2017, when the restoration project was completed, 12 monitoring plots and 4 control plots were installed for vegetation monitoring, and changes in the relative dominance, species diversity index and similarity between 2017 and 2020 were analyzed. The species diversity index of the surveyed areas where trees were planted during the restoration project was 0-1.4552, and the similarity index with the control group was 0% except for one survey area at 1.32%. The very low species diversity index and similarity index in the survey areas were attributed to the loss of trees planted during the restoration project due to death, damage by wild boars, or erosion by running water. On the other hand, the species diversity index was 0.9538-2.3222 in the monitoring plot where no tree was planted, and the similarity index was analyzed to be as high as 8.33%. It is necessary to continue the long-term monitoring for the development of ecological landscape restoration methods in the national park and analysis of the succession in monitoring plots where no trees were planted.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 2007

66 micropollutants analyses in 9 wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) along Nak-dong river were implemented to identify the concentrations and removal efficiencies before and after treatment processes. As a result of study, the concentration levels discharged from WWTP effluents to water system were below the water quality criteria and the levels of other studies. The removal efficiencies were 84.6%(DAF/CCR) and 81.6%(AC) for 1,4-dioxane. Phenol, Clphs and PAHs were removed 94.6%, 66.4% and 80.6% respectively by the activated sludge(AS) process. The removal efficiencies of Clbzs were 45.3% for the activated sludge(AS) process and 60.6% for the activated carbon(AC) process. However, other processes besides AS and AC, the removal efficiencies of Clbzs were very low(<20%). The sand filtration(SF) process that could remove particle matters showed the best efficiency for PCDDs / Fs removal$(\geq99%)$. However, in case of relatively low PCDDs/Fs concentration level in influent, the removal efficiency was not so high$(\leq50%)$.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.30
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• pp.9-20
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to consider factors such as one's sight of viewing afar, expressional principles, and basic aesthetic category, which are treated importantly by the poets of the Joseon Dynasty era in appreciating nature. 'Afar' of the viewing afar is actual distance and aesthetic distance at the same time. Viewing afar is to find geographical features, depth, and details of a mountain, seeing the whole nature at a high place. Also, it can make possible escape from the external limitation of nature and get mental superiority and enhancement. Ultimately, viewing afar is to find out everlasting change of the nature and reason of natural creation. One's sight in viewing afar makes an appreciator's mind empty and calm, and it makes chance to harmonize human with nature. Viewing afar is to unite human nature to naturality beyond realistic value, idea, and artificiality. The mind from viewing afar has peacefulness and it is a state of serenity without any secular atmosphere. Viewing afar is an eye for beauty to leap toward an endless free state from narrow sight about objects. It rejects modification and technics in achieving an world of harmony. It means that objects should not be restrained by human's recognition. There are three expressions, which are high, horizontal, and transcendental viewing afar. The aesthetic category and beauty of peaceful mental state are realized by the expressions. The peaceful mental state makes peaceful mind from realistic conflicts and makes us experience a profound reason of nature.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

The inverted Y-shaped strip detection method based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was developed for the rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. The inactivation of AChE by organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides has been well known. The AChE catalyzes acetylthiocholine into thiocholine having (-) and (+) charges, and the (+) charge results in aggregation of gold nanoparticle (GNP). Malaoxon and carbofuran were used as standard organophosphorus and carbamate for the development of the inverted Y-shaped strip, respectively. In order to optimize the method, various angles of the Y-shaped strip, different types of nitrocellulose membrane, and concentration of AChE were tested as key parameters. The detection limit of the method was 10 ng/mL for both malaoxon and carbofuran pesticides. No cross-reaction was observed to other pesticides such as atrazine, cyanazine, simazine, bifenthrin, boscalid, metalaxyl, and chlorobenzilate. Recoveries from lettuce spiked when known concentrations of malaoxon and carbofuran were found ranging from 96.4 to 100.7% and 81 to 112.7%, respectively. This study suggests that the inverted Y-shaped strip method based on AChE may be a useful tool for the sensitive, specific, rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in agricultural products.