• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.463-470
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• 2007

There have been many studies on patients who suffer from anxiety disorders. However, there is been not enough attention on the difference in the level of between the two populations with and without anxiety disorders. This study was performed to investigate the difference in the ANS responses induced by fear in children. Experimental procedures were as follow: All subjects were in upper grade levels in elementary school. ANX(anxiety) scales of PIC(Personality Inventory for Children) were used to measure fear anxiety. Audio-visual clips were used as stimulus to provoke fear emotion. Baseline of physiological signals, ECG, PPG, EDA, and SKT, were measured for 30 seconds before the fear stimulus. Physiological signals were then recorded for 2 minutes while fear is evoked. Psychological and physiological responses were analyzed. All the children reacted to the fear stimulus with high intensity of fear. Physiological responses showed that SKT, SCR, NSCR, HR, RSA, RESP, HF were increased, while R-R was significantly decreased, respectively, during the period of fear induction. Analysis of the level of anxiety and the physiological responses produced by the experience of fear revealed a statistically significant positive correlation in SKT, HR, and RSA. In other words, the higher the level of anxiety, the higher the levels of SKT, HR, and RSA when children experienced fear in conclusion, it is confirmed through this research that physiological responses to fear is associated with the level of anxiety each individual.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

To inspect how the different sensitivities in BAS(or BIS) modulate on the HRV pattern stimulated by positive or negative affective sound, we measured the electrocardiogram(ECG) of 25 students(male : 14), consisted of 4 groups depending on the BAS(or BIS) sensitivity, during listening meditation music or being exposed to noise. The power spectral density(PSD) of HRV was derived from the ECG, and the power of HRV was calculated for 3 major frequency ranges(low frequency[LF], medium frequency[MF], and high frequency[HF]). We found that the index of MF/(LF+HF), during listening music, was higher significantly in the individuals with a low BIS but high BAS than in the individuals with a low sensitivity in both BIS and BAS. Especially in the former group, there was a tendency that the index was higher during listening music than during being exposed to noise. For individuals with a high BIS, regardless of the BAS sensitivity, the difference of this index values was not significant. From these results we suggest that individuals with a low BIS but high BAS are more sensitive to positive affective stimuli than other groups, and the index of MF/(LF+HF) is applicable to evaluate positive and negative affects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Statistical Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.299-304
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 자궁 내 태아의 발육지연이 주산기 사망률 및 이환율을 증가시키는 고위험 임신의 한 예로써, 태아 발육제한증과 관련한 비선형적인 자료를 통계적인 방법으로 접근하는데 초점을 두었다. 이에 정상태아와 발육제한증 태아를 판별하기 위한 분석을 실시함에 있어 신경망 이론 중 하나인 다층 퍼셉트론 모형으로 예측하고자 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.444-446
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• 2009

현재 대다수의 맥박(또는 심박) 측정 장치는 electrodes와 PPG로 국한되어 있다. 그러나 electrodes는 착용자의 불편감과 수입 의존성에 의한 높은 가격이라는 단점을 가지고 있으며, PPG는 동잡음에 약하다는 단점을 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 PPG와 flexible sensor를 동시 적용하여 상호 작용하게 함으로서 각 센서들의 단점을 보완 해줄 수 있는 하이브리드형의 맥박 측정 장치에 대하여 연구하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.355-358
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 아동이 유머와 슬픔을 느낄 때 나타나는 자율신경계 및 안면근육반응의 차이를 밝히고자 하였다. 11-13세의 아동 47명(남: 23명, 여: 24명)에게 각 정서를 유발하는 동영상 자극을 2분 동안 제시하고, 이때의 심리반응과 생리반응(SKT, EDA, ECG, EMG)을 측정하였다. 각 정서는 적합하고 효과적으로 유발되었고, 자율신경계반응에서는 유머가 슬픔보다 피부 전도수준, 피부전도반응, 피부전도반응의 수, 심박률분산에서 유의하게 큰 반응을 보였다. 반면 피부온도는 유머에 비하여 슬픔에서 크게 증가하였다. 안면근육반응 결과, 유머가 Orbicularis oris muscle에서 슬픔보다 더 큰 근육활동의 증가를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 아동은 유머와 슬픔에서 서로 다른 자율신경계와 안면근육의 반응을 보였다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.197-202
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• 2016

In this paper, a danger signal to tell caregivers when a dangerous situation occurs, the bio-signal analysis in infants to prevent sudden infant death sudden infant death propose a monitoring system. The Sudden infant death (SID) refers to a healthy baby is unexplained deaths between birth year in the month. Sudden infant death proposed monitoring system is composed of a processor unit and the monitoring and alarm part for processing part and the biological signal sensing biological signals. Using the PPG sensor to sense the bio-signal and the processor unit the signal obtained through the sensor by removing the motion artifact was able to alarm and monitoring the parent.The proposed system will send the alarm to monitoring and alerting caregivers if the risk situation by analyzing the heart rate of the infant. With the actual implementation of the system to evaluate the performance of the monitoring system.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2002

PURPOSE: Estrogen replacement therapy is indicated for the relief of hot flushes and urogenital atrophy, the prevention of osteoporosis and the reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study assessed by blood pressure, heart rate variability, and climacteric symptoms in menopausal women before treatment and at 1 month during estrogen replacement therapy. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 16 healthy menopausal women (range 49 to 59 years, mean : 53.4 years) attending menopausal clinics for the complaint of climateric symptoms at S. hospital in Chunchoen. They were all non-smokers and no patient had symptoms or evidence of cardiovascular disease. They took estrogen replacement therapy (conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg with or without medroxy progesteron 2.5mg) for 1 month. Blood pressure, heart rate variability(heart period and vagal tone) through ECG, and climacteric symptom were measured in all subjects before treatment and at 1 month during treatment. Climacteric symptom questionnaire which was developed by Neugarten et al.(1963) was modified with 20 items of question(Cronbach's alpha = 88 -.89). The data was collected from Sept. 1. 2000 to July. 30. 2001. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic pressure between the baseline and at 1 month during treatment. The mean heart period and vagal tone were slightly increased, but difference of mean heart period and vagal tone were not statistically significant between the baseline and at 1 month during treatment. The score of climacteric symptoms decreased significantly from the baseline after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Even though, this study did not show that estrogen replacement therapy led decrease of blood pressure and increase heart rate variability, climacteric symptoms reduced much in all subjects after taking drugs. These results suggest that there is need to repeat study with long term period.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2012

Purpose: A study was designed to compare heart rate variability (HVR) of older adults with postprandial hypotension (PPH) with older adults with no PPH. Methods: The samples were community-dwelling older adults (${\geq}$ 60 years old) with PPH (n=35) and without PPH (n=35). HRV was measured by 10 minutes of electrocardiography using Physiolab 400 and analyzed in time domain (SDNN) and with power spectral analysis in frequency domain (TP, LF, HF, LF/HF). Blood pressure was measured every 15 minutes before and until 120 minutes after the meal. Results: All HRV parameters were lower in the PPH group compared to those with no PPH. Specifically the measures of SDNN, TP, LF, and LF/HF of the PPH group were significantly lower (U=385.0, $p$=.008; U=361.0, $p$=.003; U=375.0, $p$=.005; U=368.0, $p$=.004, respectively). Further, the LF and LF/HF of SBP (${\geq}140$ mmHg) group and the LF/HF of DBP (${\geq}$ 90 mmHg) group were significantly lower ($x^2$=6.33, $p$=.042; $x^2$=33.10, $p$ <.001; $x^2$=11.03, $p$=.004, respectively). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the autonomic nervous functions in persons with PPH are less activated than those persons with no PPH. The findings contribute to an understanding of HRV and the association of autonomic nervous function with the mechanism of PPH.