• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.617-647
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• 2015

The purposes of this study was to develop a valid scale measuring organization-related anxiety and to use this scale to examine the relation of organizational anxiety to demographic variables, job satisfaction and organizational committment. A series of studies were conducted to develop a scale for organizational anxiety. Initially, the 97 items were adopted by expert ratings. A exploratory factor analysis with a sample of 435 workers yielded a preliminary version of organizational anxiety scale with 28 items. Subsequently, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with a sample of 566 workers, leaving 20 items. The final version of the organizational anxiety scale consisted of 4 sub-factors: perception of future uncertainty, perception of locus of control, interpersonal anxiety, and perception of alternatives. In this study, the examined demographic characteristics included sex, age, type of occupation, type of industry, occupational position, monthly income and educational level. Organizational effectiveness was composed of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. As mediators, organizational culture, life satisfaction, self efficacy, and social support were explored. The negative relationship was observed between organizational anxiety and organizational effectiveness. The results showed the significant differences in organizational anxiety by demographic characteristics. The mediators were explored for the relationship between organizational anxiety and job satisfaction and between organizational anxiety and organizational commitment. The negative relationship between organizational anxiety and job satisfaction was mediated by the group culture, the developmental culture, the rational culture, life satisfaction, self-efficacy, and social support. Individuals with the higher level of these mediators reported greater job satisfaction even if they experienced organizational anxiety. The partial mediation effect of the group culture, the developmental culture, the rational culture, life satisfaction, and social support was observed on the negative relationship between organizational anxiety and organizational commitment. These results implies that job satisfaction and organizational commitment can be improved with the interventions on organizational cultures, self-efficacy, and social support despite the presence of organizational anxiety. Based on these results, the implication and limitations of this study and the directions for future research discussed.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.188-195
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of aromatherapy on stress using meta-analysis. Methods: Meta-analysis was done with 21 published studies, and data were analyzed with the SAS 9.1 program. Results: Fifty eight effect size was estimated with data from 21 published studies. Overall mean effect size (ES), and mean effect size of dependence variables according to the type of intervention and subject and according to the total amount of time spent in aromatherapy were estimated. Overall mean effect size of the effects of aromatherapy was .593, and the subjective stress (.983) was most effective in the physiological faculty, followed by mean effect size of cortisol (.648) and pulse (.40). On the other hand, mean effect size of systolic blood pressure (.490) was moderate, and that of diastolic blood pressure (.401) was not large. Mean effect size of elderly (.706) cancer patients was considerable(.337). There were significant differences depending on the subjects. With regards to the types of aromatherapy, the effect size of aroma massage combined with inhalation therapy was .590, and there were no significant differences between the intervention methods. With regards to the time of intervention, $20{\sim}30$ minutes spent in aromatherapy was .730, and there were no significant differences between the times of intervention. The relationship between the effect size and intervention frequency was r=.349 and showed significant difference. Conclusion: This result suggests that aromatherapy is an effective intervention to reduce stress for subjects. Nursing intervention protocol by using aromatherapy should be developed and applied in clinical and community settings. Further studies on the effects of aromatherapy on stress should be done by using meta-analysis.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to identify the role of general hospice palliative nurse through job analysis (duties, task, and task elements). Methods: The sample consisted of 136 nurses or professors who were performing duties related to hospice care areas in Korea. A survey method was used, and the questionnaire included frequencies, criticality, and difficulties of task elements in job description by the DACUM method. Descriptive statistics were performed by using SPSS WIN 17.0. Results: The job description of general hospice palliative nurse was identified 8 duties, 36 tasks, and 137 task elements. As for the 8 duties, the average scores of frequency, criticality, and difficulty were 2.94, 3.66, and 2.80, respectively. The role of ‘pain assessment’ was the most important task element among frequency and criticality. The lowest score at the frequency and criticality were ‘manage public finance’ and ‘collect datum through diagnostic test & lab', respectively. Furthermore, the role of 'identify spiritual needs of patients and family' was the most difficult task, whereas the role of 'manage documents and information' was the least. Conclusion: In this study, we could recognize the reality of general hospice palliative nurse's performances. For general hospice palliative nurse, therefore, concrete practice guide lines of psychosocial and spiritual care, communication skills, and bereavement care with qualifying system are critically needed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2004

Objectives : Internet addiction is a newly appeared addictive phenomenon that is defined as 'difficulty in real life due to internet over-use', 'excessive time spent on the internet or replacement of genuine real relationships with superficial virtual ones' or 'weakness in self-control about internet use and if discontinued, fallen in psychological confusion and anergic state'. This study was aimed to compare the internet addiction rate, demographic factors, computer using patterns, anxiety, depression, and internet self-efficacy and outcome expectancy between Korean middle and high school students in three areas - Seoul, Cheonan, and Rural areas - that were different in economic, cultural, and geographic state. Methods : Subjects are consisted of middle and high school students in Seoul, Chunan, and Rural areas(N=1718). Self-rating questionnaire included demographic data, Korean Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Korean Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS), questions for internet-using pattern, Korean version of Internet Addiction Scale invented by K. S. Young, Internet Self-efficacy and Out-come Expectancy Scale. Results: In this study, prevalence of internet addiction was 2.9%. There was no significant difference found in prevalence of internet addiction among three areas. In all subjects, there were significant differences in anxiety, depression, internet self-efficacy and outcome expectancy, leisure style, places of internet use, internet connecting method, and insight on internee addiction. But, in addicted group, there was no significant difference among three areas. Conclusion: This study suggested that the difference in economic, cultural, and geographic state was not related to prevalence of internet addiction. Although there were significant differences in anxiety, depression, self-efficacy associated with internee use, leisure style, places of internet use, internet connecting method, insight on internet addiction among three areas, there were no significant difference in addicted group among three areas. So, we concluded that the difference in economic, cultural, and geographic state did not influence the prevalence of internet addiction, and despite the difference in economic, cultural, and geographic state, people in three areas were equally influenced by internet addiction.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze relation between dental health beliefs and dental health behavior in the high grade students of elementary school, so importance of dental health beliefs has been emphasized as a factor affecting dental health behavior. Methods: The subjects in this study were 490 students of 4, 5 and 6th grade students from elementary school in Daegu areas. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire on June 26, 2006. For data analysis, One-way ANOVA, T-test and Pearson's correlation test were utilized. Result: 1) Frequency of visit at dental clinic for one years was significantly correlated with academic years, also frequency of toothbrushing one day was significant difference with sex distinction. 2) Frequency of toothbrushing one day was significantly correlated with their's susceptibility and barrier. 3) Frequency of visit at dental clinic for one years was significantly correlated with their's susceptibility and seriousness. 4) Frequency of intake cariogenic food for one day was significantly correlated with their's susceptibility, seriousness, benefit and barrier. Conclusions: We found that student's dental health beliefs was significantly correlated with dental health behavior, so school health educators should encourage students to have properly dental care habits for lifelong dental health with practical education.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2003

The residential and welfare facilities for the elderly are continuously increasing due to change of value on family under situation of aging population increase. And it is predicted that accommodation capacity of facilities for the elderly and its rate those facility takes compared to whole social welfare facilities will be accelerated considering past increase speed. On the other hand, about 60％ of elderly people have low physical and mental level almost dose to handicapped people therefore special environmental concerns helping their independent living are necessary. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether facilities for the elderly are adequate to accommodate their request condition by understanding color among environmental factors is one of most important factor for smooth understanding, communication and psychological remedy effect for thou. For this purpose, importance and effect of color and visual characteristic and reaction to color in elderly environment are researched through documents and visited 10 facilities in Seoul and Kyunggi region to research interior color status. And measuring of color on 5 main spaces of the facilities such as lobby/lounge, corridor, dining room, bedroom, stairway/ramp are done under analysis of its functional and aesthetic level based on Moon ＆ Spencer's color theory.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.131-151
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• 2018

Notwithstanding various discourses among scholars on the unique characteristics of comics, in Korea there is nevertheless a scarcity of quality research on the subject. Therefore, to promote quality research, it is important to consider how to best use source materials in the field of comics scholarship. Source materials can generally be categorized into three types: pre-existing comics, scholar-generated comics and user-generated comics. For this study, user-generated comics are the primary source materials, specifically comics created by mothers of children with disabilities. It is intended that this research will contribute to the future direction of education for mothers who suffer from a relative sense of alienation as the primary caregivers of children with special needs. Although therapeutic arts and cultural programs make a tremendous difference in the lives of these mothers, teaching methodology and educational opportunities are extremely limited. Furthermore, existing scholarship focuses primarily on either the psychological transformation of the individual or a phenomenological approach for parents to understand and deal with the problematic behavior of children with disabilities. However, this research does little to help improve learning programs for these parents. Against this backdrop, this research sets out to consider the potentiality and effectiveness of using comics in the education of mothers of children with disabilities. These mothers, by creating comics, develop better awareness of themselves in a positive and enriching way. It is therefore hoped that this research provides a useful analysis for developing the potentiality and effectiveness of these programs.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Burning mouth syndrome(BMS) refers to a chronic orofacial pain disorder usually unaccompanied by mucosal lesions or other clinical signs. Tongue(anterior and lateral border) is found to be the most common site for the burning sensations in the oral cavity, and various oral sites may be affected including hard palate and lips. The etiology of this disorder remains poorly understood, but the various factors might be related with the pathogenesis of the BMS. These factors have been devided into local, systemic and psychological. Recently, there have been increasing reports that the pain of BMS may be neuropathic in origin. The complex and multifactorial etiology of BMS necessitates multidisciplinary approach for the management of these patients. Recently, several studies have reported that oral parafunctional habits could be related the pathogenesis of BMS, and tried to control the symptom of BMS with various methods. We reported the cases who had the symptom of burning mouth syndrome with removable anti-nociceptive appliance in the lower dentition.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.242-255
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• 1997

Characteristics of attention deficit of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) were investigated by administering six computerized attention tests of Vienna Test System and four neuropsychological tests to children aged 6-12, with ADHD(n=21) and age-matched normal control children(n=22). The findings indicated that ADHD children show lower level of vigilance, more decline of performance in vigilance task on time, and impaired preparedness to response. They also have selective attention deficit on monitoring tasks, but did not have sustained attention deficit compared with normal control children. On the tasks wich overload their information processing capacity, ADHD children show more impulsive response pattern than normal control children. The performance of ADHD was worse than control on the neuropsychological tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. The presense 'These' attention deficits supports the theory that the defect of ADHD is due to the dysfunction of more than one brain region, including brain stem reticular formation and frontal lobe.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.60-81
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• 2020

This research was trying to examine through the technology acceptance model that is expanded in order to make an inquiry the factors having an effect on the acceptance intention of the technology fusion type webtoon user. The survey was carried out for the research for 114 questionnaire respondents where there is the technology fusion type webtoon utilization experience. After and hierarchical regression analysis was performed and the relationship was analyze between the factor. The total 13 hypotheses and one research problems were set and the study with was proceeded. Next, it is same if the results of study is summarized. Firstly, the interactivity and immersion, that is the subordinate factor of the Siljaegam, affected the static influence to the perceived usability. Secondly, with having the static influence an effect on the technology fusion type webtoon use intention the perceived usability was confirmed. Thirdly, the effeciency, Tendency of Conciseness, and consistency were the technology fusion type GUI standard extracted with the Ttamsaekjeok the result subfactor that it analize factor. Finally, with giving the meaningful influence to the perceived easiness the visual unrefined copper steam, that is the subordinate factor of the Siljaegam, was confirmed.