• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 1990

Infusion of bradykinin (BK) into the renal arteries increases sodium excretion. However, it is not clear whether natriuresis results from the renal hemodynamic effects or from the direct effect on renal tubular sodium transport. Therefore, we examined the effects of BK on the transport-dependent oxygen consumption in the distal tubule (DT) and cortical collecting tubule (CCT) of deoxycorticosterone-treated rats. BK inhibited oxygen consumption in a dose-dependent way with a maximal reduction at $0.1\;{\mu}M$ BK. The inhibitory effect of BK was not present in the absence of sodium or in the presence of ouabain (1 mM). These data imply that the inhibitory effect of BK is restricted to the sodium transport-dependent oxygen consumption. We also investigated the relationship between the effect of BK on oxygen consumption and arachidonic acid metabolism. Mepacrine $(10\;{\mu}M)$, an inhibitor of membrane phospholipases, prevented the inhibitory effect of BK, but indomethacin (0.5 mM) didn't. These results suggest that BK decreases the sodium transport-related oxygen consumption in the rat DT and/or CCT, and that it may be mediated by products of enzymes other than cyclooxygenase.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 1990

The interaction between a calcium channel blocker nifedipine and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was examined in normotensive and renal hypertensive rats. The infusion of either ANP or nifedipine produced a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP). The combined infusion of ANP with nifedipine resulted in a greater fall of MAP than did the infusion of each drug alone. ANP significantly increased urinary volume and excretion of sodium, while nifedipine was without effects. The diuretic/natriuretic effects of ANP were potentiated by the combined infusion with nifedipine. The vasodepressor and renal effects of ANP or nifedipine were qualitatively similar between the normotensive and hypertensive rats. Nifedipine caused an upward and leftward shift of the ANP dose-relaxation curve of the phenylephrine-precontracted thoracic aortic rings isolated from the normotensive rats , suggesting that the vasodilation sensitivity to ANP is increased in the presence of nifedipine. These results indicate that nifedipine enhances the vasodepressor effect of ANP, the likely mechanisms being attributable to a contraction of effective intravascular volume as a consequence of potentiated renal excretion and a greater peripheral vasodilation.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.18-23
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• 2009

지난 50여년간 국가유공자 및 제대군인의 보상은 전쟁 및 군복무중 발생한 상이처로 인해 장애를 입은 자를 중심으로 보상해 왔으며, 군 복무 중 발생한 질병의 보상에 대해서는 아직까지 심도 있게 논의된바 없다. 우선 한국의 군복무와 관련한 질병 보상과 관련한 본격적인 논의에 앞서 중요하게 고려되야 할 부분은 우리보다 100여년 이상 앞서 연구해 왔고 지금까지도 활발히 진행중인 미국의 질병 보상 제도와 질병 인정범위에 대해 분석해볼 필요성이 제기된다. 미국의 군복무와 관련한 질병에 관한 최초 보상의 역사는 1800년대로 군복무와 관련한 질병에 관한 대표적인 최초의 보상 질환은 PTSD(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)의 초기 형태인 향수병(nostalgia)으로 이 질환이 군복무와 연관된 질환으로 인정받은 최초 질병이었다. 미국의 경우 미국의 군복무와 관련된 질환은 직접질환과 추정 질환으로 분류되는데 먼저 군복무 직접 질환의 경우 질병 보상이 되는 대표적 질환은 고혈압, 당뇨, 빈혈, 동맥경화증, 관절염, 심장염, 간질, 신장염, 정신병, 활동성 결핵, 위궤양 등 거의 모든 질환이 포함되어 있다. 특히, 정신병 흡연과 음주에 의한 질환 자살도 남에게 피해를 주지 않은 경우는 대부분 보상이 된다. 이상 살펴본 바와 같이 선진국에 비해 한국의 군복무와 관련한 질병보상 범위와 너무도 상이한데 국가유공자예우에 관한 법률 시행령 제 14조에 의거 1급부터 7급까지 등급판정을 부여하는데 이는 대부분 외상에 의한 절단, 관통상, 신체 기능상실자를 위주로 보상을 하고 있어 외상과의 합병증이 없는 질병에 대한 보상은 실질적으로 거의 인정을 받지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 끝으로 군복무와 관련한 질병 보상과 의료, 복지증진을 위한 종합적인 발전 방안을 몇가지 제언코자 한다. 첫째, 제대군인 질병연구센타 설립. 둘째, 정신질환, 외상후 스트레스장애군(PTSD), 진행성 질환 무상의료 지원 및 연금지급 셋째, 고엽제 2세환자의 역학조사가 필요하다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.471-474
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• 2002

Transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease is a rare but fatal disease reported after open heart surgeries mainly in Asian people. It can be prevented by pretransfusion gamma irradiation of the fresh whole blood. In this presentation, we report a case of transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease following coronary artery bypass surgery in a 61 year-old male patient. Postoperatively the patient was transfused urgently with 2 units of fresh whole blood from his two sons. He was discharged on postoperative 10 day with only symptom of mild diarrhea. Two days after discharge, he was readmitted because of persistent diarrhea, systemic erythema and high fever. On laboratory examinations, he showed findings of failure in liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow. Hemodynamically he deteriorated acutely and died of multiple organ failure on 17th postoperative day. This has been our first experience since we started open heart program at our hospital and we changed our policy for the transfusion of the fresh whole blood after this event.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.826-837
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• 2021

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic inflammatory condition involving multiple organs, including the salivary or lacrimal glands, orbit, pancreas, bile duct, liver, kidney, retroperitoneum, aorta, lung, and lymph nodes. It is histologically characterized by tissue infiltration with lymphocytes and IgG4-secreting plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. In the thoracic involvement of IgG4-RD, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and perilymphangitic interstitial thickening of the lung are the most common findings. Peribronchovascular and septal thickening and paravertebral band-like soft tissue are characteristic findings of IgG4-RD. Other findings include pulmonary nodules or masses, ground-glass opacity, alveolar interstitial thickening, pleural effusion or thickening, mass in the chest wall or mediastinum, and arteritis involving the aorta and coronary artery. Radiologic differential diagnosis of various malignancies, infections, and inflammatory conditions is needed. In this review, we describe the imaging findings of IgG4-RD and the radiologic differential diagnoses in the thorax.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2001

Purpose : This study was undertaken to investigate clinical aspects of nutcracker syndrome in children including sexual distribution, age of onset, the ratio of peak flow velocity between the narrowed and dilated portions in the left renal vein and prevalence of hematuria or proteinuria. Materials and Method : The subjects included 30 patients diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome using Doppler sonography from September 1999 to January 2001 in Severance Hospital, Department of Pediatric Nephrology. The diagnostic criteria for nutcracker syndrome was a peak flow velocity of ratio is more than 5.0. Results : Patients consisted of 14 males and 16 females. The mean age was 9.19${\pm}$2.31 years old and the ratio of peak flow velocity was 8.52${\pm}$2.24. Age of onset us higher in males 9.68${\pm}$2.82 year old than in females, 8.76${\pm}$1.72 year old respectively(P<0.05). But there was no difference in the ratio of peak flow velocities ; 8.45${\pm}$2.31 in the male group , 8.58${\pm}$2.25 in the female group(P>0.05). There was no difference in the age of onset and the ratio of peak flow velocity between patients with hematuria and without hematuria. Among patients with nutcracker syndrome, 24 cases of hematuria, 3 cases of proteinuria only, and 3 cases of hematuria with proteinuria. Conclusion : In children of school age, early diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome and consistent follow up is worthy of consideration, especially ill the prevention of sequelae. (J. Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 5 : 9-14, 2001)

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.253-261
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• 1989

Responses of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), aldosterone and renin release to acute volume expansion were compared in normotensive Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) fed low or high-sodium diet (2 or 25 mmol Na/100 g diet). Experimental diets were fed for 6 weeks from 7-week-old and the growth rate was similar in all groups. In the morning of the experiment, catheters were inserted under ether anesthesia in femoral artery for pressure recording and blood collection, femoral vein for saline infusion, and bladder for urine collection. Then, the rats were placed in restraining cages. When the rats were recovered from anesthesia and the arterial pressure became stabilized, control urine and blood samples were collected. Then, 0.9% saline was infused for 30 min for volume expansion (3% BW). Arterial pressure was significantly higher in the high-sodium SHR but there was no difference between the two groups of Wistar rats. Control plasma levels of Na, K, ANP, renin activity, and hematocrit were not different among the 4 groups. However, plasma aldosterone level was significantly higher in the low-sodium groups. Wistar low-sodium rats showed approximately two times higher plasma aldosterone level than the SHR counterpart. Volume expansion produced a marked increase in plasma ANP level, especially in the high-sodium groups. The low-sodium groups of both strains showed approximately two-fold increase in plasma ANP level. Following a volume expansion plasma aldosterone level and renin activity decreased in all groups. There was a significant logarithmic positive correlation between plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration. The low-sodium rats produced a greater increase in aldosterone release by small increase in plasma renin than did the high-sodium rats. The low- and high-sodium rats produced a similar degree of diuresis and natriuresis after volume expansion. However, SHR produced a greater natriuresis than did the Wistar rats. The above results indicate that regulatory mechanisms of ANP, aldosterone and renin release are different between the normotensive and hypertensive rats, and between the low- and high-sodium groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1179-1186
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of saengmaec-san on the level of blood glucose and serum components in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The experimental groups were divided into normal group (normal), diabetic control group (Dia-control), 10% saengmaec-san (white ginseng) group (DA), 10% saengmaec-san (fermented white ginseng) group (DB), 10% saengmaec-san (fermented red ginseng) group (DC), 5% saengmaec-san (extruded and fermented white ginseng) group (DDL), 10% saengmaec-san (extruded and fermented white ginseng) group (DDH). The body weight after induction of diabetes was 85.4% in the Dia-control group compared with the normal group. But in the DA group, the body weight showed clear sign of recovery almost normal level after administration of saengmaec-san for two weeks. The food efficiency ratios (FER) were 5.94% in the normal group. But it was significantly decreased in the Dia-control group (0.58%). All the treatment groups showed increase of FER compared with the Dia-control group. The level of blood glucose was significantly increased in the STZ-induced diabetes groups but it was decreased in all the treatment groups after administration for 2 weeks. Serum creatinine level were significantly higher in the STZ-induced diabetes groups and after administration of saengmaeg-san for 2 weeks while the level of serum creatinine was decreased 33.3% in the DB group. After administration of saengmaec-san for two weeks, serum total cholesterol level were significantly lower in all treatment groups than the first day of the total cholesterol level. The level of serum triglyceride was increased in all the treatment groups compared with the first day of triglyceride level. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol, after STZ-induced diabetes, was decreased in all treatment groups but particularly in the DDL and DDH groups increased HDL-cholesterol level compared with the first day of the saengmaec-san administration. Compared with the beginning of experiment, Atherogenic index (AI) were significantly decreased in all treatment groups than the Dia-control group and showed clear sign of recovery almost normal level. These results suggested that the saengmaec-san could be developed as an antidiabetic agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.957-962
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• 2012

The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of an ethanol extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg (PMT) on body lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet for 5 weeks. The rats were divided into 6 groups: a control group (I), a cholesterol-control group (II), a control group treated with 0.5% PMT (III), a control group treated with 1% PMT (IV), a cholesterol-control treated with 0.5% PMT (V), and a cholesterol-control group treated with 1% PMT (VI). Body weight gains and food efficiency ratios were not significantly different among the groups. The levels of serum blood glucose and triglycerides of the treated animals significantly decreased compared to the control and the cholesterol-control groups (p<0.05). There was a clear tendency of decreased LDL-cholesterol level in PMT-treated animals compared to the cholesterol-control group. However, no significant differences were observed in the serum HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol to LDL-cholesterol concentration, both the 0.5% PMT and 1% PTM extract intake groups had a higher percentage than in the control and cholesterol-control groups (p<0.05). In addition, the atherosclerotic index in serum was significantly lower in the PMT intake group than those in the group control and the cholesterol-control. These results indicated that the PMT extract was effective on the improvement of lipid metabolism in SD rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1147-1153
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• 2008

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of feeding trans fat on serum and tissue lipid profiles and fatty acid composition in mice. Forty-five male mice aged at 4 weeks were fed on the 10% palm oil (n-3 deficient group), 20% dried mackerel (n-3 adequate group) and 5% trans fat (trans group) for three months. Total triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were increased in serum, liver and heart of the n-3 deficient and trans groups compared with the n-3 adequate group, while liver HDL-cholesterol levels were lowest in the trans group (p<0.05). In liver and heart, trans group showed higher levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol compared with the n-3 deficient group (p<0.05). In fatty acid compositions of serum, heart, liver and kidney, the intake of trans fat led to increased percentages of 18:1n-9trans and 18:2n-6trans. The trans group showed similar patterns to the n-3 deficient group, except an increased percentage of 18:2n-6cis. Generally, the n-3 deficient and trans groups showed increased percentages of n-6 fatty acids and decreased percentages of n-3 fatty acids, specially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) compared to the n-3 adequate group (p<0.05). These results indicate that intake of trans fat increased total triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, which may affect risk for cardiovascular mortality.