• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2011

In this study, we examined the impact caused by chronic exposure to Mn by investigating the degree of brain activation based on the data of recognition activities using fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging). A questionnaire survey, blood tests, and fMRI tests were carried out with respect to two groups. Group 1 was an exposure group consisting of 15 male workers who are 34 years old or older, and who worked for longer than 10 years in a shipbuilding factory as a welder. Group 2 was a control group consisting of 15 workers in manufacturing industries with the same gender and age. The results showed that blood Mn concentration of Group 1($1.3\;{\mu}g/dl$) was significantly higher than that of Group 2($0.8\;{\mu}g/dl$)(p < 0.001), and Pallidal Index (PI) of Group 1 was also significantly higher than that of Group 2 (p < 0.001). PI value of the group whose blood Mn concentration was $0.93\;{\mu}g/dl$ or higher was significantly higher than that of the group whose blood Mn concentration was less than $0.93 \;{\mu}g/dl$ (p < 0.001). As for brain activity area within the control group, the right and the left areas of occipital cortex showed significant activity and the left area of middle temporal cortex, the right area of superior inferior frontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex showed significant activity. Unlike the control group, the exposure group showed significant activity on the right area of superior inferior temporal cortex, the left of insula area. In the comparison of brain activity areas between the two groups, the exposure group showed significantly higher activation than the control group in such areas as the right inferior temporal cortex, the left area of superior parietal cortex and occipital cortex, and cerebellum including middle temporal cortex. However, in nowhere the control group showed more activated area than the exposure group. As the final outcome, chronic exposure to Mn increased brain activity during implementation of arithmetic task. In an identical task, activation increased in superior inferior temporal cortex, and insula area. And it was discovered that brain activity increase in temporal area and occipital area was more pronounced in the exposure group than in the control group. This result suggests that chronic exposure to Mn in the work environment affects brain activation neuro-network.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 1993

This study reports a prospective analysis of anatomical variations of recurrent laryngeal nerves during 300 thyroidectomies. During thyroidectomies for variable thyroid diseases. the course of recurrent laryngeal nerve was completely isolated from root of neck to the inferior comus of thyroid cartilage. In left side, nerve(53.7%) predominantly ran posterior to the inferior thyroidal artery(p<0.05) but in right side there was no predominant pattern. There were three nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves in the right side. About half of the cases in both sides(51.2% in right, 50.5% in left side) had one or more branches before terminating at cricothyroidal muscles. The average length of branches from inferior comus of thyroid cartilage to the origination of individual branch were l2.0mm in right side and 13.3mm in left side. In right side, majority(50.7%) of nerves ran though paratracheal space but difference did not reach the statistical but in left side, majority(88.3%) ran through tracheoesophageal groove and it was the dominant pattern(p<0.01), the overall status of passages of the nerve were relatively straight in left side(straight 87.8%, oblique 52.1%).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.130-140
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• 1997

The osteological features of Rhodeus uyekii were examined. In this study, the detailed descriptions of cranium, vertebra and fin skeleton of Rhodeus uyekii are presented. R. uyekii had the following characteristics ; there was no fontanell in the cranium ; there was no process of supraethmoid ; the free interneural spine was large and flat ; the dorsal process of the supraoccipital was high and triangular ; the fourth infraorbital was reduced ; in the urohyal, the hypohyal attachment is bifurcated, the horizontal and vertical plate has a elongated rhombus shape with posterior edge pointed ; there was no coracoid foramen in the shoulder girdle ; there was no uroneural in the first preural centrum.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.77-80
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• 2021

Plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs) represent an uncommon variant (30%) of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1), in which neurofibromas arise from multiple nerves as bulging and deforming masses involving connective tissue and skin folds. We report the case of a 17-year-old man with known NF-1 presenting with bilateral occipital neuralgia that began in his late adolescence. His chief complaint was radiating pain in the occiput induced by protective helmet wear when riding alpine skiing. Craniofacial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the presence of fusiform masses arising from the bilateral greater occipital nerves. Histopathological examination of the biopsy samples showed PNFs. After surgical treatment, the patient's symptoms completely improved. Unlike cutaneous neurofibromas, PNFs have different clinical characteristics and have the risk of malignant mutations. Correct diagnosis and adequate surgical treatment are necessary for PNFs.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of self swallowing exercise program with neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) on swallowing function. Methods : Subjects who were diagnosed in dysphagia were randomly divided into the control group or experimental group. Both group were received NMES during 60 minutes with traditional swallowing therapy during 30 minutes. Additionally the experimental group was received self swallowing exercise during 30 minutes. We invested subject's characteristics through medical chart. We used VDS(Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale) and PAS(Penetration Aspiration Scale) for assessing the swallowing function. Results : There were not significantly different in both group's pre swallowing function. The control group was significantly improved on pyriform sinus residue, aspiration, and VDS total score(p<.05). The experimental group was significantly improved on vallecular residue, pyriform sinus residue, and VDS total score(p<.05). Both group's difference of pre and post swallowing function were not significantly different. Conclusion : Self swallowing exercise and traditional swallowing therapy with NMES and traditional swallowing therapy with NMES are positive effect on swallowing function. The self swallowing exercise is not effective factor.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1327-1336
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• 2023

This case report presents the effectiveness of Korean medicine in the treatment of occipital neuralgia. The patient with occipital neuralgia was treated with acupuncture. Acupuncture treatment was administered to the occipital nerve area, which is commonly used in occipital nerve blocks by western medicine doctors. The severity of the symptoms was assessed daily using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score of pain. The patient received outpatient treatment a total of 7 times, and only received acupuncture treatment each time. According to the patient, his symptoms decreased by about 90% two days after acupuncture treatment, and the frequency and duration of the symptoms also decreased. Seven days after all acupuncture treatments, the severity of pain was reduced from NRS 6 to NRS 0. The findings of this case report suggest that treatment with Korean medicine can be an effective option for treating occipital neuralgia. Acupuncture can be a good treatment method for occipital neuralgia, along with western drug treatment and occipital nerve block.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 2015

기관을 침범한 갑상선 악성종양을 제거한 후에 성문하부에 비교적 큰 기관 결손이 발생할 수 있다. 단단문합술은 넓은 부위의 결손부를 재건하는 방법으로 널리 받아들여지고 있지만, 문합부 파열, 반회후두신경마비, 재협착 등의 합병증이 발생할 수 있다. 본 증례는 기도를 침범한 갑상선 유두암종을 제거한 후 윤상연골과 기관연골의 비교적 큰 결손부를 흉쇄유돌근 근골막피판을 사용하여 안전하게 재건한 사례이다. 55세 남자 환자가 기도를 침범한 갑상선 유두상암으로 내원하였으며 기도침범은 윤상연골(둘레의 약 30%)과 4개의 기관연골(둘레의 약 50%)을 해당하는 넓은 부위였다. 수술 전 기관절개술을 시행하여 주위 기관연골의 상태가 좋지 않아 단단문합술 시행 후 문합부 파열 가능성이 있다고 판단하여 흉쇄유돌근 근골막피판을 이용하여 재건하기로 계획하였다. 갑상선 절제술, 경부림프절 절제술, 흉쇄유돌근 근골막피판을 이용한 재건술을 시행하였으며 수술 후 12일째 별다른 문제없이 퇴원하였다. 환자는 수술 후 현재 22개월 간 기도 협착 등의 별다른 합병증 없이 지내고 있다. 흉쇄유돌근 근골막피판은 성문하부나 기관지 전외측벽의 비교적 큰 결손부를 재건하는 데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2014

목 적 CO2 가스 삽입 없이 내시경 보조 갑상선 절제술, 특히 액와 절개를 이용하는 경우의 대부분은 기구 사용을 용이하게 하기 위하여 흉부 또는 유륜에 절개를 넣어 시행하는 것이 대부분이다. 본 연구는 후이개 절개를 통하여 추가적 절개 없이 내시경을 이용한 갑상선 절제술 및 중심 임파선 절제술이 가능한지의 여부를 사체연구를 통하여 확인해 보고자 한다. 방 법 사체 이용 해부 및 수술 후이개 내시경 보조 갑상선 절제술이 가능한지의 확인은 수술 시야 및 접근성, 수술 완성도, 그리고 주요 구조물의 보존 여부인 3가지 항목으로 평가하였다. 결 과 수술 시야는 기구를 다루고 수술을 하기에 충분하였으며, 추가 절개 없이 수술을 완성할 수 있었다. 절제된 갑상선 조직의 피막은 손상되지 않았으며, 잔존 갑상선 조직이 없음을 수술 부위를 통하여 확인하여, 수술의 완성도 여부를 평가할 수 있었다. 모든 사체에서 되돌이 후두신경 및 상 또는 하부갑상선의 보존을 확인하였으며, 주변 구조물들의 손상이 없음을 확인하였다. 결 론 로봇이 아닌 후이개 절개를 이용한 내시경 보조 갑상선 절제술은 시행 가능한 접근법 및 수술방법이라 사료된다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.649-653
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• 2001

The Chiari malformation is a deformation within the central nervous system which the lower brain stem and the cerebellum migrate into the foramen magnum causing herniation. In 1891, Arnold Chiari classified such symptoms into 3 categories. This case report is of a 8-year-old female with the complaint of a slight facial swelling and pain on the upper right molar during tooth brushing since 10 days before. Clinical examination showed gingival pocket formation on distal of the upper right first molar with pain and mobility of the tooth. Radiographic examination showed generalized low bone density in the upper molar area, and especially no bone support above the upper right and left first molars were noted. With a temporary diagnosis of Early-onset periodontitis, consultations with medical doctors for the possibility of an underlying systemic disease were made during periodontal treatment. 3D CT was taken with after a final diagnosis of Chiari malformation. Generalized thinning and defect of the cranial bone was noted and the foramen magnum was slightly enlarged. The occipital and maxillary bone was low in density, and the alveolar bone of maxillary posterior teeth was especially almost non-existing causing the upper right and left first molar to be floating. For this, the patient went under consultation with the department of neurosurgery and is still under observation. Periodontitis in childreren is very rare. When symptoms of periodontitis appear in a child, due to the possibility of an underlying systemic disease such as leukemia, histiocytosis X, and hypophosphatasia, proper examinations should be carried out so that the primary factor the symptoms can be treated.