• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1995

Thermography is a diagnostic procedures that measures infrared energy emitted by the skin. Thermography detects body temperature change which are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. It does show the thermal dysfunction that correlates closely with pain syndromes as well as normalization when the healing process takes place. Experienced clinical interpretation of the thermal pattern is necessary to diagnose and establish causation. Thermography is useful in the diagnosis of painful conditions such as herniated disc diseases, myofascial syndrome, myositis, musculoligamentous injury, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, athretic injuries, vascular diseases, arthritis, inflammation and breast tumors.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Chronic pain can cause disability, mild to severe suffering and high medical costs. Some unfortunate patient do not improve despite administering conservative treatment and then the various interventional therapies, including oriental medical treatment and/or surgery, and they find themselves in search of a more effective pain relief. Deep dry needling is one of the newer treatment modalities for these patients. The last 10 years have seen a lot of progress in understanding the neural pathways and the type and extent of tissue involvement during chronic pain. This in turn has stimulated the development of new treatment techniques, and deep dry needling is one of them. So, the authors of this paper discuss the individual theories, the characteristics and future directions of several deep dry needling techniques, and we examine the new dry needling technique that has been recently developed in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2001

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used widely, but its effects are controversial. This is probably due to the varying intensity and type of pain. We designed a study to assess the effects of the TENS on the RIII nociceptive flexion reflex as the resting pain level and the temporal summation as a repeated, movement related pain in 7 normal volunteer subjects. Methods: High frequency (80 Hz), non-noxious TENS was applied over the left popliteal fossa for 20 minutes. Ipsilateral RIII reflexes induced by single electrical stimulus and temporal summation of pain responses to repeated stimuli (five stimuli at 2 Hz) were recorded before, during (just before stopping), and subsequently at 20 minutes after TENS. Results: R (III) nociceptive flexion reflex activity during and after TENS was more significantly decreased than before treatment. However, the temporal summation threshold was not changed. Conclusions: We conclude that high frequency, non-noxious TENS could be effective on resting pain relief in the same segment but not on the movement related pain.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.236-248
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• 1998

Human observers perceive a contour where no line or edge is given, such as the border between gratings of thin lines offset by half a cycle. Illusory contours occur in a wide variety of circumstances in nature. A common factor in all such figures is the perception of a surface or contour occluding part of a background, i.e. illusory contours are always accompanied by illusory surfaces. Some examples about these kinds of figures are given by Kanizsa's triangle or square. In this paper, we proposed a neural network model for forming(extracting) the illusory surfaces, based on the mechanism of feature extraction found in a mammals' visual pathway. It will be shown that the model can extract the illusory surfaces from illusory contours successfully.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) on sympathetic tone in healthy subjects. Stimulation in the conventional and burst modes was applied to the skin of the forearm overlying the median nerve. TENS was applied for 20 minutes at an intensity sufficient to produce a perceptible though not uncomfortable sensation and no muscle contracion of the forearm musculature. The change in sympathetic tone was measured with skin temperature. Skin temperature was measured at the index finger and on the volar surface of the forearm in the stimulated limb. The conventional and burst modes did not change the skin temperature at any of the two measurement sites. We conclude that TENS, as applied in this study, does not influence sympathetic tone. Further research is needed to assess the sympathetic effects of TENS on patient groups, long term treatment and other modalities.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2005

Background: The study of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MABCN) is an underused electrodiagnostic tool. But its use is often crucial for assessing mild lower brachial plexus or MABCN lesions, and sometimes for differentiating an ulnar mononeuropathy from a lower brachial plexopathy. This study was designed to know the difference of amplitude and velocity in a stimulation method (orthodromic vs antidromic), side of an arm and sex according by age. Method: MABCN conduction studies were performed orthodromically and antidromically in 90 subjects (42 women and 48 men, ranging from 22 to 79 years of age). We divided subjects into three groups by age (group 1: 20-39 years, group 2: 40-59 years, group 3: 60-79 years). The mean sensory nerve action potential amplitudes and sensory nerve conduction velocities in each group was compared by stimulation method, side of an arm and sex. Result: The amplitudes and velocities made a significant difference between orthodromic and antidromic method in all age groups. At comparison in amplitude and velocity by side of an arm, only amplitude was significantly higher in right arm than left by any stimulation method. The amplitudes and velocities were of no statistically differences in sex except amplitude checked orthodromically in right arm. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is the differences in conduction study of MABCN by stimulation method and side of an arm.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 1977

In Nembutal anesthetized cats, the sobmaxillary duct was cannulated with polyethylene tube, and effects of stimulation of the chorda tympani and cervical sympathetics on, the submaxillary secretion and intraluminal pressure of the submaxillary duct were observed. The stimulation of tile chorda tympani elicited a profuse salivary secretion. The stimulation of the cervical sympathetics evoked only a scanty flow, and on repeated stimulation of the nerve salivary flow response gradually diminished and finally the flow ceased. In this state the salivary flow by the sympathetic stimulation was resumed after the stimulation of the chorda tympani. Atropine abolished these responses to nerve stimulation. Intraluminal pressure of the submaxillary duct was abruptly increased and remained on a plateau during the stimulation of the chorda tympani, whereas sympathetic stimulation elicited moderate increase of the intraluminal pressure which did not remain in spite of continued stimulation. These results suggest that scanty salivary flow induced by cervical sympathetic stimulation is not real secretion but simple elimination of the saliva already present in the duct due to contraction of the contractile elements known to exist in the duct wall.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.199-205
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• 2019

Management of migraine, one of common primary headache disorders, involves the diverse strategies non-pharmacological treatment, such as headache diary, lifestyle modification, regular exercise and relaxation, cognitive behavioral therapy and neurostimulation, and pharmacological treatment. Among the treatments, this review described a pharmacologic treatment of migraine, classified into acute and preventive treatment based on the severity and the frequency of headache. It introduced the way to optimize pharmacological treatment and updated the latest treatment for migraine.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a chronic motor and vocal tic disorder of childhood onset. Abnornmalities in basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits may play an important role in the pathophysiology underlying the involuntary tics. It is often complicated by comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) is a neurophysiologic technique with research ap-plication. As there is good evidence that this technique can modify cortical activity, repetitive TMS is also used for treatment to change the cortical excitability and therefore affect underlying interconnected cortical-sub-cortical loop. We reviewed the neurophysiologic parameters and the clinical applicability of TMS and rTMS.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate environmental enrichment and nerve stimulation follows in application times with the change of BDNF & Trk-B receptor in the motor cortex and spinal cord. Methods: Experimental groups were divided into the five groups. Group I: normal control group, Group II: experiment control group, Group III: sciatic never electrical stimulation after MCAO, Group IV: application of only environmental enrichment after MCAO, Group V: never electrical stimulation with environmental enrichment after MCAO. Histologic observation and coronal sections were processed individually in goat polyclonal antibody phosphorylated BDNF and rabbit polyclonal antibody Trk-B receptor. Results: In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF and Trk-B, group II were showed that lower response effect at postischemic 1 days, 3 days, and 7 days. Group V were showed that increase response effect at postischemic 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. Specially showed that the most response effect at postischemic 14 days. In neurobehavioral assessment, group V were significantly difference from other groups on between-subject effects. Conclusion: The above results suggest that combined environmental enrichment with peripheral nerve electrical stimulation in focal ischemic brain injury were more improved that the change of BDNF & Trk-B receptor expression than non treatment.