• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.3
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• pp.38-53
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• 2021

This research uncovered that the world-renowned British Museum has displayed ginseng as part of notable exhibitssince its opening. The British Museum was established in 1753 upon the bequest of Sir Hans Sloane, a famous physician, scientist, and collector. At the heart of his collections was the vast amount of vegetable substance specimens. This study first reconstructed Sloane's collection activities in the context of British Imperialism and botanical science in the early modern period. It then traced the origins and routes by which four ginseng specimens were obtained: Radix Ginseng or ninzin from China (VS 532), Ginseng. Id (VS 8,198), the roots and seeds of ginseng (VS 7,825), and ginseng root (VS 12,140). These specimens were presumed to originate from one type of Korean ginseng from China, a Japanese ginseng variant from Japan, and two ginseng species from North America. The English public learned about ginseng and ginseng exhibits via a flourishing printing culture. In England, Korean ginseng was appreciated much more highly than American ginseng.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.4-4
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• 2019

과학기술의 발달로 인해 국민의 생활수준 향상과 건강에 대한 관심 증대 등으로 인해 화장품을 비롯한 향장품산업, 기능성식품 및 천연물 신약 등에 대한 자원식물 유래 천연물질 수요가 증가되고 있다. 자원식물을 활용한 기능성 제품의 개발은 국민의 건강증진 뿐만 아니라 국제경쟁력 강화나 윤택한 삶의 추구에도 절대적 역할을 할 것으로 기대되고 있으며, 이러한 수요에 따라 제주의 특산 또는 우수 자원식물을 활용한 생리활성 물질에 대한 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 우리나라에 자생하는 관속식물은 총 4,500여 종으로 국가생물종목록에 작성되어 있으며 제주의 생물자원 중 관속식물은 해발 1,950m 한라산의 영향으로 2,200여 종이 분포한다고 최근 기록되고 있다. 이 중 식용 및 약용으로 활용 가능성을 갖고 있는 식물자원들도 약 800여 종이 분포한다고 보고되고 있다. 이들 자원은 대한약전, 생약규격집, 중약본초, 중약대사전 등 문헌에 근거한 자원으로 공정서에 수록된 약용식물 약 500여 종 중 제주 분포 약용식물도 217종으로 조사되고 있다. 이러한 제주의 약용식물 자원은 다양한 한의약재로 활용되고 있으며 민간약으로 활용되는 약용식물도 170여 종이 포함되어 있다. 특히, 최근에는 나고야의정서 발효에 따른 자원전쟁이 시작되어 자원식물을 포함한 생물자원 관리의 중요성이 그 어느 때보다 부각되고 있어 각 지역마다 자생 생물자원에 대한 주권을 확보하기 위한 연구들이 많이 추진되고 있다. 이와 더불어 지자체연구소인 생물종다양성연구소에서도 제주에 분포하는 자원식물들에 대한 주권 확립을 위한 생태사진 900여 종, 표본 1,400여 종, 유전자 정보 800여 종 등을 확보하고 있으며 추출물 2,000점을 확보하여 산업소재화 연구를 추진하고 있다. 저자는 여기에 제주의 자원식물을 활용하여 화장품 원료등재, 건강기능식품개별인증 소재 및 천연의약품 소재 등 산업소재화 연구를 수행했었던 생물종다양성연구소의 연구 결과를 소개함으로써 유사한 목적으로 연구를 수행하는 대학, 연구소 및 기업으로의 정보를 제공하여 제주의 자원식물을 활용한 산업소재화 분야에 작은 도움이나마 제공하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.220-227
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• 2004

Phosphorus desorption study is essential to understanding P behavior in agricultural and environmental soils because phosphorus is considered as two different aspects, a plant nutrient versus an environmental contaminant. This study was conducted to determine soil P buffering power related to P desorption quantity intensity (Q/I) parameters, $Q_{max}$(an index of P release capacity) and $l_0$(an index of the intensity factor), and to investigate the characteristics of relationship between the P desorption Q/I parameters and the soil properties. Soil samples were prepared with treatments of 0 and $100mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$ applied as $KH_2PO_4$ solution. The P desorption Q/I curves were obtained by a procedure using anion exchange resin beads and described by an empirical equation ($Q=aI^{-1}+bln(I+1)+c$). The P desorption Q/I curves for the high available P (${\g}20mg\;kg^{-1}$ of Olsen P) soils were characteristic concave trends with or without soil P enrichment, whereas for the low available P (${\lt}20mg\;kg^{-1}$ of Olsen P) soils, the anticipated Q/I concave curves could not be obtained without a proper amount of P addition. When the soils were enriched in phosphates, the values of desorbed solid phase labile P and solution P, such as $Q_{max}$ and $I_0$ respectively, were increased, but the ratio of $Q_{max}$ versus $I_0$ was decreased. Thus, the slope of desorption Q/I curve represented as phosphorus buffering power, $|BP_0|$, is decreased. The $|BP_0|$ values of the high available P soils ranged between 48 and $61L\;kg^{-1}$ in the P untreated samples and between 18 and $44L\;kg^{-1}$ in the P enriched samples. Overall $|BP_0|$ values of both low and high available P soils treated with $l00mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$ ranged between 14 and $79L\;kg^{-1}$. The $Q_{max}$, values ranged between 71.4 and $173.1mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$, and the lo values ranged between 0.98 and $3.82mg\;P\;L^{-1}$ in the P enriched soils. The $Q_{max}$ and $I_0$ values that control the P buffering power may be not specifically related to a specific soil property, but those values were complicatedly related to soil pH, clay content, soil organic matter content, and lime. Also, phosphorus release activity, however, markedly depended on the desorbability of the applied P as well as the native labile P.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 1971

Recently successful induction of haploid plant by means of anther culture method has become a big topic among geneticists and plant breeders. The haploid plant can be used as a precious material for such basic researches as mutation or genetics. Once the haploid is obtained, production of homozygous plant is not a difficult problem. The method of producing homozygous plant can, also, be applied to the practical breeding works. When applied to the hybridization of self-fertilizing breeding period would be greatly shortened and in cross-fertilizing vegetables production of uniform hybrid seed would be very easily obtained. Last few years many scientists attempted anther cultures using various plant species, but it was successful only in several species. Unlike the other tissue cultures which use somatic organs or tissues as explants, anther culture seems to be very difficult because the plants or calli have to be induced from the haploid microspores or pollen grains. In the present experiment anther culture of fruit trees and ornamental shrubs of four genera and seven species was attemped. Anthers of Various stages ranging from tetrad and late microspore were cultured on the modified Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with various concentrations of auxins and kinetin as growth regulators. Handling of materials, sterilization, and other operations of culture were done by routine methods. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Calli were induced in the anthers of Forsythia Koreana Nak., Rhododendron mucronuratum Turcz., R. yedoense Max. var. Poukhanense Nak., and Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Max. No signs of callus were observed in Prunus persica Sieb. et Zucc. var. vurgaris Max., Pyrus ussuriensis var. macrostipes (Nak.), and Prunus salcina Lindley. 2. Calli were easily formed in any of the media with differing concentrations of auxins and kinetin. 3. In F. Koreana calli developed from anther surface and connective. Callus emerging out of anther locule was not observed. 4. Somatic calli arose from filament, connective, and inside of anther wall in R. mucronulatum. Many of the microspores accumulated starch grains. 5. The anther lobes located opposite the filament of R. yedoense turned easily to calli. This phenomenon was not observed in R. mucronulatum. Microspore embedded for a period in the medium became starch pollen. No callus was observed arising from microspore. 6. In P. armeniaca calli were not induced from somatic anther tissues. Instead, callus emerged out of anther locule rupturing the anther slit. Starch was not formed in the microspore. 7. In P. persica, Pyrus ussuriensis, and P. salcina, calli were not observed in the anthers examined more than 60 days after culture. Microspores of these species, however, were free of starch grains even after long period of subculture. 8. It was learned that somatic calli of the species examined arose usually from endothelium of anther wall, septum of two neighboring anther locules, parenchyma tissues of connectives, or anther lobes. 9. In the anther locule of P. armeniaca cultured long in medium, swollen microspores, polynucleate microspores, multicellular pollen grains, or callus mass were frequently observed, this indicating that the callus of this species was microspore-origin. 10. It was clarified that in P. armeniaca production of haploid plant by anther culture might be possible.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 1979

In order to substract the time and cost of propagation for inducing the haploid plants per each species. 500 anthers of late uninucleate microspore on early binucleate microspore stage of Robinia pseudoacacia (Fuel tree) Punius granatum (Ornamental tree). Aleurites fordii (Faty tree) and Styrax japonica (Silvicultural tree) were cultured on the modified Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with Kinetin, 2.4-D and NAA as growth regulators. And I observed the samples of cultured anthers under the microscope which were made by Microtoming method and Paraffin method. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Among 500 cultured anthers per each species, anther numbers inducing the diploid callus were as follow: Styrax japonica 20 (4% for the species total); Aleurites fordii 10 (2% for the species, total) and Punica granatum 45 (9% for the species total) were showed. 2) 2n Callus were induced from anther wall. but haploid callus were induced from anther locule. 3) Haploid callus were induced only in 25 anthers (5% for the species total) of Robinia pseudoacacia. 4) These haploid callus were not originated from body cell of anther wall tissue, but from reduced microspores, 5) Since already reported many herbaceous haploid plants were induced from the callus which were originated from reduced microspores, I conclude that the anther of woody plant which induced the haploid callus also will be cultured haploid plant.