• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.791-801
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• 2021

In this paper, an educational case that can be applied as artificial intelligence literacy education for preservice teachers and incumbent teachers was studied. To this end, a case of educating the operating principle of an artificial neural network that recognizes images is proposed. This training case focuses on the basic principles of artificial neural network operation and implementation, and applies the method of finding parameter optimization solutions required for artificial neural network implementation in a spreadsheet. In this paper, we focused on the artificial neural network of supervised learning method. First, as an artificial neural network principle education case, an artificial neural network education case for recognizing two types of images was proposed. Second, as an artificial neural network extension education case, an artificial neural network education case for recognizing three types of images was proposed. Finally, the results of analyzing artificial neural network training cases and training satisfaction analysis results are presented. Through the proposed training case, it is possible to learn about the operation principle of artificial neural networks, the method of writing training data, the number of parameter calculations executed according to the amount of training data, and parameter optimization. The results of the education satisfaction survey for preservice teachers and incumbent teachers showed a positive response result of over 70% for each survey item, indicating high class application suitability.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.5-33
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• 2019

This study aims to explore the implications of the 2019 European Parliament elections. Existing studies show that European elections serve as secondary elections dominated by domestic issues. However, the 2019 European elections have highlighted pan-European issues such as the Brexit negotiations and the rise of far-right populism, with voter turnout also rising sharply to 50.62%, which is the highest record since the 2000s. There was also a significant change in the number of parliamentary seats held by each political group. First, the European People's Party(EPP) and the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats(S&D), which had hitherto led the European Parliament, failed to achieve a majority. Second, the number of seats won by Renew Europe, a new liberal-centrist group, was considerably high. Third, the far-right groups organized a full-fledged political force by rallying around the Identity and Democracy(ID) group. The rise of liberal-centrism can be explained as a reaction to the popularity of anti-European populism. Renew Europe's emphasis on open-market competition has created a different issue, especially since the center-left and center-right groups have stressed on the need for state intervention in employment, welfare, security and immigration control. Along with far-right populism, liberal centrism has also reshuffled Europe's political cleavage, and the conflict between 'liberalism' and 'protectionism' has become more evident in the European Parliament.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.381-388
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• 2023

Through artificial neural network education using spreadsheets, non-major undergraduate students can understand the operation principle of artificial neural networks and develop their own artificial neural network software. Here, training of the operation principle of artificial neural networks starts with the generation of training data and the assignment of correct answer labels. Then, the output value calculated from the firing and activation function of the artificial neuron, the parameters of the input layer, hidden layer, and output layer is learned. Finally, learning the process of calculating the error between the correct label of each initially defined training data and the output value calculated by the artificial neural network, and learning the process of calculating the parameters of the input layer, hidden layer, and output layer that minimize the total sum of squared errors. Training on the operation principles of artificial neural networks using a spreadsheet was conducted for undergraduate non-major students. And image training data and basic artificial neural network development results were collected. In this paper, we analyzed the results of collecting two types of training data and the corresponding artificial neural network SW with small 12-pixel images, and presented methods and execution results of using the collected training data for Orange machine learning model learning and analysis tools.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.15
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• pp.33-38
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• 1997

This investigation was attemped to know fruit quality of apple 'Fuji' grown at three different areas of Taegu. Fruits were gathered from hill side area : Kyungsangpookdo yongchongun chongtongmynn synwonri, flat area : Kyungsangpookdo yongchongun synyoungmyun youujeongri and river side area : Kyungsangpookdo yongchongun kewmhoyeub naenhchundong. Results were as follows: 1. In fruit sampling, we made an effort to select the same size of fruit from all areas, However, the size at river side area was about 40g lighter and minimum length was shorter than those of the other areas. On the other hand, maximum and minimum diameter of the fruit at flat and river side areas were longer than hill side area. Accordingly, shape index of the fruit in river side area was flatter than the other areas. This difference may be due to temperture, soil moisture content, etc. In squeeze rate of the fruit, no significant difference was recognized among areas. 2. Though, rate of fructose in total sugar was almost 50% in all areas, sucrose, fructose and sorbitol concentration of hill side area were higher than the other areas. however glucose was reverse amd brix was almost same as total sugar concentration. 3. Rate of malic acid in total acid was almost 98% and citric acid was only 2% in all areas. Malic acid concentration of hill side area was higher than the other areas and titratable acid concentration was almost same as total acid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.489-495
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• 2023

Radiation shielding facilities are constructed in locations where diagnostic radiation generators are installed, with the aim of preventing exposure for patients and radiation workers. The purpose of this study is seek to compare and validate the trend of attenuation thickness of lead, the primary material in these radiation shielding facilities, at different maximum tube voltages by Monte Carlo simulations and measurement. We employed the Monte Carlo N-Particle 6 simulation code. Within this simulation, we set a lead shielding arrangement, where the distance between the source and the lead sheet was set at 100 cm and the field of view was set at 10 × 10 cm². Additionally, we varied the tube voltages to encompass 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp. We calculated energy spectra for each respective tube voltage and applied them in the simulations. Lead thicknesses corresponding to attenuation rates of 50, 70, 90, and 95% were determined for tube voltages of 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp. For 80 kVp, the calculated thicknesses for these attenuation rates were 0.03, 0.08, 0.21, and 0.33 mm, respectively. For 100 kVp, the values were 0.05, 0.12, 0.30, and 0.50 mm. Similarly, for 120 kVp, they were 0.06, 0.14, 0.38, and 0.56 mm. Lastly, at 140 kVp, the corresponding thicknesses were 0.08, 0.16, 0.42, and 0.61 mm. Measurements were conducted to validate the calculated lead thicknesses. The radiation generator employed was the GE Healthcare Discovery XR 656, and the dosimeter used was the IBA MagicMax. The experimental results showed that at 80 kVp, the attenuation rates for different thicknesses were 43.56, 70.33, 89.85, and 93.05%, respectively. Similarly, at 100 kVp, the rates were 52.49, 72.26, 86.31, and 92.17%. For 120 kVp, the attenuation rates were 48.26, 71.18, 87.30, and 91.56%. Lastly, at 140 kVp, they were measured 50.45, 68.75, 89.95, and 91.65%. Upon comparing the simulation and experimental results, it was confirmed that the differences between the two values were within an average of approximately 3%. These research findings serve to validate the reliability of Monte Carlo simulations and could be employed as fundamental data for future radiation shielding facility construction.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.293-303
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• 2012

Recently, as construction technology improved, concrete structures not only became larger, taller and longer but were able to perform various functions. However, if extreme loads such as impact, blast, and fire are applied to those structures, it would cause severe property damages and human casualties. Especially, the structural responses from extreme loading are totally different than that from quasi-static loading, because large pressure is applied to structures from mass acceleration effect of impact and blast loads. Therefore, the strain rate effect and damage levels should be considered when concrete structure is designed. In this study, the low velocity impact loading test of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) slabs including 0%~1.5% (by volume) of steel fibers, and strengthened with two types of FRP sheets was performed to develop an impact resistant structural member. From the test results, the maximum impact load, dissipated energy and the number of drop to failure increased, whereas the maximum displacement and support rotation were reduced by strengthening SFRC slab with FRP sheets in tensile zone. The test results showed that the impact resistance of concrete slab can be substantially improved by externally strengthening using FRP sheets. This result can be used in designing of primary facilities exposed to such extreme loads. The dynamic responses of SFRC slab strengthened with FRP sheets under low velocity impact load were also analyzed using LS-DYNA, a finite element analysis program with an explicit time integration scheme. The comparison of test and analytical results showed that they were within 5% of error with respect to maximum displacements.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

In this paper, we represented the HTML5 webpage in 3D space for the 3D stereoscopic display by using CSS3 stylesheet; browser-based declarative contents, and proposed CSS Stereo 3DTV Profile. First, we suggested various webpage separation methods for reconstructing webpages in the 3D space effectively. Next, we suggested 3D view volume setting method by using extended CSS3 modules. And then, pre-processor converts sample contents which is written extended CSS stylesheet into the present CSS stylesheet for displaying in the webkit based browser. For the resulting stereoscopic images, we developed a rendering engine emulator which is implemented in JavaScript for simple display in the web browser, which produced dual images from virtual left and right-eyed cameras. And we have checked the sample contents displayed on the 3DTV.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.141-141
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• 2001

사이즈 프레스용 전분은 주로 산화전분이 이용되고 있으며, 전분업체에서 공급되는 것과 제지공장에서 자가변성으로 제조하여 이용하는 것으로 나눌 수 있다. 자가변성의 경우 경제적 측면에서 원가절감이 가능한 장점이 있는 반면 전분 품질이 다소 미흡한 단점이 있다. 자가변성 산화제로는 APSCAmmonium persulfate), 효소 등이 이용된다. 효소는 APS에 비해 전분 분자 내의 1,4결합만을 가수분해 시키고 점도안정성과 전분 용액 색상이 양호한 특성을 보인다. 또한 온도/농도/점도 등의 상관성을 자유롭게 이용하여 요구하는 전분 용액 품질을 얻을 수 있다. 제지용 전분 산화용으로는 주로 알파 -아밀라아제가 이용된다.본 실험은 산화전분을 효소변성을 이용한 생전분으로 가능성을 알아보고자 진행되었다. 일차적으로 실험실에서 하였고, 몇 차례의 mill trial을 통해 효소변성 전분 적용을 최적화하고자 하였다. 실험실적으로 효소변성을 위한 반응조건으로 온도, 시간, pH, 투입량 등을 설정하였 고, 각 조건별로 제조된 전분 용액의 점도를 측정하여 효소 반응성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과 전분 용액의 점도는 낮았고, 점도 안정성 또한 양호한 수준을 보였다. Cooking농 도는 20%로 하였으나 보다 고농도 cooking의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 시트 물성도 전반적으로 산화전분 대비 대등한 수준을 나타내었다. Mill trial은 무림제지에서 실시하였고 사이즈 프레스 조제식을 이용하였다. 전분 농도는 초기에 20%로 시작하여 30%까지 올려서 trial을 실시하 였고, 그 외 작업조건들은 산화전분 적용 시와 동일하게 하였다. 효소 반응시간으로 인해 cooking시간이 다소 많이 걸렸으나 전반적인 조제 작업은 큰 문제 없이 이루어졌고, 효소변성 전분 용액의 점도는 낮은 수준으로 유지되었다. 사이즈 프레스 작업성이나 시 트 물성도 산화전분 적용 시와 대등한 수준을 보였으나, 전분 차이로 인한 색상 차이로 부가적인 염료 조정이 이루어졌다. 한편 폐수부하 증가를 우려하였으나, 이에 따른 문제는 크게 발생되지 않았다.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.269-274
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• 2017

In this research, we simulated the elementary star shielding ability using Monte Carlo simulation to apply medical radiation shielding sheet which can replace existing lead. In the selection of elements, mainly elements and metal elements having a large atomic number, which are known to have high shielding performance, recently, various composite materials have improved shielding performance, so that weight reduction, processability, In consideration of activity etc., 21 elements were selected. The simulation tools were utilized Monte Carlo method. As a result of simulating the shielding performance by each element, it was estimated that the shielding ratio is the highest at 98.82% and 98.44% for tungsten and gold.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2001

Thin films of $SiO_xC_y$ deposited by means of PECVD(plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) using HMDSO(hexamethyldisiloxane)/$O_2$ were characterized. The effects of deposition conditions such as RF power, oxygen flow rate and hydrogen flow rate on the chemical bond structure, atomic composition, surface roughness and wear characteristics of the films were investigated by means of FTIR, XPS, AFM and Hazemeter. The deposition rate of $SiO_xC_y$ was greater than 100 nm/min, which is relatively high rate. The XPS results showed that the carbon content in a deposited film was lower than that of previous studies where different organosilicone materials were used. The optimum wear resistance was attained when RF power was 200 Watt and oxygen flow rate was 100 sccm. This study implies that the $HMDSO/O_2$ system is effective in forming a film with a lower carbon content and good abrasion resistance.