Journal of Plant Biotechnology

The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology (한국식물생명공학회)
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Biosynthetic pathway of shikimate and aromatic amino acid and its metabolic engineering in plants

식물에서 shikimate 및 방향족 아미노산 생합성 경로와 이의 대사공학적 응용

  • Lim, Sun-Hyung (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Sang Kyu (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ha, Sun-Hwa (Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Choi, Min Ji (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Da-Hye (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Yeol (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Young-Mi (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 임선형 (국립농업과학원, 농촌진흥청) ;
  • 박상규 (국립농업과학원, 농촌진흥청) ;
  • 하선화 (생명공학원, 경희대학교) ;
  • 최민지 (국립농업과학원, 농촌진흥청) ;
  • 김다혜 (국립농업과학원, 농촌진흥청) ;
  • 이종렬 (국립농업과학원, 농촌진흥청) ;
  • 김영미 (국립농업과학원, 농촌진흥청)
  • Received : 2015.04.14
  • Accepted : 2015.05.29
  • Published : 2015.09.30
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Abstract

The aromatic amino acids, which are composed of $\small{L}$-phenylalanine, $\small{L}$-tyrosine and $\small{L}$-tryptophan, are general components of protein synthesis as well as precursors for a wide range of secondary metabolites. These aromatic amino acids-derived compounds play important roles as ingredients of diverse phenolics including pigments and cell walls, and hormones like auxin and salicylic acid in plants. Moreover, they also serve as the natural products of alkaloids and glucosinolates, which have a high potential to promote human health and nutrition. The biosynthetic pathways of aromatic amino acids share a chorismate, the common intermediate, which is originated from shikimate pathway. Then, tryptophan is synthesized via anthranilate and the other phenylalanine and tyrosine are synthesized via prephenate, as intermediates. This review reports recent studies about all the enzymatic steps involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathways and their gene regulation on transcriptional/post-transcriptional levels. Furthermore, results of metabolic engineering are introduced as efforts to improve the production of the aromatic amino acids-derived secondary metabolites in plants.

식물의 페닐알라닌, 티로신, 그리고 트립토판과 같은 방향족 아미노산은 단백질 합성의 구성 성분 뿐만 아니라 다양한 이차 대사물질들의 전구물질들이다. 이러한 방향족 아미노산 유래의 화합물들은 식물의 색소와 세포벽 구성성분을 포함하는 다양한 페놀릭 화합물들의 구성성분이자, 옥신과 살리실산과 같은 식물 호르몬으로써 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 또한 이들은 인간의 영양과 건강을 증진하는 높은 잠재력을 지니는 알칼로이드 및 글루코시놀레이트와 같은 천연산물로써 역할을 한다. 방향족 아미노산의 생합성경로는 shikimate 경로로부터 유래되는 공통의 중간기질인 chorismate를 공유한다. 트립토판은 중간기질로 anthranilate를 통해 합성되고, 페닐알라닌 및 티로신은 중간기질인 prephenate를 통해 합성된다. 본 논문에서는 방향족 아미노산 생합성경로에 관련한 모든 단계의 효소와 전사/전사후 수준에서의 그들의 유전자 조절에 대한 최근 연구들에 대해 종합적으로 되짚어 보면서, 추가적으로 식물의 방향족 아미노산 유래의 천연물질 생산을 증진시키기 위해 그 동안 시도되어온 대사 공학적 노력들에 대해서 소개하고자 한다.

Keywords

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