• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1299-1304
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• 2010

We examined the working fracture behavior of a silicon-steel strip caused by deformation deviation by performing a pilot rolling test. The deformation deviation resulted in the edges (or center portion) of the strip being stretched and the other parts being compressed in the rolling direction; this was because of different degrees of deformation in these parts. We designed roll grooves shape to reflect the role of roll bending, which generates waviness in the strip in an actual cold rolling process, into the pilot rolling test. The material used in the rolling test was highsilicon steel (about 3%). The results of the test showed that the type of fracture in the strip specimen varied with the magnitude of the deformation deviation. The tensile stress produced at the strip edges because of the center waviness in the rolling direction was a crucial factor that resulted in edge cracking and a zigzag-shaped fracture at the center.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.511-517
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• 2009

In this paper an finite element approach for the edge crack analysis of silicon-steel sheet during cold rolling is presented. Based on the damage mechanics, the proposed approach follows the analysis steps which are composed of damage initiation, damage evolution and fracture. Through those steps, we can find out the initiation instant of crack and resulting propagated length and shape of the crack. The material constants related to fracture is experimentally obtained by tension tests using standard sheet-type specimen and notched sheet-type specimen. To evaluate the prediction accuracy, we performed a pilot rolling test with a initially notched sheets. It is shown that the results obtained by the approach converged to the experimental one concerning about the direction and length of propagated crack. The capability of the proposed one is demonstrated through the application to the actual silicon-steel rolling mill.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.512-518
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• 2001

It has been well known that 6.5wt% Si steel sheets have excellent magnetic properties such as low core loss. high maximum permeability and low magnetostriction. In this work, we studied a method for producing 6.5wt% Si steel sheets using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The following is the procedure adopted in this work to produce 6.5wt% Si steel sheets; SiCl$_4$ gas is applied onto a low content-Si steel sheet placed in a tube furnace. Silicon atoms resulted from the decomposition of SiCl$_4$ are permeated through the surface of the steel sheet. Finally, by the diffusion process maintaining it under a high temperature the silicon atoms diffuse uniformly into the sheet. Through this process, 6.5wt% Si steel sheets can be obtained. The manufactured Fe-6.5wt% Si steel sheet with a thickness of 0.5mm exhibited a high frequency core loss (W$_{2}$1k/) of 8.92 W/kg. Its permeability increased from 37,100 to 53,300 at 1 tesular(T). The mechanical properties of the manufactured steel sheets were also estimated and the result showed that the workability was significantly improved by annealing in vacuum at 773k. Increased plastic deformation was also observed prior to fracture and the amount of grain boundary rupture was reduced.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.39.1-39.1
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 가볍고 내구성이 뛰어난 Al을 다양한 공정 조건에서 냉연 강판에 코팅하여 코팅층의 밀도 측정으로부터 치밀도를 알아보았다. 99.95% 순도의 Al 타겟을 사용하여 강판(냉연강판)과 실리콘 웨이퍼 시편에 증착시켰다. 시편은 알코올과 아세톤으로 초음파 세척을 하였으며 진공용기에서 펄스 전원 공급 장치를 이용하여 플라즈마 청정을 약 30분간 실시하였다. 시편 청정이 끝나면 ${\sim}10^{-6}$ Torr 까지 진공 배기를 실시하고, Ar 가스를 진공용기 내로 공급하여 ${\sim}10^{-3}$ Torr로 진공도를 유지하면서 스퍼터링으로 박막 코팅을 실시하였다. 전자석에 전류를 인가하지 않은 시편의 Al 코팅층 밀도는 bulk 밀도의 81%이며 전자석에 역방향 3 A의 전류를 인가시킨 시편의 Al 코팅층 밀도는 bulk 밀도의 약 94%를 보였다. Al 코팅층의 SEM 분석 결과, 스퍼터링 파워 증가에 따라 Al 코팅층 조직에 기공이 많아지고 두께가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 전자석의 순방향 전류가 증가하면 박막의 두께가 증가하고 치밀도가 낮아지는 반면 전자석의 역방향 전류가 증가할수록 Al 코팅층의 조직은 치밀해졌으며 전자석 전류를 역방향 3 A로 고정하고 스퍼터링 파워를 변화시켜 Al을 코팅하면 타겟 인가전압 1.5 A에서 가장 치밀한 Al 코팅층 조직을 얻을 수 있었다. 가장 치밀한 조직을 갖는 $1.57{\mu}m$의 Al 코팅층은 염수분무 시작 후 약 48시간 후에도 적청이 전면적의 5% 이내로 발생하였다. 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 냉연강판에 Al을 증착하였고 치밀한 조직의 박막을 형성함으로써 냉연 강판의 내식성을 향상할 수 있는 공정기술을 개발하였다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.236-242
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• 2002

A method was investigated to determine the thickness of coating on steel sheet using rf glow discharge atomic emission spectrometer. The RF gas-jet boosted glow discharge has such salient feature as good pleasure stability and high sputtering efficiency that it was possible to determine the thickness of silicon resin film on zinc electroplated steel. The erosion speed variation is dependent on discharge power, gas flow rate and discharge pressure. therefore determine discharge condition to measure the thickness of coating on steels. The fundamental studies have been carried out to investigate an optimum condition for in-depth analysis and composition of zinc coating on steel. In this study, the calibration curve for thickness determination of silicon resin film was found to be linear in the range of $1000{\sim}3500mg/m^2$ film thickness. The developed rf gas-jet boosted glow discharge was applied to the analysis of zinc coating and silicon resin film on steel made by RIST.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.265-265
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• 2012

스퍼터링을 이용하여 금속을 코팅하면 대부분 주상정 형태의 미세구조로 성장한다. 금속 코팅층의 미세구조를 코팅공정으로 제어하여 치밀한 구조의 코팅층을 합성하기 위해서 평형(balanced magnetron)과 비평형(unbalanced magnetron) 스퍼터링에 의한 박막 구조 변화를 비교하고, 빗각 증착(oblique angle deposition) 효과가 코팅층의 미세구조에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 실험에 사용된 타겟은 6 인치 직경의 알루미늄이었으며 기판은 실리콘 웨이퍼와 냉연강판이 사용되었다. 알루미늄 코팅층은 주사전자현미경으로 미세구조를 관찰하였으며, 미세구조 변화가 내부식 특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 알루미늄이 코팅된 냉연강판의 염수분무 시험을 실시하였다. 빗각 증착에 의한 코팅층 미세구조 변화가 가장 두드러지게 나타났으며, 빗각 증착에 의해서 알루미늄 코팅층이 치밀해지는 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 알루미늄이 코팅된 냉연강판을 분석한 결과, 빗각 증착으로 코팅된 알루미늄 코팅층이 두께 약 $3{\mu}m$에서 염수분무 200 시간 후에도 적청이 발생하지 않는 우수한 내식성을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.320-324
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• 2005

The core loss of $3\%$ SiFe is strongly dependent on silicon content, impurities, permeability, and domain structure of the SiFe. Domain refining has been proved to be very good method for reduction of core loss in high permeability grain oriented SiFe, and laser scribing is well-blown as an effective and industrially important method of domain refinement. In this work, magnetic domain refinement has been carried out by using a pulsed Nd : YAG laser, and the core losses have been measured and analyzed to and optimal parameters of the laser treatment. The laser hem was focused with a spot size of $100{\mu}m$ and pulse energy of 10${\~}$35mJ and the lines were scribed with a period of ${\~}$5mm. The core loss was improved up to $17\%$ with 30 ns-Nd : YAG laser beam in $3\%$ SiFe.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.134-143
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• 1999

The effects of silicon on galvannealing behavior of interstitial-free (IF) steels were studied. The growth rate of the Fe-Zn alloy layer was retarded as silicon in the steel added. Titanium in steel strongly favors Fe-Zn reaction, in particular outburst structures, whereas silicon inhibit them. Cross-sectional and planar views of galvannealed coatings were investigated to characterize alloy phase development. A possible mechanism to explain the retardation effect of silicon is discussed in terms of concentration on surface and inhibition layer.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.128-130
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• 2003

For electrical machine designers, core loss data are usually provided in the form of tables or curves of total loss versus flux density or frequency. The aim of this work is to propose a mathematical model for the iron losses prediction in soft magnetic material$ with any frequency and flux density. In this paper, three formulas for calculating the iron loss coefficients are discussed. And the coefficients are applied to calculate the iron loss of the 25kW high speed motor.