• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2017

범람파동 개념에 따르면 하도와 홍수터의 횡적 연결성은 하천 생태계의 생물다양성과 생산성 증대에 중요한 역할을 한다. 제방에 의하여 제내지 홍수터가 하도와 차단된 우리나라 하천에서 생태적 서비스를 증대하기 위해서 횡적 연결성을 복원하는 기술 개발이 필요하다. 횡적 연결성의 복원 기술을 개발하기 위해서는 우선 하도와 홍수터 사이에 생태적 연결성의 현황을 파악하고 연결성을 저해하는 요인을 진단하는 평가 기술 개발이 시급히 요청되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제방에 의하여 차단된 제내지 하천환경에서 수리적, 생태적 횡적 연결성을 평가하고 진단하는 기술을 개발하고 연결성 회복 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 차단된 제내지 하천환경 평가는 1) 지리정보시스템을 이용하여 차단된 하천공간을 탐색하고, 2) 탐색된 전체 재내지에서 원격평가에 의하여 간편하게 횡적 연결성 평가를 실시하고, 3) 선정된 특정 제내지 대상지에서 현장평가에 의하여 상세하게 연결성을 평가하는 순서로 수행된다. 차단된 하천공간의 획정은 홍수가 범람할 수 있는 제내지 공간을 잠재적 하천공간으로 정의하고 수치표고모델 (DEM)과 하천기본계획의 30년 빈도 홍수위 자료를 이용하여 제내지 홍수터를 탐색하였다. 제내지 홍수터의 원격 연결성평가는 지리정보시스템에서 수치지도와 토지피복도 등 공간자료를 이용하여 수리 및 서식처 환경성, 제방 차단성과 하도 및 육상 연결성을 평가하고 원격평가 결과를 토대로 현장평가 대상지를 선정하였다. 횡적 연결성의 현장평가를 위하여 크게 하도-홍수터 연결성과 제내지 서식처 보존성으로 평가 항목을 선정하였다. 또한 연결성 평가는 수리연결성과 생물연결성으로, 서식처 보존성 평가는 습지유지율, 습지보존성, 육역지보존성을 세부항목으로 구성하였다. 평가 항목별로 5 등급의 평가 기준에 따라서 평가 점수를 부여하고 평가 총점을 산출하여 최종 연결성 평가 등급을 5 단계로 구분하였다. 현장평가를 위한 MS Access 기반 소프트웨어를 개발하여, 데이터 입력과 관리 및 평가 결과 산출과 비교를 편리하게 하였다. 개발된 제내지 하천환경 평가법을 청미천과 만경강에 적용하여 검증하였다. 개발된 평가법을 바탕으로 차단된 제내지 하천환경에서 연결성 회복에 따른 어류와 식생의 분포를 예측하는 수리생태 결합모델을 개발하였다. 먼저 차단된 제내지에서 연결 수로를 복원하여 유속, 수심 분포를 준이차 수리수문 모델로 예측하였다. 예측된 수리 환경에 따라서 지표어종의 서식처 적합도 지수 (HSI)를 이용하여 서식 분포 확률을 모의하였다. 또한 일반화가법모델 (GAM)을 이용하여 환경구배에 의한 우점식생의 분포를 예측하였다. 차단된 제내지 하천환경의 생태적 연계성 평가 기술을 기반으로 제방제거, 제방후퇴, 제방고 하강, 수문 및 연결수로 개선, 생물이동 저해 장벽 제거 등의 다양한 복원기술이 개발되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.354-366
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• 2022

To analyze the distribution of plant communities growing in river wetlands and the relationship between biotic and abiotic environmental factors, plant communities and environmental factors were investigated in river wetlands in the Boseong River. The Boseong River Wetland, the research site, consists of Hwapyeong Wetland, Bangujeong Wetland, and Seokgok Wetland. From June to September 2022, a plant community survey was conducted from the perspective of physiognomical vegetation, and the coverage of the emerging species followed the Braun-Blanquet scale. Plant species and the coverage of each species were recorded in the quadrant for plant community survey, and the cover of the quadrant, the total number of species, and the number of exotic species were measured as biological factors. As abiotic factors, altitude, orientation, inclination, soil texture, litter layer depth, dominant species diameter at breast height, and topography were recorded. In a total of 50 square plots, the most common Salix koreensis and Phragmites japonicus communities were found, and the community with the highest Shannon species diversity index was Phragmites japonicus-Echinochloa caudata community. As a result of ordination analysis by DCCA, the most significant clusters were separated according to topographic factors such as leeve, leeve slope, upper floodplain, lower floodplain, upper waterside, middle waterside, lower waterside, river island and opem water. As rare plants that need to be preserved in river wetlands, Hydrocharis dubia and Penthorum chinense were found in lower waterside, and it was found that the management of the river in the reservoir is necessary in line with the topographical distribution of ecosystem-disrupting plants, such as Paspalum distichum var. indutum.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2015

This study defined and classified no-net-loss-of-greenness (NNLG) based on the law, and then assessed the NNLG index by metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea after estimating NNLG evaluation indicators for the introduction of NNLG for health improvement of urban ecosystems. The results are as follows. First, NNLG was the comprehensive meaning that was included in the greenbelt and park greenbelt and the green area which was defined by the Act on Urban Parks, Greenbelts, etc. and the National Land Planning and Utilization Act respectively. Second, NNLG was classified as a park greenbelt which was included urban parks and greenbelts such as buffer greenbelts, scenic greenbelts, and connecting greenbelts, green areas which was included in green conservation areas, green production areas, green natural areas, and green coverage which is included forests, grasslands, and wetlands that were occupied by vegetation such as trees, shrubs, and plants. Third, NNLG index by cities and provinces was assessed based on the estimation of NNLG evaluation indicators, which included parks and greenbelt areas per capita, green areas per capita, green coverage per capita, ratio of parks and greenbelts, ratio of green areas, and ratio of green coverage. As a result, Sejong city got the highest point of NNLG index and Seoul and Daegu got lowest points of NNLG index among metropolitan cities in Korea. Chungbuk got the highest point of NNLG index and Kyonggi and Jeju got lowest points of NNLG index among provinces in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.215-219
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• 2001

Land surface parameterization schemes for atmospheric models as well as decision support tools for ecosystem management require a frequent updating of land cover classification data for regional to global scales. Rice paddies have not been treated independently from other agricultural land classes in many classification systems, despite their atmospheric and ecological significance. A simple but improved method over conventional land cover classification schemes for rice paddy is suggested. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated for the land area of South Korea at a 1km by 1 km resolution from the visible and the near-infrared channel reflectances of NOAA-AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer). Monthly composite images of daily maximum NDVI were prepared for May and August, and used to classify 4 major land cover classes : urban, farmland, forests and water body. Among the pixels classified as "forests" in August, those classified as "water body" in May were assigned a "rice paddy" class. The distribution pattern of "rice paddy" pixels was very similar to the reported rice acreage of 1,455 Myons, which is the smallest administrative land unit in Korea. The correlation coefficient between the estimated and the reported acreage of Myons was 0.7, while 0.5 was calculated from the USGS classification.calculated from the USGS classification.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2015

This study was carried out to classify forest communities and to aggregate forest cover types for the complex and diversified natural forest areas of Guryongsan, Sobaeksan, Baekhwasan, Sokrisan, and Baekhaksan in the middle part of Baekdudaegan. The vegetation data were collected by point-centered quarter sampling method. One thousand one hundred fourteen sample points were subjected to cluster analysis to classify 27 forest communities, which were aggregated into 7 representative forest cover types on the basis of community similarity from composition of canopy species. They were Quercus mongolica forest cover type, mixed mesophytic forest cover type, Q. variabilis forest cover type, Pinus densiflora forest cover type, the others deciduous forest cover type, Q. serrata forest cover type, and subalpine forest cover type. The Q. mongolica forest cover type was most widely distributed in the study areas. It was assumed that abundance of Q. mongolica might be negatively associated with species diversity. Mixed mesophytic forest cover type and the others deciduous forest cover type were commonly distributed in the areas of valley, on the other hand, Q. mongolica cover type and P. densiflora cover type tended to be distributed in the areas of ridge.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.102-114
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• 2006

This study aims to develop a method to analyze droughts in Nakdong river area. Satellite imagery can be applied to droughts monitoring because it can afford periodic data for large area for long time. In this study, supposing that evapotranspiration and NDVI are closely related to each other, we presented a method to estimate evapotranspiration in large area with NDVI from MODIS data and temperature. For the final analysis of droughts, water deficit is calculated by climatological water balance using the distribution of evapotranspiration and precipitation. As the results of this study, we improved the usability of satellite imagery, especially in drought analysis.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 2014

We improved the Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) data (Kongju National University LSE v.2: KNULSE_v2) over the Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) observation region using recent(2009-2012) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The surface emissivity was derived using the Vegetation Cover Method (VCM) based on the assumption that the pixel is only composed of ground and vegetation. The main issues addressed in this study are as follows: 1) the impacts of snow cover are included using Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) data, 2) the number of channels is extended from two (11, 12 ${\mu}m$) to four channels (3.7, 8.7, 11, 12 ${\mu}m$), 3) the land cover map data is also updated using the optimized remapping of the five state-of-the-art land cover maps, and 4) the latest look-up table for the emissivity of land surface according to the land cover is used. The updated emissivity data showed a strong seasonal variation with high and low values for the summer and winter, respectively. However, the surface emissivity over the desert or evergreen tree areas showed a relatively weak seasonal variation irrespective of the channels. The snow cover generally increases the emissivity of 3.7, 8.7, and 11 ${\mu}m$ but decreases that of 12 ${\mu}m$. As the results show, the pattern correlation between the updated emissivity data and the MODIS LSE data is clearly increased for the winter season, in particular, the 11 ${\mu}m$. However, the differences between the two emissivity data are slightly increased with a maximum increase in the 3.7 ${\mu}m$. The emissivity data updated in this study can be used for the improvement of accuracy of land surface temperature derived from the infrared channel data of COMS.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.426-435
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• 2020

To determine the damages to waxy corn caused by low temperature weather, we investigated the relationship between the temperature and duration of low temperature treatment and the changes in growth characteristics during the recovery period after the treatments in different growth periods. Growth inhibition started in the low temperature group treated at temperatures below 5℃ for three days. The inhibition ratio (IR) was more than 22% or more in all sample groups. As the treatment duration increased and the Temperature decreased, the growth was more greatly inhibited than that in the control. The IR was the highest at 27% or more in the 2nd leaf stage group treated at below 5℃ for 5 days. The IR was in the order of 2nd leaf stage > 1st leaf stage > coleoptile. The IR during recovery was the highest in the 2nd leaf stage group treated at -3℃ degree for 7 days, nd the values were 82% and 98% for NDVI and Fv/Fm, respectively. Especially, all groups treated at -3℃ showed either no changes or decreases in the growth characteristics. As a result, growth inhibition increased as the temperature decreased, and as the duration of the low temperature increased. The degree of damage was in the order of 2nd leaf stage > 1st leaf stage > coleoptile. All early seedlings stopped growing and withered when exposed to temperatures at or below -3℃ for 3 days or more.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2004

The study was to investigate and compare plants and frequency of appearing species of vegetation transect in a straight and a restoration Section of Bulgwang stream in Seoul. Some part of Bulgwang stream was restored as a closed-to-nature stream. This present study consists of two investigations, the first investigation being conducted on May and the second one on August -September 2003. Based on the analysis of the data collected from both investigations, this study classified and listed all of the plants appeared in a straight and a restoration section of the stream. The study used the Belt-transect method in order to examine and analyze discover the appearance frequency of the vegetaton transect per 200 meters. During the period of the first investigation and the second one, plants of 33 families, 73 classes, and 88 species appeared in the straight section, while plants of 36 families, 76 classes, and 90 species appeared in the restoration section. The Naturalized Index of the straight section was 22.7％, and that of the restoration section was 21.1％. As shown on the results indicating that the Urbanization Index of the straight section was 7.8％, and that of the restoration section was 7.4％, the Urbanization Index of the straight section was slightly higher than the restoration section. The results using belt-transect analysis method showed that in case of the straight section, the plants of the highest appearance frequency on the riverside were Persicaria hydropiper and Humulus japonicus. On the contrary, in the case of restoration section, the plants showing a higher appearance frequency on the riverside were identified as Salix gracilistyla, Persicaria hydropiper, Rumex crispus, and Humulus japonicus. In conclusion, there was no difference between the straight and the restoration section in the bank with regard to vegetation transect. However, a remarkable difference was found on the riverside for the Salix gracilistyla which was introduced in the restoration section.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2008

This study is to construe spatio-temporal characteristics of temperature in cities and changes of climatical regions in analyzing a change of Korea Peninsular climate. We used daily mean air temperature data which was collected in South and North Korea for the past 34 years from 1974 to 2007. We created temperature map of 500m resolution using Inverse Distance Weight in application with adiabatic lapse rate per month in linear relation with height and temperature. In the urbanization area, the data analyzed population in comparison with temperature changes by the year. An annual rising rate of temperature was calculated $0.0056^{\circ}C$, and the temperature was increased $2.14^{\circ}C$ from 1974 to 2107. The south climate region in Korea by the Warmth index was expanded to the middle climate region by the latitude after 1990s. A rise of urban area in mean temperature was $0.5-1.2^{\circ}C$, Seoul, metropolitan and cities which were high density of urbanization and industrialization with the population increase between 1980s and 1990s. In case of North Korea, Cities were Pyeongyang, Anju, Gaecheon, Hesan. A rise in cities areas in mean temperature has influence on vegetation, especially secondary growth such as winter buds of pine trees appears built-up area and outskirts in late Autumn. Finally, nowaday we confront diverse natural events over climatical changes, We need a long-term research to survey and analyze an index on the climatical changes to present a systematic approach and solution in the future.