• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.188-196
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to identify the design characteristics of space components observed in Malaysian hotel lobbies. For this study, we conducted a case study on the facades and indoor space components of 15 hotel lobbies in Langkawi and Penang, and drew conclusions as follows. First, designs found in the facades and indoor space components of Malaysian hotel lobbies reflected all of traditional and colonial styles, religious styles including Islamic, and contemporary styles. Second, traditional designs showed rather the modernization of traditions than the preservation of traditions. Particularly in ceilings, walls and windows/doors, conservative or progressive modemization was observed frequently. Third, contemporary designs were mostly formative modernization, and materials and colors still adhered to traditions and nature. Fourth, in applied furniture, traditional wood sculptures were mixed or traditional material rattarn(stems of climbing palms) was utilized actively. Fourth, a large number of designs symbolized the Malaysian first religion Islam. Summing up these results, the common point of designs observed in the facades and indoor space components of Malaysian hotel lobbies was that they were transformed into Malaysian style regardless of whether they were traditional or colonial.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.50-57
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• 1997

This study is concentrated on the specified relationship between the contemporary art and the interior design by investigation their situational connections through the expresison of their works. Each fields of modern art makes expressive situation more complicated and transforms its unintelligible and expressive outputs variously. The expression is the basis of the incompatibility of the modern art which features the ambivalence of the various tendency and the characteristics of the artists works as well as the disappearance of the typical genre of the art. The new expression such as the spatial recognition of the paintings and the participatio of the real, expreimental examples of the modern art enlarges its realm. The field interior design which has the close relationship with the fine arts need to make a new discussion or a theory among the progressive expression and the various tendencies of the art. Through this research, by reviewing the intermixed and expressed features of the artists works and designers projects which went far beyond the concepts and genre, the interrelationship between expression tendency of the contemporary art and the interior design has been specified.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.8
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• pp.16-22
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• 1996

In terms of modern design history, De Stijl movement had continued as one of influential groups by 1931, and it attempted to pursue universial reality that combined painting and architecture, seeking a new style based on Neo-Plasticism and succeeded the nineteen century's Art and Craft movement and Art Nouveau. Especially, the De Stijl movement provided 1920's rationalism with new space pattern and its ideas greatly affected the Bauhaus movement such as Walter Gropius or Mies van der Rohe. De Stijl's utopian idea that claimed on the conformity of art and life contributed modernism movement combined with scientific and rational view, and even now experts its lasting power with the concept of time and space free from simple cube in modern architecture and interior design. The tue meaning of the De Stijl movements is that is sis the basis of general ideas, and the change of modern architecture is based on this modern styled foundation. It may be the unchangeable fact like Russell Hitchocok says, "The architectural style and pattern which everyone admitts its importance has the value of living."

• Journal of health informatics and statistics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2017

Objectives: Radon and its progeny pose environmental risks as a carcinogen, especially to the lungs. Investigating factors affecting indoor radon concentrations and models thereof are needed to prevent exposure to radon and to reduce indoor radon concentrations. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting indoor radon concentration and to construct a comprehensive model thereof. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to obtain data on residential environments, including building materials and life style. Decision tree and structural equation modeling were applied to predict residences at risk for higher radon concentrations and to develop the comprehensive model. Results: Greenery ratio, impermeable layer ratio, residence at ground level, daily ventilation, long-term heating, crack around the measuring device, and bedroom were significantly shown to be predictive factors of higher indoor radon concentrations. Daily ventilation reduced the probability of homes having indoor radon concentrations ${\geq}200Bq/m^3$ by 11.6%. Meanwhile, a greenery ratio ${\geq}65%$ without daily ventilation increased this probability by 15.3% compared to daily ventilation. The constructed model indicated greenery ratio and ventilation rate directly affecting indoor radon concentrations. Conclusions: Our model highlights the combined influences of geographical properties, groundwater, and lifestyle factors of an individual resident on indoor radon concentrations in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2003

유용 수산생물인 전복, 소라, 성게 등 무척추동물의 종묘생산에 있어 부착 규조류는 수서 생태계의 일차 생산자로서 유생의 변태와 변태 후의 초기 먹이생물로 활용되고 있으며 최근에는 단일 부착규조류의 실내 배양을 통해 유용 수산생물 종묘의 대량 생산을 유도하고 있다. 부착규조류의 생물량 및 종 조성에 따라 이들 조식동물의 성장과 먹이 효율성에 커다란 영향을 끼친다. 이 연구는 종묘생산의 환경 조건과 동일한 현장에서 유수식 수조에 투명 플라스틱 부착파판(30$\times$40cm)을 설치하여 1997년 10월부터 1999년 4월까지 실내수조에 설치한 부착파판을 10일 간격으로 회수하여 부착된 규조류의 생물량과 환경적 특성을 조사하였다. 실험기간 동안 자연광을 55~75% 차단한 상태에서 실험을 진행하였고 수온과 염분은 각각 14.1$^{\circ}C$~28.6$^{\circ}C$와 32.5$\textperthousand$~35.3$\textperthousand$의 범위를 보였다. 실험기간 동안 부착규조류의 총 출현종수는 27종(17속 25종 2미동정종)으로 중심규조류(centric diatom)가 4종 그리고 우상규조류(pennate diatom)가 23종이었다. 현존량의 30% 이상을 점유하는 부착 규조류들은 Bacillaria paxillifera, Cocconeis scutellum, Diatoma hyalina, Navicula mollis, Nitzschia sp., Synedra tabulta 등 6종이 우점하였다. 부착규조류의 현존량은 2.5$\times$$10^3$~ 5.0$\times$$10^{5}$ cells $cm^{-2}$ 의 분포 범위로 1999년 4월에 가장 높고 1997년 10월에 가장 낮았다. Chlorophyll $\alpha$량 ($\mu\textrm{g}$ chl $\alpha$ $cm^{-2}$)은 0.02 ~ 1.72 $\mu\textrm{g}$ chi $\alpha$ $cm^{-2}$의 범위로써 부착규조류의 현존량과 유사한 분포 특성을 보였다. 유수식 실내수조에 부착된 부착규조류의 부착 형태, 우점종과 현존량은 배양 시기에 따라 종간 특이성을 보였다.다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.536-544
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• 2012

It is necessary to study the material circulation of coastal ecosystem according to aquacultural activity in order to induce the sustainable production of aquaculture and the fishery environment for the useful use. Hence, it is essential to make an exact assessment for the sedimentation release flux at the sediment-water interface in the aquafarm. Sediment oxygen demand and dissolved inorganic nitrogen release fluxes were compared using in-situ and laboratory incubational examination. Sediment oxygen demands were 116, 34, and $31\;mmol\;O_2\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$ (in-situ incubation), 52, 17, and $15\;mmol\;O_2\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$ (Core incubation) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen release fluxes were 7.18, 7.98, and $1.78\;mmol\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$ (in-situ incubation), 3.33, 3.74, and $1.96\;mmol\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$ (Core incubation) at Tongyeong finfish, Yeosu finfish, and Wando abalone cage farms, respectively. Consequently, in-situ incubation results showed two times higher than laboratory examination. We compared the material flux at the sediment-water interface of each farm and the characteristics between two different kinds of material flux examination.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.1 s.60
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

Modern architecture does a role in terms of connecting traditional and current architecture. In the same time, Which is important part of korean architecture history because of introduction of western architecture. Accordingly, At this meaninglessly going out and leaving of modern architecture, the purpose of this study is systematic researching of 'Cho-sun government-general' interior which is disappeared. I progressed this study to research into the period context at construction of Cho-sun government-general md tendency of architecture and interior at that time. And then understand interior space organization of it. Cho-sun government-general adopted Neo-Baroque style from tendency of that time. Also, showed composite order which is mixed in the Greek temple, the Renaissance and the classic style representing the power. This characteristic is different from current composit order, which is comprehended by our. In order to understand aesthetic value of current straight interior space, It have to be interacted the present and past. But It's averted because it was made in the period of Japanese imperialism. Therefore, We should explore history of interior design that is endowed with sociality and historicity between modern and future interior space as well as current.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.130-135
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• 2020

Male gonadal development of the yellow catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, one of the most popular fish species in Korean aquaculture performance, was investigated by histological observation of monthly collected specimens to make comparisons between wild and cultured individuals. Their reproductive cycle was classified into the successive developmental stages as follows: a growing stage (April), a spawning stage (May), a degeneration stage (June to July), and a resting stage (August to October) in the wild and outdoor-cage individuals; a growing stage (April to June), a spawning stage (July to August), a degeneration stage (September), and a resting stage (October) in the indoor-cage ones. Values of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of wild and outdoor cages peaked in May, followed by a sudden decline in August~September and June~August, respectively. In contrast, GSI values of the indoor-cage individuals peaked in September and were followed by a sudden drop. Remarkable seasonal variation in condition factor (CF) was undetectable, peaking in June in the wild-cage individuals and November in the wild ones. Overall, our results suggest that it is suitable to use the male of the outdoor-cage individuals for artificial fertilization and that it is efficient to perform artificial fertilization in May, such as reproductive cycle of wild.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 1988

Strongylocentrotus pulcherrimus is one of the very important fishery stock in this country since its high demand for raw gonad. Although the demand has been continuously increasing, the natural stock of this species seems to be decreasing. Since fresh macroalgae are not always available, the substitution of terrestrial vegetables for algae as a principal food was examined for the intensive indoor culture of the sea urchin. The results from the studies on selective and non-selective feeding habits and nutritional efficiencies using 13 food stuffs (6 macroalgae, 5 vegetables and 2 animal products) indicate that algae can be substituted with vegetables in sea urchin culture. Although the growth of body weight was the highest when sea urchins were fed Undaria Pinnatifida, the gonad index of the sea urchins fed on spinach, radish leaf and lettuce was higher than that of this brown alga. Considering the different food efficiencies of body and gonad growth, spinach and radish leaf will be adequate during gonad growth season, while lettuce and Chinese cabbage will be suitable for test growth season. In particular, radish leaf, which is usually not eaten by humans, could be highly beneficial and very economical in the sea urchin culture.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.133-139
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• 2023

The advantage of biofloc technology (BFT) in aquaculture is in the prevention of pathogenic transmission. In this study, we performed an investigation on viral, bacterial, and microsporidian parasite infections targeting a total of 194 whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in seven BFT-farms on the west coast of Korea in 2021. Hepatopancreatic and cuticular epithelium and pereiopods tissues of shrimp were tested for the four pathogens, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing Acute Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VP_AHPND), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV). The microsporidian parasite EHP was detected in the hepatopancreatic tissue of BFT whiteleg shrimp in the Ganghwa region, whereas no other pathogenic bacteria or virus was detected on the shrimp in the seven BFT-farms. As a result of bacterial flora in the rearing water of BFT whiteleg shrimp using DNA microbiome technology, V. chemaguriensis and V. alfacsensis were contained at 0.05% and 0.01%, respectively, but no VP_AHPND was detected. These findings will serve as a basis for supporting safe BFT-aquaculture of whiteleg shrimp.