• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 2005

To investigate the vegetation structure of the Woraksan National Park, twenty-two plots were set up and surveyed. According to the analysis of classification by TWINSP AN, the communities were divided by six groups; Pinus densiflora-Quercus serrata, Q. mongolica-Q. serrata, Q. mongolica-Betula davueica, P. densiflora-Q. mongolica, Q. mongolica, Q. mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum. Successional sere of the forest vegetation in the surveyed area were proeeding from Pinus densiflora to Quercus serrata, Quercus monogolica in the canopy layer group and from Rhododendron Rhododendron schlippenbachii to Fraxinus sieboldiana and Acer pseudosieboldianum in the understory layer group. But Q. mongolica might be edaphic climax species in some area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.547-555
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• 2010

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Bammeorijae to Woongseokbong, 25 plots($400m^2$) selected by random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups of Quercus mongolica - Pinus densiflora community, Q. dentata community and Q. mongolica - Q. dentata community were classified by cluster analysis. Q. dentata, Q. variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Acer pseudosieboldianum and Q. mongolica were found as mostly dominant woody plant species in the Woongseok-bong area. In the future, the importance percentage of Pinus densiflora might be eventually decreased, but those of Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis and Q. dendata might be gradually increased. There were strong positive correlations between Pinus densiflora, Zanthoxylum piperium and Lindera obtusiloba; Q. mongolica and Rhododendron mucronulatum; Styrax obassia and R. schlippenbachii; Fraxinus sieboldiana, Zanthoxylum piperium and Styrax obassia; Acer pseudosieboldianum and Fraxinus sieboldiana; Cornus controversa and Corylopsis coreana were relatively weak negative correlations between Q. dentata and Q. mongolica; Lindera erythrocarpa, Q. mongolica and Q. variabilis; Q. mongolica, Larix leptolepis and Q. variabilis; Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Rhododendron mucronulatum. Species diversity index(H') of investigated groups was ranged from 0.09832 to 1.1102.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.354-366
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• 2000

지리산국립공원 대원계곡의 삼림군집구조를 분석하여 국립공원관리의 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 기조사지역(이경재 등, 1991)이외의 지역에 대해 39개 조사지(100m2)를 설정하고 식생조사를 실시하였다 Classification의 한 기법인 TWINSPAN을 사용하여 군집을 분리하였으며 그 결과 느릅나무-굴참나무군집(군집 I) 졸참나무-굴참나무군집(군집II) 졸참나무군집(군집III-V) 신갈나무군집(군집VI) 그리고 서어나무-노각나무군집(군집VII)의 7개 군집으로 나뉘었다 각 군집에 대해 우점도 종다양도 유사도 종수 및 개체수 그리고 흉고직경 등의 분석을 통해 군집의 종조서을 살펴본 결과 지리산 대원계곡의 삼림은 졸참나무 굴참나무 신갈나무 등의 참나무가 주류를 이루고 있었으며 점차 서어나무와 노각나무등으로 천이가 진행되어갈 것으로 판단되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.397-406
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• 1998

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of natural forest at Taech'ongbong-Hangyeryong Area in Soraksan. 45 plots(20m*20m) set up with random sampling method were surveted. Four groups - Quercus mongolica - Acer pseudosieboldianum community, Avies nephrolepis - Tilia amurensis - Quercus mongolica community, Abies nephrolepis - Taxus cuspidata community, Abies nephrolepis - Qurecusmongolica community - were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations were proved between Abies nephrolepis and Betula ermanii; Abies nephrolepis and Pinus pumila; Aies nephrolepis and Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum; Betula ermanii and Pinus pumila; Betula ermanii and Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum; Pinus pumila and Rhododendron mucronulatm var. ciliatum; Quercus mongolica and Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Quercus mongolica and Qeigela subsessilis; Euonymus macroptera and Syringa reticulata; Euonymus macroptera and Viburnum wrightii; Acer ukurunduense and Euonymus oxyphyllus, and high nagative correlations were proved between Betula ermanii and Acer pseudosieboldianum; Quercus mongolica and Tripterygium regelii; Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Tripterygium regelii; Carpinus cordata and Acer pseudosieboldianum. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 2.1352~2.8016.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2003

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of Nature Ecosystem Preservation Area, 65 plots(10m$\times$10m) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. five group -Larix leptolepis Community, Quercus mongolica-Fraxinus rhynchophylla Community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Quercus mongolica community. Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudo-sieboldianum community, Quercus mongolica community were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations was proved between Quercus mongolica and Sorbus of alnifolia, Acer Mono, Lonicera praeflorens, Sorbus commixta ; Acer mono and Lonicera praeflorens, Sorbus commixta ; Maackia amurensis and Acer triflorum ; Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Betula davurica ; Lonicera praeflorens and Cornus controversa, Sorbus commixta ; Acer triflorum and Rhamnus toshinoi ; Pyrus ussuriensis and Prunus padus ; Cornuscontroversa, and Sorbus commixta, and high negative corrlations was proved between Quercus mongolica and Larix leptolepis, Carpinus cordata ; Tilia amurensis and Larix leptolepis, Morus bombycis. Species diversity(H' ) of investigated groups were ranged 0.4443~1.2036.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.283-296
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• 1997

To investigate the plant community structure in valley and suggest the management of Mational Park, fifty plots were set up and surveyed in Jujeongol Valley, Soraksan National Park. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination technique were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants. The dividing groups were Quercus mpnngolica - Q. variabilis - Pinus densiflora community, P. densiflora community, Carpinus laxiflora community, Q. serrata community. The ecological trends of tree species by DCA ordination technique and DBH class distribution analysis was like that Q. mongolica - Q. variabilis - P. densiflora community and P. densiflora community seems to be trended from P. densiflora community to Q. mongolica community. Q. serrata community seems to be trended from Q. serrata community to C. laxiflora community and C. laxiflora will be maintaimed stable state.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.287-295
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• 2001

계룡산국립공원 자연보존지구 천연림의 군집구조를 정확히 파악하여 앞으로의 식생관리에 있어서 기초자료를 마련하고자 34개 방형구(10m$\times$10m)를 설치하여 식생을 조사하였다. Cluster 분석 결과 조사대상지는 활엽수혼효림군집, 신갈나무-쪽동백나무군집 및 신갈나무-소나무군집으로 나뉘어졌다. 수종간의 상관관계에서는 신갈나무와 개옻나무; 까지박달나무와 층층나무; 쪽동백나무와 상수리나무; 비목나무와 느티나무, 고로쇠나무; 느티나무과 고로쇠나무, 참회나무; 쇠물푸레나무와 조록싸리, 노린재나무, 산딸기나무, 굴참나무 및 소나무; 고추나무와 상수리나무, 산뽕나무; 진달래와 개옻나무; 산철쭉과 굴참나무, 소나무, 상수리나무; 굴참나무와 소나무; 상수리나무와 병꽃나무; 고로쇠나무와 산뽕나무; 물푸레나무와 산뽕나무; 바위말발도리와 산뽕나무등의 종들간에는 정의 상관관계가 인정되었고, 신갈나무와 까지박달나무; 신갈나무와 층층나무; 노린재나무와 쪽동백나무등의 종들간에는 부의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 환경인자와 상관에서 쪽동백나무와 진달래는 해발고와 부의 상관이 인정되었으며, 사면의 방위와는 산딸기가 부의 상관이 인정되었다. 본 조사지의 종다양도는 1.4592~1.2917로 비교적 높은 편이었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2000

지리산국립공원의 아고산지대를 중심으로 분포하고 있는 한국특산종 구상나무의 생육현화과 구상나무림의 군집구조를 파악하여 앞으로의 구사나무림 관리의 기초자료를 마련하고자 구상나무가 생육하고 있는 지역에 42개의 방형구(20m$\times$20m)를 설치하여 식생을 조사하였다 분석한 결과 조사대상지는 세 개의 군집인 신갈나무-당단풍군집 구상나무-신갈나무군집 구상나무군집으로 분류되었다 수종간의 상관관계에서는 물들메나무와 함박꽃나무 함박꽃나무와 층층나무 구상나무와 잣나무 거제수나무와 노각나무 물들메나무와 말발도리 거제수나무와 물들메나무 거제수나무와 물갬나무 거제수나무와 함박꽃나무 철쭉과 회나무 주목과 미역줄나무 물갬나무와 노각나무, 잣나무와 마가목, 진달래와 명자순 명자순과 시닥나무, 가문비나무와 마가목 등의 수종들간에는 높은 정의 상관관계가 인정되었고 당단풍과 미역줄나무 등의 수종들간에는 높은 부의 상관관계가 인정되었다 본 조사지의 종다야도는 1.2389-1.2552으로 높게 나타났다 구상나무의 활력은 저조한 것으로 나타났으며 12.92%가 고사목이었다 생육현황표의 점수 평균은 13.88이었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1990

To investigate the actual vegetation in Sokri mountain area, which consists of Sokri Mt. National Park, forest communities were classified by phytosocialogical analysis according to species composition and physiognomy. Actual vegetation map was drawn on the basis of classified forest communities. The forest communities in Mt. Sokri were classified as follows : 1. Pinus densiflora community 1) P. densiflora-Rhododedron mucronulatum subcommunity 2) P. densiflora-Rhododendron schippenbachii subcomminity 3) P. densiflora-Lespedeza maximowiczii subcommunity 4) P. densiflora-Sasa borealis subcommunity 2. P. densiflora-Quercus serrata community 3. P. densiflora-Q. variabilis community 4. Quercus serrata community 5. Q. serrata-Q. variabilis community 6. Carpinus laxiflora community 7. Quercus mongolica community 1) Typical subcommunity 2) Q. mongolica-Lespedeza maximowiczii subcommunity 3) Q. mongolica-Rhododendron schlippenbachii subcommunity 8. Fraxinus rhynchophylla community 9. Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa community 10. Quercus variabilis community

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 1995

To investigate plant community structure of Uiryung valley, Harujae valley, Kugi valley, Songchu valley, Tobongsan valley in Bukhansan National Park, each thirty eight, forty, twenty six. twenty eight, thirty six plots (plot size 100$m^2$) were set up and surveyed. The surveyed data were integrated and classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination techniques were applied to the study area. The plant community were divided into nine groups in seventy nine plots by TWINBPAN and the dividing groups were Carpinus laxiflora community(I), Quercus mongolica community(II), Pinus densiflora community(III), Q. mongolica-P. densiflora community(IV) Q. mongolica-Q. serrata- Prunus sargentii community(V), Q. mongolica Q. variabilis community(Ⅵ), Robinia pseudoacacia-Q. serrata community(Ⅶ). P. rigida-Q. serrata community(Ⅷ), Q. mongolica- Q. variabilis- Styrax obassia community(Ⅸ). So the successional trends of tree species at the natural forest seem to be from P. densiflora to Q. mongolica and at the artificial forest seem to be from R. pseudoacacia, P. rigida to Q. acutissima, Fraxinus rhynchophylla in canopy layer And in the subtree and shrub layer, it wag supposed that from Deotzia prunifolia, Rhus trichocarpa. Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhasleilse, Euonymus oxyphyllous to Magnolia sieboldii, Acer psuedo-sieboldianum, Lindera obtusiloba. In comparing successional trends with past study, it was postulated that successtion is not progressed by human disturbance and soil acidification by the air pollution.