• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2008

Background: Conventional ascending aortic cross clamping is often limited. This study was carried out to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an endovascular aortic clamping technique with an intraaortic balloon catheter. Material and Method: From April 2004 to January 2007, surgery with endoaortic clamping was performed in seven patients. A retrograde access perfusion (RAP) catheter was used in six patients and a Pruitt's balloon catheter in two patients. The indication for the operation was a retrosternal pseudoaneurysm of the aortic root in six patients, diffuse calcification of the ascending aorta with aortic regurgitation in 2 patients and an atrial septal defect in one patient. Five patients had at least two prior cardiac surgeries. Result: Successful insertion of the catheter and endoaortic clamping was achieved in all patients. Conclusion: The endovascular aortic clamping technique with a balloon catheter was a useful alternative method for patients in whom conventional cardiac surgery was limited.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.189-201
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• 2008

Dr. George Schimert, born in 1918 in Switzerland, received his medical degrees from universities in Hungary and in Germany. After immigration to the United States, he continued medical training at several hospitals. In 1956, for pursuit of cardiac surgery, he had joined the group headed by Dr. Walt Lillehei at the University of Minnesota. During this period, in 1958, he joined Seoul National University Hospital as a overall medical adviser and adviser in surgery for 15 months in partnership with the University of Minnesota Medical School. During his stay in Korea, in addition to the works in the medical administration and education, he contributed to the early establishment of thoracic surgery program. In August 6, 1959, he performed open heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass for an ASD patient at Seoul National University Hospital. However, the patient died 6 hours after the operation. In 1960, after returning to the United States, he began his career at Buffalo General Hospital as the first director of its cardiac surgery program. In 1985, the Dr. George Schimert Lectureship and Medical Conference was established to honor his contributions and achievements. He died December 7, 2002.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.2 s.271
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• pp.128-131
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• 2007

da $Vinci^{TM}$ Surgical System is an advanced mode of minimal invasive surgery, using 3-dimensional imaging system and robotic arms which can mimic the dexterity of the human hand. Thus, various operations can be performed with minimal incision and limited surgical field and the merits of minimal invasive surgery can be maximized by using it. We report our first experience of robotic open heart surgery using the da $Vinci^{TM}$ Surgical System for repairing atrial septal defect.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2023

A brain abscess is a potentially life-threatening infection of the brain that can be challenging to diagnose, especially in children. In this report, we describe a case of a central nervous system infection caused by rare pathogens in an immunocompetent child. A 10-year-old female presented with a severe headache lasting 10 days, along with flashing lights, nausea, and vomiting. The patient was diagnosed with secundum atrial septal defect 7 years ago and underwent dental work for cavities one month prior to admission. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 4.2 cm sized brain abscess in the right parietal lobe, causing left inferior quadrantanopia. A craniotomy and abscess aspiration surgery were performed, and cultures from the aspirated pus and tissue revealed Aggregatibacter aphrophilus. Additionally, Actinomyces georgiae was identified through 16S rRNA sequencing. After 8 weeks of antimicrobial therapy with ampicillin-sulbactam, the patient was discharged without any complications. A follow-up brain MRI showed complete resolution of the abscess and edema.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.307-310
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• 2003

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is congenital heart disease with a communication between the atria, which allows blood to shoot from the atrium with pressure. A 3-month-old female Miniature Schunauzer was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University for the evaluation of systolic heart murmur. At presentation, the mucous membrane was cyanotic. On physical examination, an ejection-type systolic murmur was auscultated at the pulmonic area. In addition, thoracic radiography showed enlargement of main pulmonary artery and right atrial/ventricular enlargement. Echocardiography revealed dilated right atrium and atrial septal defect. However, mitral and tricuspid valve were still intact and well tolerating. The presence of an ASD was confirmed by identifying flow across the defect with color Doppler imaging. Doppler echocardiography provides a means of non-invasive documentation and quantification of ASD. Complete blood count and serum chemistry were not remarkable. Although large defect was confirmed between the two atrium, the patient did not show any obvious clinical signs of heart failure at this time.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.445-450
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• 1991

Forty eight patients diagnosed as atrial septal defect, had been operated from April 1986 to December 1990 at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Inha University Hospital, were analysed retrospectively. Of the 48 patients, 12 patients, were male and 36 patients were female, Their ranged from 8 months to 51 years old, and the mean was 18.0 years old. The proceeding two symptoms were exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection. But 10 patients [20.8%] were asymptomatic. Electrocardiographic findings were regular sinus rhythm in 100.0%, RVH in 29.2%, incomplete RBBB in 27.1%, and first degree AV block in 2.1%. Hemodynamic studies were performed in 38 of 48 patients. Significant pulmonary hypertension[over 50mmHg in systolic pulmonary arterial pressure], which is the most serious risk factor, was developed in 4 patients[8.3%]. There was statistical significance between size of defect[cm2/BSA-M2] and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure[sPAP] retrospectively[p=0.036]. We could not find the correlationship between age and Qs % size. Anatomically, secundum type constituted 97.9%, in which 43 patients were PFO type[91.6%] and 3 patients were IVC type[6.3%]. 38 of 48 ASD patients were repaired with patch closure[72.9%] and remains were repaired with direct closure[27.1%]. The operative result was excellent except two cases of transient postoperative arrhythmia. There was no operative mortality.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 1975

Up to October 31, 1975, 34 cases of atrial septal defect, secundum type, operated in this department, were presented. This is 23.2% of all congenital heart diseases, operated utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass, in this department during this period [34 out of 146]. Out of 34 cases, 32 cases are pure ostium secundum type and one case is sinus venosus and another one is ostium secundum type with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Six cases of endocardial cushion defect and 3 cases of trilogy of Fallot are excluded in this report. All 34 cases are repaired under direct vision utilizing extracorporeal circulation. Among 34 cases of atrial septal defect, 16 cases are male, and 18 cases are female. Their ages range between 3 to 48 years, but over 59% of the cases are below the ages of 20 years. Thirty-two cases are repaired by direct sutures while 2 cases are repaired with Teflon patches. The average perfusion time is 30 minutes; the shortest 12 and the longest 81 minutes. The number of the defect is single in 31 cases, double in 2 cases, triple in one case. But the associated defect except the main defect are so small as can be closed by simple direct suture. The size of the defect is average $12cm^2$; the smallest 0.7 and the largest $25cm^2$. The surgical mortality is 2 cases [5.6%] and other cases are found to be excellent in the follow up studies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 1992

From Oct. 1983 to Dec. 1991, 135 cases of atrial septal defect which were operated at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascualr Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, were analysed retrospectively. They were 23.7% of all congenital heart diseases operated in the same period. Among the 135 cases, 62 cases were male and 73 cases were female. Their ages were ranged from 2 to 54 years and the mean was 18 years old. Main symptoms at admission were exertional dyspnea[70.37%], frequent URI[49.12%] and palpitation[32.59%], but 12 cases[8.88%] were asymptomatic. Electrocardiographic findings wer regular sinus rhythm in 96.99%, RVH in 64.66%, incomplete RBBB in 27.06%, complete RBBB in 42.10%, and first degree AV block in 9.02% All 135 cases were operated under the direct vision with cardiopulmonary bypass. Anatomically, most frequent type was fossa ovalis defect with complete septal rim[78.52%]. 117 of 135 ASD patients were repaired with pathch closure[86.66%] and 14 patients were repaired with direct closure[10.37%] and 4 patients in mutiple ASD were repaired with patch and direct closure[2.96%]. Postoperative complications were occured in 21 cases[15.56%], and they were wound infection, pleural effusion, postoperative bleeding, urinary tract infection, and heart failure mainly. One case died due to epidural hematoma and operative mortality was 0.74%.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.811-816
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• 1995

Repairs of atrial septal defect utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass were performed in 50 adults, ranging age from 16 to 53 years, since April 1986 up to October 1994. They occupied 38.8% of all adult congenital heart disease operated in the same period. Preoperatively, 16 patients were functional class II, 12 patients class III and 4 patients class IV[New York Heart Association Classification , respectively. Five patients combined with atrial fibrillation and the remainders revealed regular sinus rhythm. Cardiac catheterizations were performed in 43 out of 50 patients, and revealed a systolic pulmonary arterial pressure in excess of 51 mmHg in 4 patients but none had reversed shunt. 40 patients[80% were repaired with patch closure and remainings were repaired with direct closure. 49 patients were followed up for 2 months up to 102 months[average 55 months . A comparison of the preoperative and postoperative functional class demonstrated a mean decrease of one NYHA functional level[2.5$\pm$0.63 to 1.4$\pm$0.56 . There was no operative mortality. One patient died during the follow-up period and the death was unrelated to heart disease. Operative treatment is indicated for repair of atrial septal defect with left to right shunt in the adult patient and a considerable clinical improvement can be anticipitated with low mortality.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 1985

From Jun. 1980 to Mar. 1984, 33 cases of atrial septal defect, secundum type, operated at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, were analyzed retrospectively. They were 24.3% of all congenital heart diseases operated in the same period. Among the 33 cases, 17 cases were males and 16 cases were females. Their ages were ranged from 4 to 42 years and cases of over 15 years of age were 60.6%. Main symptoms at admission were exertional dyspnea [69.7%], palpitation [63.6%] and frequent upper respiratory infections [51.5%], but 2 cases [6.1%] were asymptomatic. All 33 cases were operated under the direct vision with cardiopulmonary bypass. All cases were secundum type defect of atrial septal defect and single defect were in 29 cases [90.6%], and oval type defect were in 31 cases [96.9%]. In 7 cases [21.9%], other lesions of cardiovascular system were associated, and the most common lesion was pulmonic valvular stenosis [4 cases; 12.5%]. The defects were closed directly in 27 cases and in 6 cases with Dacron patch. Postoperative complications were occurred in 8 cases [24.2%], and they were pleural effusion, congestive heart failure, and alopecia mainly. One case died due to air embolism postoperatively and operative mortality was 3.1%.