• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 2012

With the advent of DNA microarray technologies, researches for disease diagnosis has been actively in progress. In typical experiments using microarray data, problems such as the large number of genes and the relatively small number of samples, the inherent measurement noise and the heterogeneity across different samples are the cause of the performance decrease. To overcome these problems, a new method using functional modules (e.g. signaling pathways) used as markers was proposed. They use the method using an activity of pathway summarizing values of a member gene's expression values. It showed better classification performance than the existing methods based on individual genes. The activity calculation, however, used in the method has some drawbacks such as a correlation between individual genes and each phenotype is ignored and characteristics of individual genes are removed. In this paper, we propose a method based on the ensemble classifier. It makes weak classifiers based on feature vectors using subsets of genes in selected pathways, and then infers the final classification result by combining the results of each weak classifier. In this process, we improved the performance by minimize the search space through a filtering process using gene-gene interaction information and the mRMR filter. We applied the proposed method to a classifying the lung cancer, it showed competitive classification performance compared to existing methods.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.4 s.310
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• pp.9-18
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• 2006

In the digital camera system, CMOS image sensor (CIS) is widely used because its size and weight become smaller and power consumption becomes lower. However, there are common problems that colors of the recorded image do not match those of the photographed object and that spectral sensitivity of the CIS used in different cameras varies largely in each case. Therefore, color correction is needed because the spectral sensitivity of the CIS in each color is neither the same color component for most standard colors nor the appropriate color representation for any output devices. In the conventional method, a color correction is empirically obtained by a large number of iterative experiments, but the result is not so satisfied. In this paper, a new method to obtain the efficient color correction matrix for digital camera using CIS is proposed. We obtain camera transfer matrix under the certain white-balance point, and color correction matrix that makes the transfer characteristic of digital camera close to the transfer characteristic of ideal camera is obtained. The experimental results show that the transfer characteristic of digital camera by the proposed method is close to that of the ideal camera. In addition, the image quality of pictures of digital camera using the proposed method is dramatically improved.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.473-479
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• 2016

We report a highly selective and sensitive 200 MHz Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensor that can detect cyanide ion in aqueous solution using surface immobilized thioester molecules in combination with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). To construct the sensor device, a monolayer of thioester compound was immobilized on the SAW sensor surface. At the sensor surface, hydrolysis of thioester group by nucleophilic addition of cyanide occurred and the resulting free thiol unit bound to AuNP to form thiol-AuNP conjugate. For the signal enhancement, gold staining signal amplification process was introduced subsequently with gold (III) chloride trihydrate and reducing agent, hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The SAW sensor showed a detection ability of $17.7{\mu}M$ for cyanide in aqueous solution and demonstrated a saturation behavior between the frequency shift and the concentration of cyanide ion. On the other hand, our SAW sensor had no activities for other anions such as fluoride ion, acetate ion and sulfate ion, moreover, no significant interference observed by other anions. Finally, all the experiments were carried out in-house developed sensor and fluidics modules to obtain highly reproducible results.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.286-291
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• 2011

Hypoxia is a common condition found in a wide range of solid tumors and is often associated with metastasis and poor clinical outcomes. In the present study, we found that HIF-$1{\alpha}$ was induced by cobalt chloride (500 ${\mu}M$) treatment on human lung cancer cells, A549 and H460, for 24 hr. However, cobalt chloride (500 ${\mu}M$) did not affect cell proliferation of A549 and H460 in 48 hr. Cobalt chloride (500 ${\mu}M$) additionally induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition (EMT) such as reduced E-cadherin expression and increased ${\alpha}$-SMA expression. These results were confirmed by immunofluorecence experiment in H460 cells. E-cadherin was localized on the outer cell membrane. However, when the cells were treated with 500 ${\mu}M$ cobalt chloride for 24 hr, diffuse E-cadherin staining was observed, characteristic of a migratory mesenchymal phenotype. We also found that cobalt chloride induced integrin ${\beta}3$ expression and FAK phosphorylation in human lung cancer cells using western blotting and FACS anlaysis. Our data suggest that integrin ${\beta}3$-induced FAK phosphorylation may be developed into target molecules for blocking tumor metastasis.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.243-260
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• 2000

Ocean remote sensing reflectance of just above water level was modeled using inherent optical properties of seawater contents, total absorption (a) and backscattering(bb) coefficients ($R_{rs}$=0.046 $b_b$/(a+$b_b$). This modeling was based on the specific absorption and backscattering coefficients of 5 optically active seawater components； phytoplankton pigments, non-chlorophyllous suspended particles, dissolved organic matters, heterotrophic microorganisms, and the other unknown particle components. Simulated remote sensing reflectance($R_{rs}$) and water leaving radiance(Lw) spectra were well agreed with in-situ measurements obtained using a bi-directional fields remote spectrometer in coastal waters and open ocean. $R_{rs}$ values in SeaWiFS bands from the model were analyzed to develop 2-band ratio ocean color chlorophyll with those observed insitu. Also, chlorophyll algorithm based on remote reflectance developed in this study fell in those obtained by a SeaBAM working group. The model algorithms were examined and compared with those observed insitu. Also, chlorophyll algorithm based on remote reflectance developed in this study fell in those obtained by a SeaBAM working group. The remote reflectance model will be very helpful to understand the variation of water leaving radiances caused by the various components in the seawater, and to develop new ocean color algorithm for CASE-II water using neural network method or other analytical method, and in the model of fine atmospheric signal correction.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.44-56
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• 2019

Recently, the paradigm of SOC investment has shifted from new construction to maintenance. This shift became more important for the highway system because it is as one of the most important SOC. In Korea, highway maintenance costs are about 20% of the total annual highway construction budget, which is about two-thirds of developed countries. In addition, establishing standardized guidelines for the highway maintenance operation is not in place. Therefore, in order for domestic road construction and maintenance technology to secure competitiveness in the global construction market, it is urgent to improve the management capacity for maintenance as well as the technology and management capacity. This study examines highway maintenance practices in OECD countries such as North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan to identify core elements of highway maintenance practice. It is imperative to establish a comprehensive management system based upon asset management principle. Even if the budget for the highway construction is reduced, investment in maintenance needs to be maintained.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.409-418
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• 2021

Conformal coating is a technology that protects PCB(Printed Circuit Board) and minimizes PCB failures. Since the defects in the coating are linked to failure of the PCB, the coating surface is examined for air bubbles to satisfy the successful conditions of the conformal coating. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for detecting problematic bubbles in high-risk groups by applying image signal processing. The algorithm consists of finding candidates for problematic bubbles and verifying candidates. Bubbles do not appear in visible light images, but can be visually distinguished from UV(Ultra Violet) light sources. In particular the center of the problematic bubble is dark in brightness and the border is high in brightness. In the paper, these brightness characteristics are called valley and mountain features, and the areas where both characteristics appear at the same time are candidates for problematic bubbles. However, it is necessary to verify candidates because there may be candidates who are not bubbles. In the candidate verification phase, we used convolutional neural network models, and ResNet performed best compared to other models. The algorithms presented in this paper showed the performance of precision 0.805, recall 0.763, and f1-score 0.767, and these results show sufficient potential for bubble test automation.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2019

Studies are now actively underway to confirm the degree of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with brain-related diseases (dementia, schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson's disease). Among them, Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used in treatment because it is a technique that is used for noninvasive brain neuron control in patients with brain disorders. It can be seen that muscle fatigue of normal people increases during Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Therefore, in this paper, our purpose is to build an EMG measurement system to measure motor neuron-induced response during transcranial magnetic stimulation and We identify a motor-neutral response system using tendency in the RMS graph. As an experimental method, the Raw Data received through the surface EMG device and analyzed by RMS technique, after the contraction and relaxation movement of the biceps brachii. As a result of the experiment, we confirmed the trend of rising RMS graph, and it will can be used to determine the self-stimulation intensity for each individual in consideration of the data of the motor-neutral response.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.119-133
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• 2022

Due to the improvement of surveying, mapping and communication techniques, various apps for road direction guides and vehicle navigations have been developed. Although such a development has impacted on walking and driving, there is a limit to improving the daily convenience of the socially impaired people. This is mainly due to the fact that the software have been developed for normal pedestrians and drivers. Therefore, visually impaired people still have problems with the confusion of direction and/or non-provision of risk factors in walking. This study aimed to propose a scheme which constructs data for mobility-impaired or traffic-impaired people based on various geospatial information. The factors and components related to walking for the visually impaired are selected by geospatial data and a walking route guidance network that can be applied to a commercial software. As a result, it was confirmed that road direction guidance would be possible if additional contents, such as braille blocks (dotted/linear), sound signals, bus stops, and bollards are secured. In addition, an initial version of the application software was implemented based on the suggested data model and its usefulness was evaluated to a visually impaired person. To advance the stability of the service in walking for the visually impaired people, various geospatial data obtained by multiple institutes are necessary to be combined, and various sensors and voice technologies are required to be connected and utilized through ICT (Information and Communications Technologies) technology in near future.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2022

Distichiasis is one of the diseases commonly encountered in companion animals, and these abnormal eyelashes cause corneal ulcers, continuous eye irritation, eye pain, glare, epiphora, foreign body sensation and can cause corneal opacity and vision loss in severe cases. In this study, an eyelash epilation needle for animals was developed and applied to a real case, and the results were observed. In a case of corneal ulcer caused by distichiasis of a 2-year-old Shih Tzu, a high-frequency surgical instrument for animals was converted into an electric epilation needle to attempt a procedure to destroy the eyelash hair follicles on the upper eyelid. A epilation needle was developed to have a diameter of 0.1 mm and a length of 4 mm at the end of the handle of DOCTANZ 400, an electrosurgical instrument for animals only. In the procedure, 2~3 mm of an epilation needle was inserted into the hair follicle, and 1 watt of electric power was applied to the hair follicle for about 5 sec. to carry out electrolysis until white bubbles were generated around the meibomian glands thereby destroying the hair follicle. As a result, no eyelashes grew any longer in the treated area indicating that the treatment was successful. It is hoped that the method developed in this study will be applied so that it will be widely used as a treatment method for distichiasis in companion animals that can be frequently seen hereafter.