• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.245-256
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• 1978

The effects of different particle size distribution of fused phosphate on the changes of phosphorus content in soil and plant, growth and yield of paddy rice were investigated through pot and field experiments. The following results were obtained. 1. Negative correlation was found between unhulled rice yield and the composition of fused phosphate whose particle size was larger than 28 mesh, and 65 to 150 mesh, and highly significant correlation was found between unhulled rice yield and the composition of fused phosphate whose particle size was 28 to 48 mesh. But no significant correlation was found betweeen unhulled rice yield and the composition of fused phosphate whose particle size was 48 to 65 mesh. Thus the composition of 56% of 28 to 48 mesh particles and 44% of 48 to 65 mesh particles would give the best effect. 2. In the soil of the Jeonbug series rice plant in the plots treated with fine single textured fused phosphate showed poor early growth, i.e. poor tillering and short plant height. But at harvesting stage it showed rather increased number of tillers and higher plant height. Of the composite fused phosphate the more particles of 28 to 48 mesh it had, the better growth it showed. In the soil of the Yesan series rice plant in the treated plots showed much better tillering and higher plant height in contrast with that in the control plots. Of the single textured fused phosphate the finer particles showed better growth, while of the composite fused phosphate the more particles finer than 48 mesh it had, the poorer the tillering. 3. The content of available phosphorus in the soil tended to increase as the particles of both single textured and composite phosphate became finer. The soil phosphorus content decreased as the content of phosphorus absorbed by rice plant increased at each stage of growth, and the amount of soil phophorus decreased became larger as the the particles were finer. The amount of available phosphorus in the treated soils was larger in the soil of the Yesan series than in the soil of the Jeonbug series which was a long cultivated soil and contained relatively high phosphorus. 4. In the single textured fused phosphate the amount of phosphorus absorbed by rice plant tended to increase as the particles were finer, and great difference was found at heading stage, but at harvesting stage little difference was found for all the plots. In the field experiment in the soil of the Jeonbug series more phosphorus was absorbed by rice plant in the plots treated with the composite fused phosphate of higher content of 28 to 48 mesh particles. In the pot experiment the amount of phosphorus absorbed by rice plant was highest in the plots treated with the composite fused phosphate of 53.35% of particles larger than 48 mesh and 46.6% of particles smaller than 48 mesh. In the pot experiment in the Yesan series the amount of absorbed phophorus was highest in the plots treated with the fused phosphate of 47.75% of particles larger than 48 mesh and 50. 216% of particles smaller than 48 mesh. 5. A reverse relationship was found between the absorbed phosphorus and silica. In the pot experiment in the soils of both the Jeonbug and Yesan series the amount of phosphorus absorbed by rice plant increased as the particles were finer, while the amount of absorbed silica tended to decrease.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.864-870
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effects of foliage plants on reducing indoor carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). Five foliage plants such as $Hedera$ $helix$ L., $Ficus$ $benjamina$ L., $Pachira$ $aquatica$, $Chamaedorea$ $elegans$, and $Ficus$ $elastica$ were selected and cultivated in two different growth medium (peatmoss and hydroball). Each plant was placed in an airtight chamber and then treated with the combinations of two different $CO_2$ concentrations (500 or 1,000 ppm) and two different light intensities (50 or $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$). The change of $CO_2$ concentration (ppm) in the airtight chamber during day and night was measured and then converted into the photosynthetic rate (${\mu}mol\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$). As the results, each foliage plant reduced $CO_2$ level in the airtight chamber for one hour by photosynthesis. $Pachira$ $aquatica$ and $Ficus$ $elastica$ absorbed $CO_2$ more effectively compared to the other plants. The plants exposed to higher $CO_2$ concentration (1,000 ppm) and higher light intensity ($200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) showed more effective $CO_2$ elimination rate and photosynthetic rate. The plants that have wide leaves and big leaf areas such as $Pachira$ $aquatica$, $Hedera$ $helix$ L.,and $Ficus$ $elastica$ showed higher photosynthetic rate than the other plants that have smaller leaves. Released $CO_2$ concentration by respiration of the plants during the night was very low compared to the absorbed $CO_2$ concentration by photosynthesis during the day. There was no significant difference between peatmoss and hydroball medium on reducing $CO_2$ concentration and increasing photosynthetic rate. In conclusion, this study suggested that foliage plants can effectively eliminate indoor $CO_2$. Optimum environmental control in relation to photosyntheis and usage of right indoor foliage plants having lots of leaves and showing active photosynthesis even under low light intensity like indoor light condition would be required to increase the elimination capacity of indoor $CO_2$.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 1988

A serial study on differential response in absorption and translocation of $^{14}C$-bensulfuron-methyl was conducted by use of a group of selected rice cultivars as the tolerant or the susceptible to bensulfuron-methly. Trial 1. Differential Response in Absorption and Translocation of Selected Cultivar Group. The susceptible cultivar group has reached as higher rate as 102%, 113%, 115%, 127% and 113% of the tolerant cultivar group in root absorption per seedling, per unit dry weight, and the rate of translocation from bottom to shoot, respectively. Trial 2. Differential Response in Absorption and Translocation of Selected Rice Cultivar as Affected by Exposed Time of Root Portion upto 48 hrs. ${\bullet}$ Regardless of leaf stage of experimented plants, the amount of absorption per seedling and per unit dry weight has reached rather higher in the susceptible(cv. IR 1846) than the tolerant (cv. Chinsurah Boro II). However, separating by portions, the tolerant was realized higher rate of aborption in root but the susceptible in shoot, respectively. ${\bullet}$ Translocation rate from root to shoot, namely the individual seedling based rate of radioactivity in shoot to total radioactivity, was significantly higher in the susceptile than the tolerant. ${\bullet}$ Depending on higher rate of seedling growth at the time of chemical treatment, the susceptible (cv. IR 1846) was seemed more sensitive even at equivalent rate of absorption and translocation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2009

This experiment was performed to understand the relationship between uptake of Fe and Mn by plants, red pepper and tomato, and soil physico-chemical properties under different soil conditions at an environmentally controlled chamber in NAAS(National Academy of Agricultural Science) in 2008. After the dipping for 3 days, four treatments, dipping, dipping+aeration, drainage, drainage+aeration, were set up to investigate the changes in soil redox potential and moisture content. Drainage+aeration changed soil to the oxidation condition from 72 hrs of treatment, and soil moisture content was immediately reduced after treatment. Uptake of Fe and Mn of red pepper was investigated with two treatments, soil only and the mixed[soil(50%) : bed soil(35%) : bark(15%)]. Red pepper leaves taken at 30 days after treatment absorbed excessively Mn from the treatment of soil only and the mixed, and thus uptake of iron was strongly reduced. Also, uptake pattern of Fe and Mn of tomato was examined with four treatment, soil only, soil(50%) + rice straw(50%), soil(50%) + compost(50%) and soil + aeration. Contents of Fe and Mn in tomato leaves was measured at 60 days after treatment. Fe content was the greatest in soil(50%) + compost(50%) whereas Mn content was the highest in soil only. As a result of this experiment, plant growth was stronger influenced by soil moisture content than redox potential or porosity, and the oxidation status of soil was likely to promote that plant predominantly absorbed Mn from soil and thus resulted in Fe deficiency.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.272-279
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• 1988

A pot experiment was conducted to define the effect of various soil phosphorus fractions for soybean yield and the relations of between various soil phosphorus fraction and each other in 11 upland soils with different capacities of phosphorus fixation and physico-chemical properties of soils. The effect of phosphorus fertilization was high in soils with high capacities of phosphorus fixation and low available phosphorus, and soybean yield was showed significant relationship with available phosphorus and inorganic soil phosphorus fractions. Fractional recovery of added phosphorus in soils were showed various range of 2.5-91.7%, and mean value of soils was 48.5%. In the relationships among the soybean yield, plant phosphorus content, phosphorus uptake and available phosphorus, inoganic phosphorus at flowering stage, soybean yield were showed significant relationship with available phosphorus content, phosphorus uptake were all showed significant correlation without Fe-P, but Fe-P was showed except Jeju soil. Al-P/Fe-P ratio was increased by phosphorus fertilization in soils at flowering stage, and in the relationships between Al-P/Fe-P ratio and soybean yield, phosphorus uptake, soil and plant phosphorus were showed high significant correlation, but Fe-P was not showed at flowering stage. P sorbed by soils from P 20ppm solution was decreased by phosphorus fertilization, and then decreasing rate was higher in soils with low capacity of phosphorus fixation then high phosphorus fixing soils. Also P sorbed was showed negatively high significant correlation with available phosphorus, plant phosphorus, phosphorus uptake and soil inorganic phosphours except Fe-P, and soybean yield was not showed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.61-79
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• 2009

This study is for incompatible element contents of Perilla frutescens and Sesamum indicum from the Keumsan: biotite granite, phyllite and shale areas. In the soils, high elements are shown in the granite and phyllite areas, and in the areas of the Perilla frutescens. Positive correlations are distinctive within the granite for the Perilla frutescens, but the shale for the Sesamum indicum. These relationships can be explained with relative propositions of minerals containing the incompatible element. In the plants, high elements are shown in the shale and the Sesamum indicum are high in the comparisons of the same soil types. The low parts are mainly high. Regardless of the soil types, the lower and upper parts, respectively, are high in the Y, Zr and Rb contents for the Perilla frutescens, but, Ta, Nb, Th and U contents for the Sesamum indicum. Positive correlations are distinctive within plants of the phyllite. Comparing with the soil types, all HFS and Cs contents of the LFS in the plants are low with differences of several to hundred times, but high in the Sr contents with differences of several times. In the comparisons between plants and soil types, Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, Rb, and Sr of the phyllite and Th, U, Ba and Cs of the shale for the Perilla frutescens as well as Y, Zr, Hf, Rb, Sr, Ba and Cs of the phyllite and Ta, Nb, Th and U of the shale for the Sesamum indicum are chemically similar to the soils. In the comparisons of the each parts for the plant types, differences with the soils are big in the granite.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.262-266
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• 2009

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial native soil bacteria that colonize plant roots and result in increased plant growth. The objective of this study was to determine the plant growth promotion in canola plants by selected PGPR strain 13-1 under low temperature condition. The seed treatment of strain 13-1 was enhanced plant height and root elongation on canola plant at low temperature condition. This result determined that a selected strain of PGPR can enhance plant growth and root propagation under extremely low temperature conditions. Thus, this PGPR strain extends their role on plant growth promotion on canola until low temperature condition for practical applications.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.3 s.107
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• pp.139-144
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• 2002

Most of army depots contaminated with co-contaminants, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT) and heavy metals. In phytoremediation for the TNT, heavy metals may inhibit mineralization, transformation and sequestration of TNT by the plant. We studied effect of cadmium on TNT degradation and transformation by Abutilion avicennae in hydroponic cultures. When cultured in 20 mgTNT/L and 1.3 mgCd/L, the plant displayed phytotoxicities; reduction of leaf fresh, leaf roil, chlorosis, leaf loss and fresh weight loss. Phytotoxicity was severer in the combined contaminants than in single contaminant. Because A. avicennae uptake just a little cadmium, 1.3 mgCd/L included in the TNT medium did not influece significantly TNT transformation, translocation and distribution by A. avicennae. Therefore, the soil solution containing cadmium would not affect TNT degradation by Abutilion avicennae in Army depots polluted with TNT.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2002

Most of army depots contaminated with co-contaminants. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT) and heavy metais. In phytormediation for the TNT, heavy metals may inhibit mineralization, transformation and sequestration of TNT by the plant. W studied effect of cadmium on TNT degradation and transformation by Abutilion avicenneae in hydroponic cultures. When cultured in 20 ㎎TNT/L and 1.3 ㎎Cd/L. the plant displayed phytotoxicities; reduction of leaf fresh, leaf roll, chlorosis, leaf loss and fresh weight loss. Phytotoxicity was severer in the combined contaminnts than in single contaminant. Because A. avicennae uptake just a little cadmium, 1.3 ㎎Cd/L induded in the TNT medium did not influece significanfly TNT transformation, translocation and distrivution by A. Therefore, the soil solution containing cadmium would not affect TNT degradation by Abutilion avicennae in Amy depots polluted with TNT.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.351-356
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• 1987

This study was conducted to investigate the absorption and translocation of pretilachlor [2-chloro-2, 6-diethyl-N-(n-propoxyethyl)-acetanilide] in plants and to evaluate the mobility in soil using the $^{14}C-or$ non-labelled compound in laboratory. Rice plant(Oryza sativa L.) was very tolerant to pretilachlor. Echinochloa crus-galli P. Beauv. was completely controlled by pretilachlor at 60g a.i./10a. At the 120g a.i./l0a, growth of Cyperus serotinus Rottb. and Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. was inhibited by 75% and 25%, respectively. The growth inhibition depended on absorbed amount of $^{14}C-pretilachlor$. The greatest concentration of $^{14}C$ was found in E. crus-galli, whereas the lowest was determined in rice plant. The rate of absorption and translocation in E. curs-galli was faster than in rice plan. Pretilachlor moved to 6cm deep in sandy clay loam, clay loam and loam soils, but to 10cm in sandy loam soil. In the soils herbicide-treated layer was found 0 to 2cm profile.