• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.871-879
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analysis the correlation between kidneys function indicators and these size in ultrasonography. A total of 170 (male:86, female:84) patients of sex and age groups were examined by abdominal ultrasonography. The patients classified as those in their 20's, 30's, 40's, and over 50's. We measured the length, width, and cross-sectional height of the kidneys twice. At this time, the length of these were measured from the maximum upper to the maximum lower pole and the widest width in the same ultrasonography was measured to obtain the cross-sectional area. Other relevant indicators included body surface area, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), MDRD (Modification of diet in renal disease) and C-G (Cockcroft-Gault). Significant comparisons of differences between relevant factors by age groups and sex were conducted with a one-way distribution analysis. Correlation analysis was also performed between relevant factors by using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient. It was defined as meaningful when the p-value was less than 0.05. As a result, the length, the width, and the cross-sectional area of kidneys were correlated with GFR, C-G, MDRD. Therefore, it is expected that the accuracy of diagnosis of kidneys disease will be increased if the relevant indicators are evaluated together rather than measuring only length of these in ultrasonography.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.78-81
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• 2009

한의학에서 신장(腎臟)은 단순히 소변을 만들어내는 곳으로 보는 것이 아니라 정력과 생식 활동을 담당하는 곳으로 표현하고 있다. 이러한 신장은 두 개의 강낭콩처럼 생긴 모양을 띄고 있으며 서로 마주 보고 있고 등에 붙어 있어 체내의 조절 기능을 수행하고 있다. 이와 같은 역할을 수행하는 신장에 이상이 발생하면 신부전, 신장염, 신우염 및 부종 등의 신장 질환을 앓게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 신장 기능의 이상 유무를 손쉽게 판단하기 위한 방법으로 음성 분석을 통한 자가 진단법을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 한의학에서 제시하고 있는 신장 질환자에 대한 목소리 패턴을 객관적 지표로 설계하기 위해 정상인과 신장 질환자를 대상으로 음성의 고저(高低)에 해당하는 분석 요소를 적용하여 피실험자 집단간의 비교, 분석을 실험으로 입증하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.7C
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• pp.634-641
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• 2010

End Stage Renal Disease resulting from complications of the 4 top causes of death including diabetes and hyperpiesia becomes one of the major social problems these days in the context that this disease unaffordably increases the medical cost and decreases the quality of life. For a kidney disease, it is hard to diagnose, cure and recover as there are few subjective symptoms. Therefore, the prevention is very important. In this paper, we propose a method, which checks the abnormal state of the kidney, using the patient's face color and gloss which is employed for diagnosis in the oriental medicine. This method composes of two processes. The first is to acquire the patient's face data applying a polarizing filter and the next is to analyse relations between kidney disease and this data.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2017

Serum creatinine-based eGFR and serum cystatin C-based eGFR are the most popular methods for measuring renal function. Thyroid hormone is known to affect serum creatinine-based eGFR and serum cystatin C-based eGFR; however, the clinical significance of thyroid dysfunctional patients of renal function evaluation has not been fully elucidated to date. This study examined the effect of thyroid hormone on serum creatinine-based eGFR and serum cystatin C-based eGFR. Moreover, we also evaluated the correlation analysis between serum creatinine-based eGFR and serum cystatin C-based eGFR in patients with thyroid dysfunction. A total of 442 patients with hypothyroidism and 284 patients with hyperthyroidism were investigated. A correlation analysis between thyroid hormone and serum creatinine- (and cystatin C-) based eGFR was performed. A correlation analysis between thyroid hormone and serum cystatin-C based eGFR indicated that serum cystatin-C based eGFR is more of an independent biomarker than serum creatinine-based eGFR in thyroid dysfunction patients. Therefore, serum cystatin C-based eGFR more accurately reflects renal function than serum creatinine-based eGFR in thyroid dysfunction patients.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.497-507
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• 2000

Purpose: We have examined the utility of $^{99m}Tc$-MAG3 perfusion indices for assessing renal graft function in early post-transplantation period. Materials and Methods: Our study included 80 renal transplant recipients (48 men and 32 women, mean age: 40.3 years). Diagnosis was based on biopsy, laboratory data and clinical course. Renal scintigraphy (RS) was obtained using 100 MBq of $^{99m}Tc$-MAG3 from 11 days to 23 days of kidney transplantation. We measured 5 indices in whole-kidney (WK) and cortical (C) renograms; Hilson's perfusion index (PI), transplant perfusion index (TP) and transplant function index (TF) as perfusion parameter, and the time to peak activity (Tmax) and the ratio of renal counts at 20 min to that at 3 min (K20/3) as functional parameter. Results: The diagnoses at the day of RS were normal graft (NG) in 44, acute rejection (AR) in 14, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in 10, and Cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity (CsA) in 12. TP and TF were significantly decreased in AR, ATN and CsA, compared to those in NG. K20/3 of AR and ATN wore significantly greater than that of NG. WK-Tmax of AR was significantly longer than that of NG. K20/3 of AR and C-K20/3 of ATN were significantly prolonged relative to those of CsA. There were no statistically significant perfusion indices among complication groups. Conclusion: TP and TF reflecting microperfusion and initial tubular extraction are reliable in assessing graft function. However, it is required to correlate perfusion indices with functional indices and clinical course in differentiating from one another among complication groups.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.446-449
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• 2004

공급망의 전략수립과 설계단계에서는 공급망 전체에 어떠한 기능들이 필요한지를 도출하고, 각 기능들의 효과를 분석할 필요가 있으며, 이런 분석 방법으로 전략적 기회요인 분석(SOA)이 있다. 본 논문에서는 기업의 공급망에서 필요한 기능들을 균형성과지표(BSC)를 이용하여 도출하고, 재고 감소, 매출 신장, 운영비용 감소 등으로 도출된 핵심 성공 요인을 정량적인 성능지표로 나누어서 그 값을 산출하여 효과 분석을 수행한다. 기업의 향후 5년간의 추정 손익계산서 등을 입력 받아 기대효과를 자동으로 산출하고, 그 결과를 웹상에서 수치화된 결과로 보고받을 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 분석을 통하여 공급망 관리에서의 필수 요소 기능을 도출함으로써 공급망의 전략수립과 설계에 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 1995

Purpose : We analysed $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ renal scans to evaluate renal function of transplanted kidney and to detect various renal transplant complications, measuring the ratio of renal radioactivity at three minutes to that at 20 minutes(elimination index). Material and Methods : The fifty seven renal transplantation recipients were studied. There were 50 normal functioning transplanted kidneys as group I and 7 abnormal function-ing transplanted kidney, including 5 cases of acute renal rejection, 2 cases of acute tubular necrosis as group IIl. The protocol consisted of: (1) $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ 740MBq injection intravenously : (2) sequential imaging for 2min(60two-second images) followed by 30min(30 sixty-second images) : (3) drawing of region of interest(ROI) on renal imaging; (4) time-activity corves were generated from renal ROI after background subtraction, and time of maximum activity($T_{max}$) and half time of maximal peak radioactivity($T_{1/2}$) were produced in the renogram curve. (5) EI through Bischof-Delaloye method as determined on the renogram curve. Results : Normal group( I ) shows mean EI of 2.21(95.0% Confidence limit of 2.01-2.87), $T_{max}$ of 154 sec, $T_{1/2}$ of 1,139 sec. Abnormal group(II) shows mean EI of 0.74, $T_{max}$ of 1,466 sec, $T_{1/2}$ of 19,224 sec. The EI, $T_{max}$, $T_{1/2}$, BUN and serum creatinine values are significantly different between normal group(I) and abnormal group(II) (p<0.0001). Conclusion : By measuring EI with $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$, renal function of transplanted kidney could be easily evaluated and various complications could be detected early.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

The present study was aimed to investigate whether ethanol-extract of Nelumbo nucifera has an ameliorative effect on the renal function in high fructose-diet induced hypertensive rats. The urine osmolality (Uosmel) was decreased in rats with high fructose-diet ($60\%$) during the whole experiment period without change of the urine volume (UV). The urinary excretion of sodium and chloride were decrease significantly in rats with fructose induced hypertensive rats, wheras urinary excretion of potassium was increased. The creatinine clearance (CCr) and solute-free water reabsorption were also decreased by treatment of fructose rich diet. Among these renal functional parameters, CCr was partially restored by the administration of ethanol-extract of Nelumbo nucifera. The Uosmol was also partially restored by the administration ethanol-extract of Nelumbo nucifera at the end of the experimental period. Taken together, ethanol-extract of Nelumbo nucifera has the ameliorative effect on glomerular filtration rate in rats with high fructose-diet induced hypertension.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1997

This study was planned to evaluate the urinary ascorbic acid as a new biological marker for the intoxication of cadmium, which could possibly be driven by its increased utilization and environmental pollution. In order to meet this goal, we have peformed measurement of urinary ascorbic acid concentration, histopathological examination of the kidney, and biochemical test for the liver function using cadmium-intoxicated rats by oral administration. The average concentrations of urinary ascorbic acid in the $CdCl_2$-treated rats were 214.0 mg/dl for 100 ppm group and 254.3 mg/dl for 200 ppm group during experimental period of 50 days. These levels are 24 and 28 times higher than one in the control group (9.0 mg/dl), respectively. Ultrastructural study showed the eosinophilic hyaline cast and focal effacement, fusion in the renal tubules, as well as loss of foot processes on the glomerular epithelial cells. These results suggested that cadmium may be responsible for renal glomerular injury. The blood levels of AST, ALT and LDH in the treated groups (199 IU/I, 88 IU/I, 1190 U/I for the 100 ppm group and 270 IU/I, 226 IU/I, 760 U/I for the 200 ppm group) were higher than ones in the control group(143 IU/I, 50 IU/I, 334 U/I). These results indicated the cadmium induced the damage of liver function. In conclusion, the administration of cadmium showed a remarkable increase of urinary ascorbic acid with renal and hepatic damage. Therefore, it is expected that measurement of urinary ascorbic acid would be an powerful method as a noninvasive biomarker for cadmium intoxication.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2001

The quantification analysis of renal scintigraphy is strongly affected by the location, shape and size of region of interest(ROI). When ROIs are drawn manually, these ROIs are not reproducible due to the operators' subjective point of view, and may lead to inconsistent results even if the same data were analyzed. In this study, the effect of the ROI variation on the analysis of renal scintigraphy when the ROIs are drawn manually was investigated, and in order to obtain more consistent results, methods for automated ROI definition were developed and the results from the application of the developed methods were analyzed. Relative renal function, glomerular filtration rate and mean transit time were selected as clinical parameters for the analysis of the effect of ROI and the analysis tools were designed with the programming language of IDL5.2. To obtain renal scintigraphy, $^{99m}$Tc-DTPA was injected to the 11 adults of normal condition and to study the inter-operator variability, 9 researchers executed the analyses. The calculation of threshold using the gradient value of pixels and border tracing technique were used to define renal ROI and then the background ROI and aorta ROI were defined automatically considering anatomical information and pixel value. The automatic methods to define renal ROI were classified to 4 groups according to the exclusion of operator's subjectiveness. These automatic methods reduced the inter-operator variability remarkably in comparison with manual method and proved the effective tool to obtain reasonable and consistent results in analyzing the renal scintigraphy quantitatively.