Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)
- Volume 13 Issue 1
- /
- Pages.25-39
- /
- 1971
- /
- 2586-6613(pISSN)
- /
- 2586-6621(eISSN)
Studies on the Anther Culture of Some Woody Species
목본식물(木本植物)의 약배양(葯培養)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)
Abstract
Recently successful induction of haploid plant by means of anther culture method has become a big topic among geneticists and plant breeders. The haploid plant can be used as a precious material for such basic researches as mutation or genetics. Once the haploid is obtained, production of homozygous plant is not a difficult problem. The method of producing homozygous plant can, also, be applied to the practical breeding works. When applied to the hybridization of self-fertilizing breeding period would be greatly shortened and in cross-fertilizing vegetables production of uniform hybrid seed would be very easily obtained. Last few years many scientists attempted anther cultures using various plant species, but it was successful only in several species. Unlike the other tissue cultures which use somatic organs or tissues as explants, anther culture seems to be very difficult because the plants or calli have to be induced from the haploid microspores or pollen grains. In the present experiment anther culture of fruit trees and ornamental shrubs of four genera and seven species was attemped. Anthers of Various stages ranging from tetrad and late microspore were cultured on the modified Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with various concentrations of auxins and kinetin as growth regulators. Handling of materials, sterilization, and other operations of culture were done by routine methods. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Calli were induced in the anthers of Forsythia Koreana Nak., Rhododendron mucronuratum Turcz., R. yedoense Max. var. Poukhanense Nak., and Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Max. No signs of callus were observed in Prunus persica Sieb. et Zucc. var. vurgaris Max., Pyrus ussuriensis var. macrostipes (Nak.), and Prunus salcina Lindley. 2. Calli were easily formed in any of the media with differing concentrations of auxins and kinetin. 3. In F. Koreana calli developed from anther surface and connective. Callus emerging out of anther locule was not observed. 4. Somatic calli arose from filament, connective, and inside of anther wall in R. mucronulatum. Many of the microspores accumulated starch grains. 5. The anther lobes located opposite the filament of R. yedoense turned easily to calli. This phenomenon was not observed in R. mucronulatum. Microspore embedded for a period in the medium became starch pollen. No callus was observed arising from microspore. 6. In P. armeniaca calli were not induced from somatic anther tissues. Instead, callus emerged out of anther locule rupturing the anther slit. Starch was not formed in the microspore. 7. In P. persica, Pyrus ussuriensis, and P. salcina, calli were not observed in the anthers examined more than 60 days after culture. Microspores of these species, however, were free of starch grains even after long period of subculture. 8. It was learned that somatic calli of the species examined arose usually from endothelium of anther wall, septum of two neighboring anther locules, parenchyma tissues of connectives, or anther lobes. 9. In the anther locule of P. armeniaca cultured long in medium, swollen microspores, polynucleate microspores, multicellular pollen grains, or callus mass were frequently observed, this indicating that the callus of this species was microspore-origin. 10. It was clarified that in P. armeniaca production of haploid plant by anther culture might be possible.
약배양(葯培養)에 의(依)한 반수체식물(半數體植物)의 유기(誘起)가 돌연변이(突然變異), 유전학등(遺傳學等)의 기초연구(基礎硏究)나 실지육종사업(實地育種事業)에 혁신(革新)을 갖져올 수 있다는 사실(事實)이 알려지자 최근(最近) 2-3년간(年間) 이에 대(對)하여 많은 연구(硏究)가 시도(試圖)되었지만 현재(現在)까지 성공(成功)된 식물(植物)의 종류(種類)는 수종(數種)에 불과(不過)하다. 식물(植物)의 여러조직배양법(組織培養法) 중(中)에서도 약배양(葯培養)이 특(特)히 힘든것은 이 경우(境遇)에는 환원소포자(還元小胞子)에서 Callus가 embryoid를 유기(誘起)하여야만 되기 때문이다. 과수(果樹)와 화목류(花木類) 4속(屬) 7종(種)의 식물(植物)을 대상(對象)으로 약배양(葯培養)을 시도(試圖)하였다. 배양약(培養葯)은 대개(大槪) 4분자(分子)에서 늦은 소포자기(小胞子期)의 것을 혼합(混合)하여 사용(使用)하였고 배양기(培養基)는 Modified murashige and skoog의 배지(培地)를 기본배지(基本培地)로 하고 여기에 NAA,
Keywords