• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.2 s.42
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• pp.251-267
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• 1993

The relationship between lead related subject symptoms and lead exposure indices was studied in 435 male lead workers in thirteen lead using industries. 212 male office workers who were not exposed to lead occupationally were also studied as a control group. Fourteen lead related symptoms were selected. They were further subdivied into 4 sub-symptom groups such as 1) gastrointestinal, 2) neuromuscular and joint 3) constitutional, and 4) psychological symptoms. Symptom questionnaires were provided to the workers and filled up by themselves and reconfirmed by interviewer(doctor). The test used fer the evaluation of lead exposure were blood lead(PbB), zinc protoporphyrin in whole blood(ZPP), hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit (Hct), delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine(DALA). The results obtained were as follows; 1. The higher prevalence rate in the sub-group of neuromuscular and joint symptoms was observed in occupationally lead exposed subjects than non-exposed subjects. Among the sub-groups, the most frequent symptom was 'numbness of finger, hands or feet', and the prevalence of the symptom of 'arthralgia', 'weakness of fingers, hands or feet' and 'myalgia' were higher in order. 2. While the symptom which showed the biggest difference of prevalence rate among the 14 symptoms between exposed and non-exposed subjects was 'numbness of fingers, hands or feet', the symptom which showed the highest prevalence rate was 'feeling tired generally' in exposed and non-exposed subjects, but no statistical difference of symptom prevalence were observed. 3. In total study population, PbB and ZPP had dose-response relationship with 4 symtoms of neuromuscular and joint symptoms ('numbness of finger, hands or feet', 'arthralgia', 'weakness of fingers, hands or feet' and 'myalgia') and one symptom of gastrointestinal group('intermittent pains in lower abdomen'). 4. In lead exposed workers, only neuromuscular and joint symptoms group showed dose-response relationship with PbB and ZPP, 5. In lead exposed workers, the prevalance rate of overall symptoms of lead workers with age below 39 years was higher than that of lead workers with age above 40. While neuromuscular and joint symptoms group had a dose-response relationship with PbB in former group, it had a dose-response relationship with ZPP in latter group. 6. Age adjusted odds ratios of symptoms of non-exposed with exposed and odds ratios of low exposed with high exposed workers showed the dose-response relationship of lead exposure with neuromuscular and joint symptoms group('numbness of fingers, hands or feet', 'arthralgia', 'weakness of fingers, hands or feet' and 'myalgia') and gastrointestinal symptoms group('intermittent pains in lower abdoman').

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.19-23
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• 2017

This paper presents a lateral driver model with neuromuscular system to evaluate the performance of electric power steering (EPS). Output of most previously developed driver models is steering angle. However, in order to evaluate EPS system, driver model which results in steering torque output is needed. The proposed lateral driver model mainly consists of 2 parts: desired steering angle calculation and conversion of steering angle into steering torque. Desired steering angle calculation part results in steering angle to track desired yaw rate for path tracking. Conversion of steering angle into torque is consideration with neuromuscular system. The proposed driver model is investigated via actual driving data. Compared to other algorithms, the proposed algorithm shows similar pattern of steering angle with human driver. The proposed driver can be utilized to efficiently evaluate EPS system in simulation level.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.74-91
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• 2005

척추의 기본적인 생체 역학적 기능은 신체 부분간의 운동을 허용하고 척수와 신경근을 보호하는 것으로서 이러한 기능을 수행하기 위해서는 척추의 역학적 안정성이 필수적이다. 척추의 안정체계는 수동적 근 골격계, 능동적 근 골격계, 그리고 신경계의 세 가지 하부체계로 나누어지며 이들 하부체계는 각각 독립적으로 안정성에 관여하고 있다. 경추의 불안정성의 문제는 비정상적으로 증가된 추간관절의 운동에 의해 염증성의 신경을 압박 또는 신장하거나 또는 통증수용기가 많이 분포하는 인대, 관절낭, 섬유륜과 종판에 비정상적인 변형을 일으키는 것을 말한다. 안정성의 장애는 근육의 기능적 측면에서 국소적 안정체계와 포괄적 안정체계의 문제로 구분할 수 있다. 불안정한 경추 환자의 임상적 양상은 일반적으로 머리가 앞으로 나오고 전방 전위된 자세로 견갑대와 승모근 상부의 과활동성을 나타낸다. 또한 능동운동은 감소되지 않으나 수동운동에서 분절의 회전운동과 병진운동의 증가와 종말감의 변화가 있다. 경추의 불안정성을 관리하기 위한 실험적 연구로 전반적인 근육 훈련, 고유수용기 훈련, 그리고 도수치료의 세 가지 주된 접근법이 있고 실제적인 접근법으로는 고유수용성 재활프로그램, 칼텐본-에반스 접근법, 그리고, 슬링운동법 등이 있다. 각 방법들은 임상에서 나름대로의 이점이 있으며 환자의 상태에 따라 이들 방법을 단독으로 또는 병행해서 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 경추에서 이러한 방법들의 효과를 입증하는 증거는 부족하여 앞으로 이러한 방법에 대한 임상적 경험보다는 그 효과를 입증할 수 있는 연구가 필요하다고 본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.307-312
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• 2002

새로운 산업 구조와 변화된 사회 환경으로 인해 우리나라에서 최근 급증하고 있는 직업병 중의 하나가 직업 성 근골격계질환(Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders, WMSDs)이다. 이 질환은 특정한 신체 부위의 반복 작업과 불편하고 부자연스러운 작업 자세, 강한 노동 강도, 과도한 힘, 불충분한 휴식, 추운 작업 환경, 진통 등이 원인이 되어 목, 어깨, 팔꿈치, 손목, 손가락, 허리, 다리 등 주로 관절 부위를 중심으로 근육과 혈관, 신경 등에 미세한 손상이 생겨 결국 통증과 감각 이상을 호소하는 근골격계질환의 만성적인 건강장해다.(중략)

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.5-31
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• 2013

The principle objective of this study is to determine factors affecting social participation for physically disabled people with musculoskeletal conditions (spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy, osteogenesis imperfecta, rheumatoid arthritis) in South Korea using ICF relevant categories of the international classification index by WHO. The subjects of this study 352 people with physical disabilities, the data were collected using ICF component(body functions, body structures, activities and participation and environmental factors) and the relevant categories deprived from ICF core sets. The collected data were evaluated with descriptive analysis, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follow. The mental function, Neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions, Genitourinary and reproductive functions, Skin and related structures, Learning and applying knowledge, General tasks and demands, and Mobility positively influenced social participation in people with musculoskeletal conditions. However individual factors and environmental factors didn't statistically significant affect on social participation. The implications of the study is to examine by ICF components of universal approach on disability study and utilized the relevant ICF categories as measurement tools.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.87-106
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• 2001

슬링 운동 치료(Sling Exercise Therapy)는 근골격계 질환 환자의 영구적인 치유를 목적으로 슬링을 이용한 능동적인 치료와 운동법을 체계화한 접근법이다. 이 개념은 10 여년 전부터 노르웨이의 물리치료사들을 중심으로 발전되어 왔으며, 현재 뇌졸중 환자와 신경학적 질환자 그리고 소아 환자와 건강 증진 프로그램에서도 이용되는 방법들이 개발되어지고 있다. 현재 정형물리치료 분야에 대한 세계적인 흐름은 전기치료 기구나 물리치료사의 손에 의해 수동적으로 이루어지는 치료 접근에서 점차 환자가 스스로 물리치료사에 의해 특별히 고안된 운동방법에 따라 능동적인 치료적 운동을 통해 손상 치료와 건강 관리를 하는 방향으로 발전되어지고 있으면 많은 치료 분야에서 이러한 접근법을 채택하고 있다. 슬링운동치료 개념은 이러한 능동적인 운동법을 주된 목적으로 이용하고 있다. 이 논문은 근골격계 질환의 치료를 중심으로 쓰여졌다. SET 개념에는 체계적인 진단과 치료의 요소들이 포함되어져 있다. 진단 체계에는 열린 사슬과 닫힌 사슬을 이용하여 단계적으로 부하를 가해 줌으로서 근육의 상태를 검사하는 방식을 가지고 있다. 치료적 체계를 구성하는 요소에는 근육의 안정화, 감각운동 훈련, 열린 사슬과 닫힌 사슬을 이용한 훈련법, 가동성있는 연부 조직의 역동적 훈련, 심폐 강화 훈련, 단체 훈련, 가정에서의 개별적 훈련과 추후 관리 그리고 운동 프로그램을 제공하기 위한 컴퓨터 소프트웨어가 포함되어 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 1992

The sciatic nerves of anesthetized rabbits were exposed and stimulated by a nerve stimulator in order to observe the myoneural response. These rabbits were divided into three groups and respectively injected with morphine (Group 1), meperidine(Group 2) and pentazocine (Group 3). The sciatic nerves were stimulated periodically and gait changes were observed to see the myoneural activity after the injections. When the distal part of the sciatic nerves were stimulated by the nerve stimulator after the respective drug injections, the normal muscle twitch responses were observed in all the progressional stages of Group 1. However, in Group 2 and 3, the muscle twitch responses decreased gradually, finally disappearing after approximately 10 minutes in these two groups. Complete motor paralysis continued for about 60 minutes. The muscle reactions returned to normal approximately 90 minutes after injection. Specimens drug-injected tissues were severed 4 hours, 24 hours and 1 week after injection respectively. These tissue were investigated under light as well as electron microscopy. The tissue revealed rare to moderate vacuolizations scattered in the axons of the myelinated and unmyelinated nerves of some of the specimens; however, there were no significant pathologic lesions. These results provide evidence that neurophysiologically, meperidine and pentazocine have a local anesthetic-like effect such as motor paralysis, but morphine does not. In addition, the results indicated that neurohistologically, the three narcotics have no significant toxic effects on the nerve tissue.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

The thrower's shoulders require a delicate balance between mobility and functional stability. First step to successful nonoperative management is an accurate diagnostic approach. Rehabilitation program follows a well-organized, multiphase approach with focus on controlling painful inflammation, restoring muscle balance, obtaining joint flexibility, improving proprioception and neuromuscular control, and effectively returning to competitive pitching. In this article, the typical musculoskeletal profile of the overhead thrower and various rehabilitation programs for specific injuries are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.351-362
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• 2010

연구목적 : 수심 깊이에 따른 수중운동이 하지근력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법 : 신경근골격계 질환이 없는 여자 10명을 대상으로 하였고, 무작위로 수성 0.7m 그룹과 1.4m 그룹으로 배치하였다. 수중운동은 1회 40분, 주 3회 6주 동안 적용하였다. Ultrasound MyLab25(Esaote, Italy)를 이용하여 하지근육의 우모각과 밀도를 실험전과 후에 측정하였다. 연구결과 : 골격근 구조의 역학적 특성을 나타내는 우모각 변화를 비교한 결과 0.7m 그룹의 오른쪽 넙다리곧은근과 왼쪽 넙다리곧은근, 앞정강근 그리고 장딴지근에서, 1.4m 그룹의 오른쪽 앞정강근과 장딴지근, 왼쪽 넙다리곧은근에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났으나(p<.05), 수심 깊이에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>.05). 또한, 질적 특성을 나타내는 근육 영상 밀도 변화를 비교한 결과 0.7m 그룹의 오른쪽 넙다리곧은근, 장딴지근과 왼쪽 넙다리곧은근, 앞정강근, 장딴지근에서 1.4m 그룹의 양쪽 넙다리곧은근, 앞정강근, 장딴지근에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났고(p<.05), 특히 1.4m 그룹에서 현저한 증가를 보였으나 수심 깊이에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>.05). 결론 : 본 연구에서는 수심 차이에 관계없이 수중운동 후 근밀도와 우모각에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2015

This research was to develop the cycling system of lower limbs for rehabilitation during cycle exercise in supine position. Also we analyzed the muscular activity of lower-limbs at various exercise conditions according to exercise mode, load, velocity. 42 healthy subjects(ages 20-60 years) were participated. We measured the muscular activities of right lower limb muscle in rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, soleus. Results, medial gastrocnemius shows high value on load 10 stage than load 1 and 5 stage. And all muscular activity except medial gastrocnemius was decreased as increase of velocity. We have found that there is a difference of lower limbs activity depending on exercise mode and method. This study could be applied to reference data to develop cycle system of lower limbs for rehabilitation.