• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 1998

Tritium concentration in the atmosphere during HTO exposure was different between two experiments due to different velocity of HTO evaporation. Assimilation rate of the rice plant was considered to be higher than that of Chinese cabbage The uptake of atmospheric HTO into tissue free water tritium(TFWT) was higher in rice plants than in Chinese cabbage. However, organically bound tritium(OBT) concentration is relatively higher in Chinese cabbage than in rice. The specific activity ratio(SAR) increased slowly after HTO exposure and decreased gradually with time. The behaviour of HTO in the soil was affected by the environmental conditions.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2007

유전자의 발현이 다양한 형태로 억제되는 것을 silencing이라고 한다. 유전자 발현억제 방법 중 antisense RNA는 자연 상태의 mRNA에 역상보적인 RNA 분자로서 형질전환된 세포에서 그 mRNA의 전이을 억제하는 데 이용된다. RNA분자에 대하여 상보적 염기배열을 갖는 RNA는 분자간 결합을 연결하여 RNA의 기능 발현에 억제적으로 작용한다고 생각된다. 미생물에 나타나는 유전자발현 제어기작으로서 어느 특정한 mRNA에 대하여 상보적인 RNA가 유전자 발현의 억제인자로서 작용하고 있는 예가 몇 가지 알려져 있다. 이러한 경우 antisense RNA는 mRNA 상의 전이개시영역과 상보적 배열을 하고 있고, 전이과정을 방해한다고 추정되고 있지만 작용기작의 상세한 내용은 아직 명확하지가 않다. 한편 안티센스RNA는 임의의 표적유전자에 대하여 인위적으로 제작할 수가 있기 때문에 인위적인 유전자발현제어의 한 방법으로 이용되고 있다. 특정한 유전자에 대한 antisense RNA를, 발현하는 유전자를 인위적으로 제작하여 세포내에 도입하면 표적유전자의 발현을 특이적으로 억제 제어할 수 있는 것이 기대되어, 다양한 생물체를 대상으로 하여 많은 시도가 이루어지고 있으며 몇 가지 성공적인 보고가 있다. 그 중 식물이차대사과정에 관련 유전자를 대상으로 antisense RNA 기법으로 유전자의 발현억제와 이차대사산물 생산조절에 관한 연구를 이 논문에서 조사하고 정리하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2009

As one of the new areas of 'omics' technology, there is increasing interest in metabolomics, which involves the analysis of low-molecular-weight compounds in cells, tissues, and biofluids, and considers interactions within various organisms and reactions of external chemicals with those organisms. However, metabolomics research is still at a fundamental stage in Korea. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish a strategic long-term plan to revitalize the national metabolomics approach and obtain the elementary data necessary to determine a policy for effectively supporting metabolomics research. These investigations clarified the state of metabolomics study both in Korea and internationally, from which we attempted to find the potentiality and fields where a metabolomics approach would be applicable, such as in medical science. We also discuss strategies for developing metabolomics research. This study revealed that promoting metabolomics in Korea requires cooperation with metabolomics researchers, acquisition of advanced technology, capital investment in metabolomics approach, establishment of metabolome database, and education of metabolome analysis experts. This would reduce the gap between the national and international levels of metabolomics research, with the resulting developments in metabolomics having the potential to greatly contribute to promoting biotechnology in Korea.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.135-153
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• 2015

The aromatic amino acids, which are composed of $\small{L}$-phenylalanine, $\small{L}$-tyrosine and $\small{L}$-tryptophan, are general components of protein synthesis as well as precursors for a wide range of secondary metabolites. These aromatic amino acids-derived compounds play important roles as ingredients of diverse phenolics including pigments and cell walls, and hormones like auxin and salicylic acid in plants. Moreover, they also serve as the natural products of alkaloids and glucosinolates, which have a high potential to promote human health and nutrition. The biosynthetic pathways of aromatic amino acids share a chorismate, the common intermediate, which is originated from shikimate pathway. Then, tryptophan is synthesized via anthranilate and the other phenylalanine and tyrosine are synthesized via prephenate, as intermediates. This review reports recent studies about all the enzymatic steps involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathways and their gene regulation on transcriptional/post-transcriptional levels. Furthermore, results of metabolic engineering are introduced as efforts to improve the production of the aromatic amino acids-derived secondary metabolites in plants.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 1986

The effect of powdery mildew infection on the $^{14}CO_2$ assimilation and metabolism of $^{14}C-$assimilates was studied with spring barley cultivars, susceptible Peruvian and adult-plant resistant Asse at the four-leaf stage. No consistent differences between Peruvian and Asse were revealed in $^{14}CO_2$ assimilation and metabolism of $^{14}C-$assimilates in healthy whole plants. In the two cultivars, $^{14}CO_2$ assimilation and translocation of assimilates decreased as the number of infected leaves increased. Despite the same infection intensity, $^{14}CO_2$ assimilation was less inhibited in Asse than Peruvian. Infection reduced the fixation of $^{14}CO_2$ in noninfected fourth leaves of Peruvian more severely than that of Asse. Infection of the lower 3 leaves also inhibited the incorporation of 14 C into carbohydrates such as fructose and glucose in noninfected fourth leaves and their translocation into leaf sheathes, the inhibitions being greater in Peruvian than Asse. In the infected third leaves, there was a reduction of 14 C-activity in carbohydrates, more $^{14}C-$labeled fructose and glucose being retained in Peruvian. The stimulation of $^{14}C-$organic acid synthesis in all plant organs was more pronounced in Peruvian than Asse. Powdery mildew markedly increased the incorporation of $^{14}C$ into amino acids in infected third and noninfected fourth leaves, but reduced their translocation to the leaf sheathes. A greater rise of $^{14}C-$ activity in some amino acids in the two leaves was found in Peruvian than Asse.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.265-275
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• 2002

Flavonoid biosynthesis is one of the most extensively studied areas in the secondary metabolism. Due to the study of flavonoid metabolism in diverse plant system, the pathways become the best characterized secondary metabolites and can be excellent targets for metabolic engineering. These flavonoid-derived secondary metabolites have been considerably divergent functional roles: floral pigment, anticancer, antiviral, antitoxin, and hepatoprotective. Three species have been significant for elucidating the flavonoid metabolism and isolating the genes controlling the flavonoid genes: maize (Zea mays), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) and petunia (Prtunia hybrida). Recently, many genes involved in biosynthesis of flavonoid have been isolated and characterized using mutation and recombinant DNA technologies including transposon tagging and T-DNA tagging which are novel approaches for the discovery of uncharacterized genes. Metabolic engineering of flavonoid biosynthesis was approached by sense or antisense manipulation of the genes related with flavonoid pathway, or by modified expression of regulatory genes. So, the use of a variety of experimental tools and metabolic engineering facilitated the characterization of the flavonoid metabolism. Here we review recent progresses in flavonoid metabolism: confirmation of genes, metabolic engineering, and applications in the industrial use.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2022

식물 내에는 배당체 형태의 생리활성 물질들이 다량 존재하고 있으며, 비배당체로 전환하였을 경우 생리활성이나 투과성이 증대된다는 연구들이 보고되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고활성 β-glucosidase 활성을 갖는 균주를 선별함으로써 식물 내의 비배당체 활성 성분을 증대시키는 데 활용하고자 한다. 균주는 전남지역 제조된 막걸리부터 분리하였다. 분리된 균주는 성장 속도 등 산업적으로 활용될 수 있는 가치를 평가하여 11종 22점의 균주를 분리하고, 16S rRNA분석을 통해 균주를 동정하였다. 동정된 균주를 이용하여 β-glucosidase의 활성을 평가하여 고활성 균주를 1종을 선별하였다. 선별된 균주는 다른 균주에 비하여 상대적 활성이 57% ~ 99%정도 활성이 높았으며, 공시 균주와 비교하였을 때도 상대 활성이 높은 았다. 선별된 균주의 특성을 규명하기 위하여 glycerol, L-arbinose를 비롯한 49가지의 탄수화물의 대사 활성을 확인해본 결과 25가지의 탄수화물 대사 활성을 가지고 있는 것을 알수 있었다. 또한 Lipase, β-glucosidase 19가지의 다양한 효소활성을 확인해본 결과 8종의 효소활성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2019

우리나라에서의 대마는 마약류로 분류되어 기호용과 의료용 모두 법적인 제재를 받아왔으나 최근에 의료용 대마가 법적으로 허용이 되어 환자들에게 처방 받을 수 있게 되었다. 하지만 우리나라 사람들에게 대마는 환각성분을 가진 마약류로 깊이 인식되어 왔으며 의료용 대마에 대한 연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 노지재배에서 발생할 수 있는 범죄의 위험성, 자연교배에 의한 품질저하를 피할 수 있으며 재배조건(양액, 광조건, 광주기, 대기환경조성) 등을 제어할 수 있는 밀폐형 LED 식물공장은 의료용 대마 생산에 제일 적합한 모델이 될 수 있다. 식물체의 광합성은 가시광선 중 특정 파장 450nm 청색광과 660nm 적생광을 주로 이용하며 'LED (Light Emitting Diode) 발광다이오드'는 식물체의 광합성에 적합한 파장으로 광원을 조사할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이러한 LED를 이용한 광합성은 식물체의 2차 대사물질 Anthocyanins, phenolic compounds 등의 향상과 생육에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 식물 뿐만 아니라 광합성을 하는 미세조류(micro algae)에서도 이용이 가능하며 해마토 코쿠스(Hematococcus)의 세포증식과 항산화물질 아스타잔틴(astaxathin)생산에 유용하게 쓰이고 있다. 최근 미국과 다른 나라에서도 기호용, 의료용 대마사업에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 캐나다와 미국에서는 밀폐형 유리온실과 식물공장을 이용한 의료용 대마를 생산, 추출, 가공까지 하여 산업적인 영역을 넓히고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 실내재배에서는 광원이 필수적인 요소이며 식물생육에 선택적인 파장을 조사할 수 있는 LED와 재배조건을 정밀하게 제어할 수 있는 밀폐형 식물공장을 이용한 의료용 대마 생산에 대한 연구가 절실히 필요한 시점이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.510-517
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) and characteristics of nutrient intake in MS subjects by gender and age. The subjects were 957(447 men and 510 women) who visited medical center for regular medical check-up. The diagnosis of MS subjects was adapted from NCEP-ATPIII with blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure and Aisa-Pacific definition with waist-circumference. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were practiced, then the nutrient intake analysis was assessed through the 24-hour recall method. The MS prevalence of all subjects was 10.3% in average -17% in men and 4.5% in women, respectively. The energy intake in MS group was 2,047.1 kcal and 1,699.5 kcal for normal group, showing significantly higher in MS compared to normal subjects. For intakes of animal fat, cholesterol, and sodium, MS group were significantly higher than normal group. In respect of gender, men subjects of MS group showed significantly higher nutrient intakes than normal group for energy, fat, and cholesterol. Women subjects of MS group showed higher intakes for energy, carbohydrate, and protein. For 30s, MS group showed higher intakes of energy, animal fat, and cholesterol than normal group. Fat and cholesterol for 40s and energy, carbohydrate, vegetable fat for 50s, MS group showed significantly higher intakes than normal group. In summary, MS group showed higher intakes of energy, animal fat, cholesterol, and sodium than normal group.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.488-494
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• 1993

The accumulation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids, sanguinarine, chelerythrine, chelirubine and macarpine occurred in suspension cultures of Eschscholtzia californica. To increase alkaloid production, feeding experiments with the biosynthetic precursors, tyrosine, tyramine, L-dopa, dopamine with and without elicitation were studied. In feeding experiments with various precursors, the total alkaloid production was slightly increased. The precursor feeding with elicitation, however, increased total alkaloid production several times.