• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the toxicity of food Red No.2 in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rat for 4 weeks. SD rats were orally administered for 28 days, with dosage of 500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg/day. Animals treated with food Red No.2 did not cause any death and show any clinical signs. They did not show any significant changes of body weight, feed uptake and water consumption. There were not significantly different from the control group in urinalysis, hematological, serum biochemical value and histopathological examination. In conclusion, 4 weeks of the repetitive oral medication of food Red No.2 has resulted no alteration of toxicity according to the test materials in the group of female rats with injection of 2,000 mg/kg. Therefore, food Red No.2 was not indicated to have any toxic effect in the SD rats, when it was orally administered below the dosage 2,000 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2002

Objectives：For the purpose of obtaining the more vivid present status and prevention program of teenage pregnancy, this survey was done by Obstetricians, as study subject, who manage the pregnant teenager in real clinical situation. Methods：Structured survey form about teenage pregnancy was sent to 2,800 obstetricians. That form contained frequency, characteristics, decision making processes, and psychiatric aspects of the teenage pregnancy. 349 obstetricians replied that survey form and we analysed these datas. Results：(1) The trend of teenage pregnancy was mildly increased. (2) The most common cases were unwanted pregnancy by continuing sexual relationship with boyfriends rather than by forced, accidental sexual relationship with multiple partners. (3) The most common reason of labor was loss the time of artificial abotion. (4) Problems of pregnant girls' were conduct behaviors and poor informations about contraception rather than sexual abuse or mental retardation. (5) Most obstetricians percepted the necessity of psychiatric consultation, however psychiatric consultation was rare due to parents refusal and abscense of available psychiatric facility. (6) For the prevention of teenage pregnancy, the most important thing was practical education about contraception. Conclusions：Based on the result of this study, further study using structured interview schedule with pregnant girl is needed for the detecting risk factor of teenage pregnancy and effective systematic approach to pregnant girl.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2000

U-turns are allowed widely at the intersections by local police department while the left-turn Phases have been gradually Prohibited. However, any strategies for U-turn movements at signalized intersections are unavailable. Therefore, the Purpose of this study is to Propose the efficient operational method of Urban arterial adopting U-turn strategies. Four alternatives are evaluated they are, 1) U-turn movements are allowed at the adjacent intersection with exclusive U-turn lane while the major or the minor approach is Prohibited, 2) U-turn movements are allowed at the adjacent mid-block Pedestrian crossing with exclusive U-turn lane while the major approach is Prohibited. 3) U-turn movements are allowed at the adjacent mid-block Pedestrian crossing with exclusive U-turn lane while the minor approach is prohibited and 4) Comparative one between alternative 3 and 4. From the results of this study, it concludes that the method of U-turn movements allowed at the adjacent mid-block pedestrian crossing with exclusive U-turn lane is the most effective strategy among those alternatives. The strategies of alternative 1 and 4 are Proposed by the boundary based on the major through and left-turn volumes and the minor left-turn volume.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-35
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• 2005

A survey was conducted to investigate the perception of food sanitation officers toward the Genetically Modified Foods. They were mainly from Regional Agencies of KFDA, City/Province office, and National quarantine station. Some of them were professors of university and researchers of research institute. Most of respondents had experiences of hearing or reading GM foods (over $95\%$) and over $90\%$ of respondents much needed the label of GM foods. Although some of officers of city/province office and national quarantine station showed less knowledge than other respondent groups, most of respondents had basic knowledge about biology. The frequency of respondents worked over 20 years and worked in the general administration was higher than that of other groups in the question of unsafe of GM foods. The answer frequency of careless treatment of foods was highest in the question of risk factor, and the frequency of GM foods was lowest ($4.4\%$). It was concluded that food sanitation officers had positive opinion about GM foods, but there were some differences in the knowledge among agencies. Therefore, it is necessary more educations and informations are needed for food sanitation officers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.12 s.148
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• pp.1535-1545
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• 2005

The study aimed firstly, to develop the women's bodysuit sleeve block construction method adopting the appropriate pattern reduction rates according to the fabric stretch property. Secondly, the details applied to the bodysuit sleeve block drafting (Dr the educational and industrial usage were proposed. For these, several distinguishing bodysuit sleeve pattern making methods(i.e. Joseph-Armstrong: T1, Shoben & Ward: T2, Esmod: T3 and Mixed Joseph-Armstrong: T4) were analyzed and divided into two categories that adopt 1) the equally (i.e., T1) and 2) the differently(i.e., T2, T3 & T4) distributed front and back armhole length measurements. Women's sleeve samples were made for the research using the same stretch fabric($50\%\;and\; 70\%$ in wale and course each) to the previous research. A group comprising 5 relevant experts evaluated the fit and comfort features of the samples. Experiments analyzed the appearance of sleeve samples focused on total 13 evaluation parts(including the front/side/back fit tolerance, sleeve centre line, sleeve length, appropriateness of the sleeve appearance balanced with the bodysuit and etc.): and performed the comfort test evaluating three kinds(vertical-front/vertical-side/ horizontal) of arm movements. The most appropriate bodysuit sleeve to fulfil the original aims of the study was suggested. The findings and suggestions throughout the study were: 1) the measurements and required reduction rates for the bodysuit sleeve block developed: outer sleeve length (with 1.0 RR), crown height(with 0.7 RR), front and back armhole lengths measured on the bodysuit blocks ($0\%$ ease amount), elbow width(0.9/0.95 RR), wrist girth measurements(from $12\%\;to\;18\%$ tolerances can be given to): and 2) the differently distributed front and back armhole length measurements resulted in the better fit and comfort through the research.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.484-491
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• 2005

Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) analyzes potential hazard of microorganisms on public health and offers structured approach to assess risks associated with microorganisms in foods. This paper addresses specific risk management questions associated with Staphylococcus aureus in kimbab and improvement and dissemination of QMRA methodology, QMRA model was developed by constructing four nodes from retail to table pathway. Predictive microbial growth model and survey data were combined with probabilistic modeling to simulate levels of S. aureus in kimbab at time of consumption, Due to lack of dose-response models, final level of S. aureus in kimbeb was used as proxy for potential hazard level, based on which possibility of contamination over this level and consumption level of S. aureus through kimbab were estimated as 30.7% and 3.67 log cfu/g, respectively. Regression sensitivity results showed time-temperature during storage at selling was the most significant factor. These results suggested temperature control under $10^{\circ}C$ was critical control point for kimbab production to prevent growth of S. aureus and showed QMRA was useful for evaluation of factors influencing potential risk and could be applied directly to risk management.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2010

Purpose: Nuclear medicine general operation room is radioactive control room which is used for the handling of radioisotope(R.I). Radioactive contamination materials must be under control and separated from general trash. With this experiments, we want to actively suggest the guideline of controling and operating radioactive contamination materials by measuring contamination degree and analyzing the causes which is not realized so far. Materials and Methods: Materials are selected from Oct. 2009 to March. 2010. salines which are used for labelling radiophamaceuticals and generator cap, saline needle cap, $^{99m}Tc$-needle cap saline vial which is generated from $^{99}Mo$/$^{99m}Tc$ generator. After measuring each surface contamination degree by survey meter, mean value and standard deviation one were solved out. Results: In result, After measuring surface contamination degree, radioactivity of saline for labelling radiophamaceuticals showed $14429{\pm}26378$ cpm (p<0.05) and in measured generators, foreign imported things showed that generator cap : $9{\pm}21$ cpm, saline vial : $17{\pm}28$ cpm. saline needle cap : $35{\pm}66$ cpm, $^{99m}Tc$-needle cap : $9{\pm}21$ cpm, saline vial $13{\pm}28$ cpm. domestic things showed that generator cap : $22852{\pm}52545$ cpm, saline needle cap : $87367{\pm}109711$ cpm, $^{99m}Tc$-needle cap : $9008{\pm}10459$ cpm, saline vial : $186416{\pm}158196$ cpm (p<0.05). Conclusion: The saline which is used for labelling, exceeded 1/10 of maximum permissible range. this is generated from radiophamaceuticals dilution procedure. and In generators, radioactive value of foreign import things showed closely background value. but which of domestic thing showed that exceeded more than 1000 values 1/10 of maximum permissible range. the causes of that is domestic generator is contaminated in manufacturing procedure. So, to dispose radioactive contamination materials which is could betaken out of, the control and operation must be radical under controlled by radioactive measuring, recording and equipping of its own. if this is kept well, we can prevent surely that radioactive waste could be disposed like as general trash.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.110-122
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• 2009

Purpose: Nowadays, A medical institution assesment could get more interest about a quality of medical services from many hospitals that developed the active activities for improving medical services. Also, there is an other additional issue which is the patients risk management. Uijeongbu ST. Mary's hospital Nuclear Medicine department has been changed many work process after PET-CT introduction and renovation of its place since 2008. Therefore, modified structure and the way of existing work process have contained risk factors. The purpose of this study would be the appropriate risk management process while imaging examination process, the removal risk factors and improved activities through the analysis risk factors. Materials and Methods: Nuclear Medicine department new process should analysis through many-sided, Firstly, make and trained risk management manual after then apply an actual work. Result analysis showed the number of risk accident occurrence that comparing the last year and after the improved activities. Secondly, producing risk management public relations film has been showed an applicable patient after then the customer service measurement checked for a hundred patient by questionnaire. Lastly, Risk factors were eliminated through the facilities participation improving activities which could change for the better risk factors. Results: The number of safety accident occurrence(medication error, fall and collision) were checked as zero after the improving activities both PET-CT and gamma camera examination. The results of questionnaire showed as follows; 74% marked as understanding of the test process and 81% checked "satisfaction" after the public relations film showing. The question "Did you consider about the risk factors?", both PET-CT and gamma camera checked as 94% and 89% respectively. Customer risk management could be accomplished effectively through the improving activities at the nuclear medicine department. Conclusions: The study would be an opportunity that spread risk factors were systematically showed and analyzied. Also, It showed the possibility of the minimized safety accident and its feedback, if application of the response manuel that could be a standard of radiology technician's work method to react safety accident. It was the more effective that visual material could be easy to approach as a methodology of risk factors. As far as I have concerned that It could help the safety and convenience through continuous and detailed activities that offer to patients.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.216-222
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• 2009

The present study aims to monitor pesticide residues in cut flowers collected from the farms and markets. Cut flowers used in this study included rose, lily and chrysanthemum collected from June to September, 2008. Samples were collected once from farms in Hwasung, Goyang (Gyeonggi-do), Inje (Gangwon-do) and thrice from wholesale market in Namdaemunm, Yangjae and Gangnam (Seoul). Total of 24 pesticides (12 fungicides, 11 pesticides and 1 acaricide) were detected from samples collected from farm and total of 64 pesticides (25 fungicides, 36 pesticides, 1 acaricide and 2 fungicides) were detected from samples collected from wholesale market. The highest detection frequency of pesticide from farm was for carbaryl (15%) and for boscalid, fluacrypyrin, fluquinconazole, methomyl, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrohin (10%), with overall detection of $0.1-36.99\;mg\;kg^{-1}$. While the highest detection frequency of pesticides from wholesale market was for carbaryl, fluquinoconazole and kresoxim-methyl (18.52%), methomyl (16.6%), and methiocarb and thiacloprid (12.96%) with overall detection amount of $0.1-56.2\;mg\;kg^{-1}$. Higher amount of pesticides were detected in leaves than in flowers. Among the pesticides detected, detection frequency of unregistered pesticides for rose, chrysanthemum and lily was 55%, 60% and 63% collected from farms and 47%, 60% and 89% collected from markets, respectively. These pesticides require registration and further monitoring in floricultural crops.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2007

Purpose: CT scan shows that significant tumor movement occurs in lesions located in the proximity of the heart, diaphragm, and lung hilus. There are differences concerning three kinds of type to get images following the Scan type called Axial, Helical, Cine (4D-CT) mode, when the scanning by CT. To know how each protocol describe accurately, this paper is going to give you reappearance using the moving phantom. Materials and Methods: To reconstruct the movement of superior-inferior and anterior-posterior, the manufactured moving phantom and the motor following breathing were used. To distinguish movement from captured images by CT scanning, a localizer adhered to the marker on the motor. The moving phantom fixed the movement of superior-inferior upon 1.3 cm /1 min. The motor following breathing fixed the movement of anterior-posterior upon 0.2 cm /1 min. After fixing each movement, CT scanning was taken by following the CT protocols. The movement of A localizer and volume-reappearance analyzed by RTP machine. Results: Total volume of a marker was 88.2 $cm^3$ considering movement of superior-inferior. Total volume was 184.3 $cm^3$. Total volume according to each CT scan protocol were 135 $cm^3$ by axial mode, 164.9 $cm^3$ by helical mode, 181.7 $cm^3$ by cine (4D-CT) mode. The most closely describable protocol about moving reappearance was cine mode, the marker attached localizer as well. Conclusion: CT scan should reappear concerning a exact organ-description and target, when the moving organ is being scanned by three kinds of CT protocols. The cine (4D-CT) mode has the advantage of the most highly reconstructible ability of the three protocols in reappearance of the marker using a moving phantom. The marker on the phantom has always regular motion but breathing patients don't move like a phantom. Breathing education and devices setting patients were needed so that images reconstruct breathing as exactly as possible. Users should also consider that an amount of radiation to patients is being bombed.