• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.591-596
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• 2012

Stream of Hongchon in Gangwon province was well known site for river otter(Lutra lutra) habitat. Because of habitat importance in this region a food analysis was conducted using 478 spraints of the species. A total food was domintnant by fish species occupying 80.5% and the dominant species was Zacco temminckii because of population abundance. Other food items were Amphibians and birds. Summer food was the highest due to its diversity. Gunup and Naechon streams were not different among diversity. Currently the highway construction was underway and we need more information regarding habitat requirement, and management implication for the species in this region.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.809-814
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• 1999

The effects of soybean extracts on serum lipid contents were evaluated in rats. Ninety-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were divided into fourteen groups and fed different fat diets for four weeks. The experimental groups were divided into; control, saturated fat diet, unsaturated fat diet and high fat diet respectively were fed 1% cholesterol group. The serum total lipid were higher in saturated fat diet group than in control group. The contents of total-cholesterol in serum of the saturated fat diet group was significantly higher than other groups. The contents of HDL-cholesterol in serum of the soybean extract group were higher than those other fat diet group. The contents of LDL-cholesterol in serum of the soybean extract group were lower than other fat diet groups. The soybean extract group of lipid was significantly lower in other groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1151-1158
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Pimpinella brachycarpa (PB) on serum and liver lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administered 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate to induce hypercholesterolemia. PB ethanol extract (200 mg/kg/day or 400 mg/kg/day) was also administered orally to rats with high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks. We divided 40 rats into five groups; normal diet group (NC), high cholesterol diet group (HC), normal diet and PB ethanol extract (200 mg/kg) administered group (NC-PB), high cholesterol diet and PB ethanol extract (200 mg/kg) administered group (HC-PBL), and high cholesterol diet and PB ethanol extract (400 mg/kg) administered group (HC-PBH). The growth rate and liver weight of the high cholesterol diet group was higher than those of the normal diet group, whereas those of the groups administered PB ethanol extract were gradually decreased. There was a signigicant increase in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the high cholesterol diet group. The administration of PB ethanol extract decreased serum ALT, AST and ALP activities in a dose-dependent manners. The high cholesterol diet group showed increased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, and decreased atherogenic index, HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid levels as compared with the normal diet group. PB ethanol extract administrated groups showed increased HDL-C/T-C, HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid levels, and decreased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels as compared with the high cholesterol diet group. There were no differences in the concentrations of serum triglyceride, phopholipid, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and free cholesterol between normal diet groups. The hepatic concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride were also lower in PB ethanol extract administrated groups than in the high cholesterol diet group. These results suggest that ethanol extract of PB exerts hypocholesterolemic effect by reducing serum and liver cholesterol contents.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2001

국내산 품종별, 보리, 귀리, 밀, 호미의 식이섬유 함량과 추출물의 점성을 분석하여 생리적 기능성이 높은 식물 소재로서의 활용성을 모색하였다. 평균 총 식이섬유함량은 보리 19.9%, 호밀 18.0%, 밀 15.9%귀리 groat 15.5%,보리쌀 9.7%의 순이었다. 수용성 식이섬유의 함량은 보리 6.6%, 호밀, 6.4%, 보리쌀 5.4%, 구리 .groat 4.9%밀 3.8%의순이었으며 ,밀과 호밀의 제분부산물인 bran은 경제적인 측면에서 활용성이 높은 식이섬유 소재인거승로 확인되었다. $\beta$-glucan 함량은 보리와 귀리에서 4.4.~4.5%로 유사하게 높았으며 호밀과 밀에서는 낮게 나타났다. 총 $\beta$-glucan 에대한 수용성 $\beta$-glucan 의 비율로 나타낸 용해성은 귀리와 보리순으로 높았으며 밀과 호밀에서는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 식이섬유 추출물의 점도는 호밀, 보리쌀 귀리, groat. 밀의 순으로 높았으며, 맥류 품종의 수용성 식이섬유 함량이 높을수록 점도가 높을경향을 보여주었다. 국내산 맥류의 고점도 식이섬유는 생이기능성이 높은 건강식품소재로서의 활용가치가 클것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pine (Pinus densiflora) needle extracts on hepatic antioxidative system in rats fed high-cholesterol diet. Eight-week old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups; normal diet group (CON), 0.5% cholesterol diet group (0.5% CHOL), 0.5% cholesterol diet and pine needle extracts prepared by using hot water group (HOT water), and 0.5% cholesterol diet and pine needle extracts prepared by using sub-supercritical $CO_2$ group (Sub-supercritical). The serum ALP, AST, and ALT activities were increased by 0.5% cholesterol diet supplementation, but treatment with pine needle extracts showed decrease compared with 0.5% CHOL group. The SOD activity in liver at 0.5% cholesterol diet group was more decreased than control group while Sub-supercritical group had significantly higher SOD activity than 0.5% CHOL group. Moreover, groups with pine needle extracts supplementation had higher level of GPx in liver than 0.5% cholesterol diet group. These results suggest that pine needle extracts increased antioxidative activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the cholesterol lowering and anti-obesity effects of an ethanol extract of broccoli sprouts (BS) in rats fed high fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $150{\sim}155g$, were divided into 6 groups; a normal diet group (ND), a high fat diet group (HFD), a normal diet and BS with 200 mg/kg treated group (ND-BSL), a normal diet and BS with 400 mg/kg treated group (ND-BSH), a high fat diet and BS with 200 mg/kg treated group (HFD-BSL), and a high fat diet and BS with 400 mg/kg treated group (HFD-BSH). The body weight gain and mesenteric adipose tissue weight were increased by high fat diet, but gradually decreased to the corresponding level of ND group after administration of BS extract. The liver and epididymal adipose tissue weights of HFD group were the highest among the six groups, although the difference was not significant. Food intake was lower in high fat diet groups compared with normal diet groups. The serum ALT and AST activities that were elevated by the high fat diet were significantly decreased after BS administration. Levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and the atherogenic index tended to be decrease in the BS administered groups compared with HFD group. However, HDL-cholesterol level in serum decreased in HFD group and markedly increased in BS administered groups. There were no differences in the contents of serum triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol between normal diet groups. Levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver and adipose tissues were also lower in BS administrated groups than in HFD group. The activities of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR-LPL) and total-extractable LPL (TE-LPL) in adipose tissue were increased in HFD group compared with the BS administered groups, but those of the ND-BSL group and ND-BSH group were similar to ND group. These results suggest that BS ethanol extract may exert cholesterol-lowering effect and potentially reduce lipid storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.402-409
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) extract on serum and liver lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate to induce hypercholesterolemia and were divided into six groups. Experimental groups were administered with following diets; normal diet group (NC), high cholesterol diet group (HC), normal diet and CF extract (200 mg/kg) administered group (NC-CFL), normal diet and CF extract (400 mg/kg) administered group (NC-CFH), high cholesterol diet and CF extract (200 mg/kg) adwlinistered group (HC-CFL), and high cholesterol diet and CF extract (400 mg/kg) administered group (HC-CFH). The body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were increased by high cholesterol diet, but gradually decreased to the corresponding level of the normal diet group by administered CF extract. The serum total cholesterol concentration of normal diet group was significantly higher than those of NC-CFL group and NC-CFH group. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride and the atherogenic index .were tended to decrease in the CF extract administered groups compared with the high cholesterol diet group. However, HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations in serum decreased in the high cholesterol diet group and markedly increased by the CF extract administered groups. There were no differences in the concentrations of serum triglyceride, phopholipid, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and free cholesterol in normal diet groups. Concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver and kidney were also markedly decreased in the CF administered groups. Total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of adipose tissue in the CF administered groups were also decreased compared with the high cholesterol diet group. In addition, there were no differences in the concentrations of liver, kidney and adipose tissue total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in normal diet groups. The activities of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and total-extractable LPL in adipose tissue were increased in the high cholesterol diet group compared with the CF extract administered groups, but those of the NC -CFL group and NC-CFH group were similar to the normal diet group. Taken together, it is suggested that the extract of CF have an antiatherosclerotic effect by reducing cholesterol level of serum and liver. Furthermore, the extract of CF decreased LPL activity and triglyceride concentration, resulting in less lipid storage.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

The effects of an Acanthopanacis cortex water extract on lipid levels, lipid peroxide, total antioxidant status and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated in rats fed one of the following diets for six weeks: normal diet and deionized water (ND), normal diet and Acanthopanacis cortex water extract (NDC), high fat diet and deionized water (HFD), high fat diet and Acanthopanacis cortex water extract (HFDC). The food intakes were significantly lower, but the food efficiency ratios were significantly higher in the high fat diet groups. The level of HDL-cholesterol in the plasma was significantly increased and the levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in the plasma were significantly decreased by the Acanthopanacis cortex water extract in the high fat diet groups. As a a result, the AI (atherogenic index) and CRF (cardiac risk factor) were significantly lower in the high fat diet groups that were treated with Acanthopanacis cortex water extract. The triglyceride and the total cholesterol of the liver were also significantly upregulated in the high fat diet groups, while the total cholesterol of the liver decreased in response to treatment with Acanthopanacis cortex water extract (HFDC). The plasma and liver concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly reduced by the addition of Acanthopanacis cortex water extract to the normal diet groups. The total antioxidant status (TAS) in the plasma was significantly upregulated by adding Acanthopanacis cortex water extract to the high fat diet groups. The activities of SOD, catalase and GST were also significantly higher in the Acanthopanacis cortex water extract groups when compared to the ionized water groups. The activity of GSH-Px and the concentration of GSH in the liver were significantly higher following the addition of Acanthopanacis cortex water extract to the high fat diet groups. Taken together, these results suggest that a supplementation of the diet of rats fed a high fat diet with Acanthopanacis cortex water extract improves lipid metabolism, reduces lipid peroxide and improves the activities of antioxidant enzymes, which may have favorable effects on antioxidant systems by improving the total antioxidant status (TAS).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2009

쇠비름(Portulaca oleracea L.)은 쇠비름과(Portulacaceae)에 속하는 일년생 초본으로 우리나라 각지에 5~9월에 걸쳐 자생하고 있다. 한국보다는 중국에서 식용으로 애용되고 있으며, 해열, 이뇨, 산혈 등의 효능이 있어 임질, 요도염, 유종, 대하증, 임파선염 등에 약용으로 사용하고 있다. 쇠비름의 성분으로는 vitamin $B_1$ 및 C, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, dopamine, noradrenalin 등이 보고되었다. 쇠비름에 관한 연구로는 항산화효과, 항균효과 및 해독효과가 발표되었으나, 고지혈증에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고콜레스테를 유발식이에서 쇠비름 에탄을 추출물이 혈청 중 지질에 미치는 영향에 대해 검토하고자 하였다. 실험동물은 6주령의 Sprague Dawley 흰쥐 수컷을 각 실험군당 10마리씩, AIN-93M을 기본으로 하여 대조군(고지방식이), 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물 투여군의 3군(고지방식이+25mg/kg, 75mg/kg, 125mg/kg)으로 나누어 4주간 실험 식이를 급여하고 사육기간 중 사료 섭취량, 체중증가율, 식이효율을 측정하였다. 실험 종료 후, 혈액을 채취하여 혈액에서의 total lipid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol은 효소법을 이용한 kit(아산제약)을 사용하여 측정하였고, 심혈관계 질환의 위험도에 이용되는 동맥경화지수는(atherogenic index, AI) 계산식을 이용하여 산출하였다. 실험결과, 최종체중, 체중증가율, 식이효율 및 장기무게는 실험군 간의 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 고지방식이에 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물을 125mg/kg의 농도로 병합 투여했을 때 혈중의 total lipid, total cholesterol 및 triglyceride는 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 고지방식이에 의해 증가된 동맥경화지수도 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 저하되었다. 그리고 고지방식이로 증가된 ALT 및 AST 활성이 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물 투여로 유의적으로 감소하였다. 따라서 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물은 혈청 중 지질 개선 효과와 간 기능 개선효과가 있는 것으로 사료되나, 어떤 성분이 콜레스테롤 저하 효과를 나타내는지 보다 자세한 연구가 요구되어 진다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.998-1007
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) extract on the inflammation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) and blood lipid improvement in hypercholesterolemic mice fed a high cholesterol diet. The lettuce extract (100% ethanol extract) inhibited the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in HUVEC treated with tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$). The lettuce extract suppressed the adhesion of THP-1 to TNF-${\alpha}$-treated HUVEC. The lettuce extract decreased the TNF-${\alpha}$-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein 1. In hypercholesterolemic mice, the lettuce extract reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, while the lettuce extract elevated high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, resulting in the decrease of atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor level. These results suggested that lettuce extract can be an useful resource to show an anti-inflammatory effect and improve lipid metabolism.