• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 1992

Experiments were conducted in the research field of the Wheat and Barley Research Institute with three barley cultivars, Olbori, Kangbori and Suwon 18, which showed different growth characteristics. The highest rates of daily dry matter accumulation in grains were 1.03 1.94 mg / grain / day in early and optimum sowings and 0.88 1.88 mg / grain / day in late sowings, which occurred around 20～30 days after heading in early and optimum sowings and 15～20 days after heading in late sowings. Grains reached their maximum weight by 40 days after heading in early and optimum sowings and 35 days after heading in late sowings. Total sugar content in grains followed a pattern of linear increase immediately after heading, but it started to decrease around 20 days after heading. On the other hand, starch content continued to increase until maturity. The contents of both components were high in the order of ＆apos;Olbori＆apos; ＆gt; ＆apos;Kangbori＆apos; ＆gt; ＆apos;Suwon 18＆apos;, but they did not respond in a regular pattern to different sowings. 1,000 grain weight showed highly significant positive correlation(r=0.767$^{**}$) with the duration of grain growth, but it had negative correlations with the average (r=-0.548$^{**}$) or the sum (r=-0.595$^{**}$) of post-anthesis daily mean temperature.ature.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2020

In the 2015 revised curriculum, 'Integrated Science' was established to increase convergent thinking and designated as a common subject for all students to learn, regardless of career. In addition, the 2015 revised curriculum introduced 'competence' as a distinctive feature from the previous curriculum. In the 2015 revised curriculum, competencies are divided into core competencies of cross-curricular character and subject competencies based on academic knowledge and skills of the subject. The science curriculum contains five subject competencies: scientific thinking, scientific inquiry, scientific problem solving, scientific communication, scientific participation and life-long learning. However, the description of competencies in curriculum documents is insufficient, and experts' perceptions of competencies are not uniform. Therefore, this study examines the perceptions of science subjects in science high school teachers by deciding that comprehension of competencies should be preceded in order for competency-based education to be properly applied to school sites. First, we analyzed the relationship between achievement standards and subject competencies of integrated science through the operation of an expert working group with a high understanding of the integrated science achievement standards. Next, 31 high school science teachers examined the perception of the five subject competencies through a descriptive questionnaire. The semantic network analysis has been utilized to analyze the teachers' responses. The results of the analysis showed that the three curriculum competencies of scientific inquiry, scientific communication, scientific participation and life-long learning ability are similar to the definitions of teachers and curriculum documents, but in the case of scientific thinking and scientific problem solving, there are some gaps in perception and definition in curriculum documents. In addition, the results of the comprehensive analysis of teachers' perceptions on the five competencies show that the five curriculum competencies are more relevant than mutually exclusive or independent.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2004

Purpose: We studied to decide the operative indication of the metastatic tumor in pelvis according to the oncologic results, the Eastern Cooperative Oncologic Group (ECOG) performance status and complication. Materials and methods: From May 1994 to May 2003, 9 patients who were performed on palliative treatment and 10 paitents on operative treatment due to metastatic tumor of pelvic bone were investigated. On palliative/operative group, the mean age of patients was 57.6/48.0 years old and the ratio of male to female was 5:4/7:3. Primary origins were 3 cases from kidney, 3 from cervix and 2 of lung, 2 of myeloma, 2 of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, and 1 from breast, bladder, testis, prostate, stomach, liver and retroperitoneal leimyosarcoma respectively. The palliative treatment was performed in 5 cases with radiotherapy, 1 with chemotherapy, 2 with combined chemo-radiotherapy and 1 with percutaneous cementation. The operative methods were 1 case of bone cement insertion after curettage, 2 of Girdlestone with internal hemipelvectomy and 7 of reconstruction after wide excision. Reconstructions were done.: 1 case of bone cementation, 5 of autograft prosthesis composite with irradiation or pastuerization and 1 of saddle prosthesis. We have observed the oncologic results, the ECOG performance status and complication. Results: The oncologic results of palliative/operative groups are NED 0/1, AWD 2/6, DOC 1/2 and DOD 6/1. The ECOG performance status was changed from 1.5 into 4.3 in palliative group and from 2.6 into 2.2 in operative group. The complications were 3 cases of the prosthesis failure and 2 of infection. Conclusion: The indication of operation of metastatic pelvic tumor is decided in consideration of the patient's condition, the grade of malignancy in primary tumor and the life expectancy.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 2013

This research was performed to investigate the effect of Agarum cribrosum ethanol extracts on the levels of lipids in the serum of rats fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks. Experimental groups were divided into basal diet only (BDG), high fat diet control (HFDCG), high-fat diet and 5% Agarum cribrosum ethanol extract powder (HF5S), and high-fat diet and 10% Agarum cribrosum ethanol extract powder(HF10S) groups. The levels of hematological variables were not significantly different among the four groups. Compared with the control group's serum total cholesterol level of 89.14 mg/dL, the levels of the HF5S and HF10S groups were significantly lowered to 77.26 and 75.47 mg/dL, respectively. Compared with the control group's LDL-cholesterol leve of 27.41 mg/dL, the LDL-cholesterol levels of the HF5S and HF10S groups were significantly lowered to 20.64 and 20.17 mg/dL, respectively. Also, compared to the control group's serum triglyceride level of 98.36 mg/dL, the triglyceride levels of the HF5S and HF10S groups were significantly lowered to 87.94 and 87.39 mg/dL, respectively. These results indicate that dietary intake of Agarum cribrosum ethanol extracts might have beneficial effects on obesity by reducing body weight and improving blood lipid profile.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.203-208
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• 1999

Purpose: The information on the change of the relative renal function after operation is essential to set the initial treatment plan in unilateral hydronephrosis. So we analyzed the preoperative and postoperative relative renal function, and observed the functional changes by operation and reliability of the various factors in those changes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective trial was done of 81 patients, 35 ureteropelvic junction(UPJ) obstruction and 46 vesicoureteral reflux(VUR), among 393 patients undergoing operations at our institution from March. 1992 to February. 1997. The patients who had infravesical abnormalities, abnormal contralateral kidney and insufficient research data were excluded. We determined the relative renal functions using DTPA and MAG3 scan in UPJ obstruction and DMSA scan in VUR. The mean observation period after operation was 2.01(0.25-4) years. Results: A. UPJ Obstruction 1. The relative renal function was improved significantly after operation(P=0.0007). 2. The kidneys which have preoperative functions between 20% and 40% improved significantly in relative renal function comparing to the kidneys of the other functions(P=0.0046). B. VUR 1. The renal functions didn't improve significantly after operation(P>0.05). 2. There was no significant factor affecting the prognosis in renal functions. Conclusions: 1. The kidneys with UPJ Obstruction show the difference in functional improvement after operation according to the degree of the preoperative renal function, but more investigations about the exact value are needed. 2. In VUR there was no difference between preoperative and postoperative functions, the theoretical basis on objectives of the operation could be the symptoms or factors except the operation.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2000

Purpose: The Pathogenesis of primary noctllrnal enuresis(PNE) is still controversial. Genetic factor and maturational delay of micturition reflex including arousal disorder, lack of nocturnal Arginine Vasopressin(AVP) release and functional bladder capacity have been suggested. We analyzed the risk factors of PNE. Methods: Fifty five children with PNE (20 enuretics diagnosed at school physical examination of the first grade students at Mok-Dong Elementary School and 35 enuretics (Age 6-7 year) diagnosed at Ewha Womans University Mok Dong Hospital) and 221 control students without PNE at school physical examination were included. Genetic, stress and developmental factors, arousability, water intake, urine volume, maximun voiding volume and daytime voiding dysfunction were compared. Results: 1) There was no significant difference between PNE and control group in sex ratio, birth order, percentage of working mothers, parental and child personality, age to start walking, school record and duration of sleep. 2) Family history in the PNE group was significantly higher than control group ($20.0\%\;vs\;2.7\%$)(P<0.05). 3) The difficulty in arousal in the PNE group was significantly more common than the control group ($70.9\%\;vs\;54.3\%$)(P<0.05). 4) Nocturnal water intake in the PNE group was significantly greater than the control group ($330{\pm}158.2\;mL\;vs\;235{\pm}129.5\;mL$). Nocturnal urine volume in the PNE group was significantly greater than the control group ( $390{\pm}61.5\;mL\;vs\;140{\pm}43.2\;mL$)(P<0.05). Daily water intake and daily urine volume did not significantly differ between the two groups. 5) Maximum urine volume per void in the PNE group was significantly lower than the control group ($107{\pm}35.9\;mL\;vs\;236{\pm}41.3\;mL$). Daytime voiding dysfunction in the PNE group was significantly more common than the control group ($80.0\%\;vs\;57.9\%$). The voiding frequency in the PNE group was significantly greater than the control group ($7.0{\pm}3.6\;vs\;5.4{\pm}1.6$)(P<0.05). Conclusion: In addition to genetic factors and maturational delay of micturition reflex (difficulty in arousal, nocturnal polyuria and decreased functional bladder capacity) nocturnal polydypsia was found to be the important risk factors fur PNE. So nocturnal fluid restriction should be encouraged as the first-line management of PNE.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2007

This study was performed to anticancer activities and immune modulatary activities according to the parts of the S. japonica Sieb. et Zucc. The cytotoxicity on human kidney cell (HEK 293) was showed below 27.4% in adding the methanol extracts. The anticancer activity were increased in over 60% by barks extracts in AGS and MCF-7 cells. The immune cell growth using human immune B and T cells was improved by the barks extracts of S. japonica Sieb. et Zucc. in adding 1.0mg/ml concentration. The secretion of the IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ from human immune B and T cells was showed secretion for the amount of cytokines by bark extracts of S. japonica Sieb. et Zucc. NK cell growth was increased against control all of the extracts of S. japonica Sieb. et Zucc. Densitometric analysis of Bcl-2 revealed that possible to decrease potentialities of taking cancer in adding of extracts from S. japonica Sieb. et Zucc. From the results, the roots and barks extracts of S. japonica Sieb. et Zucc. were showed useful biological activities.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.48-55
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• 2009

Purpose: As Korean nuclear law doesn't have any clear guideline about the dose and the external dose rate(uSv/h) requiring hospitalization in radioactive iodine treated patients, the patients are discharged when they meet the guideline of IAEA Basic Safety Standards(BSS). We measured external dose rate(${\mu}Sv/h$) of inpatient underwent 3700MBq (100 mCi) $^{131}I$ radioiodine treatment and considering external dose rate(${\mu}Sv/h$), residual activity(mCi) and excretion rate(%) we found the time for RA to be lowered from 3700MBq (100 mCi) to 1110 MBq (30 mCi) to give reference to set a guideline for discharge. Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients underwent thyroidectomy and scheduled for radioiodine treatment, who received 3700MBq (100 mCi) of $^{131}I$ orally and had no renal disease were examined. After 1, 2, 4, 8, and 20, 24, 40 hours iodine uptake and before/after the urination, the external dose rate(${\mu}Sv/h$) measured using FH40G-L(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., MA) at a distance and a height of 1 m for 20 sec on the average. Results and Conclusions: At 20 hours, the external dose rate was decreased to $49{\pm}13\;{\mu}Sv$/h, namely, 78% of administrated radioactivity was excreted and 814 MBq (30 mCi) was residual, and it met the accepted limit for discharge of (IAEA, BSS) under 1110 MBq (30 mCi) (1 m at 66 uSv/h).

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 2002

This article is to report a new technique for reconstruction of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of anterior cruciate ligament by separate tensioning and fixation of the each bundle. Method : Tibial and femoral tunnels were made with conventional technique of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Tibial tunnel was enlarged $5\~7$ mm in anterior-posterior direction to make oval it in cross section. When preparing the Achilles tendon allograft, bone plug portion was trimmed as the conventional technique. The tendinous portion was trimmed as two separate bundles by dividing the tendinous portion longitudinally, so the graft is shaped like 'Y'. The bone plug portion of allograft was inserted into the femoral tunnel and fixed with absorbable cross pins. Two ligamentous portionss of the distal part of the grafts were tensioned separately at the external orifice. Anteromedial bundle was fastened under maximum tension with the knee flexed 90 degrees by post-tie method. The posterolateral bundle was fixed by the same technique with the knee in full extension. Then, an absorbable interference screw was inserted between the two bundles upto the upper end of the tibial tunnel, to get more initial rigidity of the reconstructed graft as well as to locate the two bundles in more anatomic position.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.715-722
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• 2003

This study is to investigate effects of green tea and capsulated components mixture on body fat and serum lipid composition and fat distribution in college women students in terms of supplemented periods. During 3 months of this research, 34 college women students (average age 20.3 yr) were selected as subjects. Nutrient intake was investigated by questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. Anthropolatric assessments of the subjects were investigated by SBIA method (Segmental Bioimpedance Assay, Inbody 3.0). The results were as follows: mean body height was 162.5cm and mean body weight and mean BMI (Body Mass Index, kg/$m^2$) were 57.9kg and 21.9, respectively. Status of carbohydrate intake decreased significantly (p<0.05) and dietary fiber intake increased significantly (p<0.001) after supplementation. WHR (waist-hip ratio) decreased significantly (p<0.05) and body fat and percent body fat decreased significantly after supplementation (p<0.05). Total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased significantly after supplementation (p<0.001). Above results of this study show that green tea, silk peptide and dietary fiber supplementation-added routine diet improves body fat distribution, total cholesterol, triglyceride. Especially, declination of abdominal fat and WHR was notable, since that means diminution of risk factors for obesity and chronic degenerative diseases.