• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2014

This is the study to conduct the topographical analysis using the orthophotographic data from the waypoint flight using the UAV and constructed the system required for the automatic waypoint flight using the multicopter.. The results of the waypoint photographing are as follows. First, result of the waypoint flight over the area of 9.3ha, take time photogrammetry took 40 minutes in total. The multicopter have maintained the certain flight altitude and a constant speed that the accurate photographing was conducted over the waypoint determined by the ground station. Then, the effect of the photogrammetry was checked. Second, attached a digital camera to the multicopter which is lightweight and low in cost compared to the general photogrammetric unmanned airplane and then used it to check its mobility and economy. In addition, the matching of the photo data, and production of DEM and DXF files made it possible to analyze the topography. Third, produced the high resolution orthophoto(2cm) for the inside of the river and found out that the analysis is possible for the changes in vegetation and topography around the river. Fourth, It would be used for the more in-depth research on landscape analysis such as terrain analysis and visibility analysis. This method may be widely used to analyze the various terrains in cities and rivers. It can also be used for the landscape control such as cultural remains and tourist sites as well as the control of the cultural and historical resources such as the visibility analysis for the construction of DSM.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.401-414
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• 2017

To prevent the damages from earthquakes, various researches have been conducted around the world focusing on earthquake prediction and forecasting for several decades. Among various precursory phenomena, changes in groundwater level and quality are considered to be reliable for estimating the time of earthquake occurrence and its magnitude. In effects, some countries impacted by frequent earthquakes have established and operated the groundwater monitoring network for earthquake surveillance and prediction. In Korea, recently researches have begun for using groundwater monitoring techniques for earthquake prediction. In this paper, the groundwater monitoring networks of China, Japan, and the United States were reviewed focusing on the facilities and results of researches to deduce the tasks for earthquake prediction researches using groundwater monitoring techniques in Korea. In results, research needs are suggested in the implementation of groundwater monitoring networks for specifically earthquake surveillance with the real-time monitoring and the measures to quantify the degrees of abnormal changes in the relationship of distance from the earthquake epicenter.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2019

Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson는 영명으로 Elephant yam 또는 Whitespot giant arum 으로 불리는 천남성과(Araceae) 식물로 동아시아, 뉴기니, 오세아니아, 마다가스카르 등지에서 자생하고 있으며 숲의 가장자리 또는 2차림에서 발견 된다. 다년생 식물로 덩이줄기는 어두운 갈색의 둥근모양으로 직경 20~25 cm로 자라고 수염뿌리가 사방으로 달린다. IUCN 적색목록(Red List)에 관심대상 종(LC: Least Concern)에 속하는 식물이다. 현지인들은 마(Dioscorea Polystachya Turcz.)처럼 채소로 먹기도 하며 약용으로 쓰이기도 하는데 복부장애, 소화불량, 천식, 기관지염, 빈혈 등에 약효가 있다. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius은 $25^{\circ}C{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, 연강수량 1,000~1,500 mm에서 잘 자란다. 가운데 눈이 올라오면서 생장을 시작하고 며칠이 지나서야 잎 또는 꽃으로 자라는지 알 수 있다. 잎의 생육주기는 잎눈이 생장을 시작하면 잎자루 끝에 소엽과 소잎자루가 접힌 채로 올라온다. 소엽들이 펴지면서 완전한 모습을 갖추는데 30일 이상의 생장기간을 갖는다. 잎의 형태는 우상복엽(pinnate compound leaf)으로 우산처럼 보이는 잎 하나로 광합성을 한다. 잎은 최대 높이 2.5~3 m, 너비 3 m까지 자라며, 잎자루의 색은 녹색과 청색으로 얼룩덜룩한 무늬가 있다. 인공환경 조건에서 Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 생활사 중 잎의 주기를 연구하기 위해서 광, 온도 등의 지상부 환경은 열대 및 아열대 식물의 자생지와 유사하게 조성하였고, 지하부 환경은 인공 배합토를 사용하여 조성하였다. 평균온도는 $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$, 겨울철 최저 $16^{\circ}C$, 여름철 최고 $33^{\circ}C$를 유지 관리 하였다. 자동 환경제어시스템으로 온도 및 환기를 유지 관리하고 필요에 따라 수동제어 관리를 병행하여 조절하였다. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius는 잎을 먼저 생성하고 광합성으로 생산된 영양물질을 덩이뿌리에 저장을 하고 그 영양물질을 이용하여 꽃을 피우는 생육 특성을 지닌다. 실험에 사용된 공시 식물은 2018년 12월 미얀마에서 생체(덩이줄기) 형태로 도입되었다. 화분에 식재 후 약 5개월이 지난 시점에서 잎의 생장이 시작되었다. 2019년 7월 29일 기준으로 높이 80 cm, 너비 60 cm의 크기로 성장하였으며, 생육환경에 따라 3~5개월 뒤 잎이 지고 나면 다시 덩이줄기로 되돌아갈 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 지금까지 이 식물에 알려진 정보는 인공환경에서의 연구가 아닌 자연환경에서의 연구결과이기 때문에 인공적인 온실 환경에서 자란 Amorphophallus paeoniifolius는 잎의 주기는 더 오래 갈 수도 있으며 꽃의 주기 또한 느리거나 빠를 수 있다. 잎의 생장주기(Leaf Cycle)시 잎자루가 낮과 밤의 방향을 달리 하여 자라는 것이 관찰되었다. 이는 광합성을 위해서 잎자루의 방향을 햇빛 방향으로 돌리는 것으로 판단된다. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius를 실내 조경 식물 또는 식 약용의 소재식물로 활용하기 위해서는 꽃의 생장주기 등 추가적인 모니터링과 연구가 필요하다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.140-150
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• 2023

The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is an apex predator of the riparian ecosystem. It is a keystone and an indicator species; consequently, its presence suggests a sustainable water environment. Otter is a keystone species as a predator at the top of the food web in the aquatic environment and an indicator species representing the health of the aquatic environment. Although Eurasian otters disappeared from the Han River urban water system because of anthropogenic activities like habitat destruction, poaching, and environmental pollution in the 1980s, the species were sighted in the Cheonggye Stream, Jungrang Stream, and Seongnae Stream, which are urban sections of the Han River, in 2016 and 2021. Therefore, it is pertinent to assess the habitat potential in the area for conservation and management measures to ensure its permanent presence. However, existing studies on otter habitats focused on natural rivers and reservoirs, and there is a limit to applying them to habitats artificially confined habitats in narrow spaces such as tributaries in urban areas of the Han River. This study selected the Cheonggye Stream, an artificially restored urban stream, to evaluate its potential as a habitat for Eurasian otters in urban water environments using the habitat suitability index (HSI). The HSI was calculated with selected environment attributes, such as the cover, food, and threat, that best describe the L. lutra habitat. According to the results, the confluence area of Seongbuk Stream and Cheonggye Stream and the confluence area of Cheonggye Stream and Jungnang Stream were suitable otter habitats, requiring appropriate conservation efforts. The HSI model suggests a valuable method to assess the habitat quality of Eurasian otters in urban water environments. The study is crucial as it can help rehabilitate the species' populations by identifying and managing potential Eurasian otter habitats in highly urbanized areas of the Han River basin and its tributaries.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify issues in the family support center evaluation project by analyzing the differences in perception between evaluators and the family Support center using a meta-evaluation analysis model and seeking improvement alternatives. The results revealed a significant difference in group average: the evaluator group scored 4.21 out of 5 points, and the family center group scored 3.20 points. The improvement alternatives for each meta-evaluation item are as follows. In the evaluation environment, it is necessary to specify the purpose and utilization of evaluation within the guidelines of the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family. Evaluation input required the establishment of an evaluation support organization within the Korean Institute for Healthy Family. During the evaluation process, it was necessary to improve the use of the integrated family support information system and diversify communication channels. The evaluation results required the strengthening of follow-up education for family centers. In terms of evaluation utilization, it was necessary to strengthen support for various incentives and subcenters. This study provides implications for improving the evaluation system for various policy service delivery systems.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2021

The connected farm that agricultural land, agricultural machinery and farmer are connected with an IoT gateway is in the commercialization stage. That has increased productivity, efficiency and profitability by intimate information exchange among those. In order to develop the educational program of intelligent agricultural machinery and the agricultural machinery safety education performance indicator, this study analyzed patent trends of agricultural machine with unmanned technology used in agriculture and efficiency technology applied advanced technologies such as ICT, robots and artificial intelligence. We investigated and analyzed patent trends in agricultural machinery of Korea, the USA and Japan as well as the countries in Europe. The United States is an advanced country in the field of unmanned technology and efficiency technology used in agriculture. Agricultural automation technology in Korea is insufficient compared to developed countries, which means rapid technological development is needed. In the sub-fields of field automation technology, path generation and following technology and working machine control technology through environmental awareness have activated.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2024

Although industrial control systems (ICSs) recently keep evolving with the introduction of Industrial IoT converging information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT), it also leads to a variety of threats and vulnerabilities, which was not experienced in the past ICS with no connection to the external network. Since various control command messages are sent to field devices of the ICS for the purpose of monitoring and controlling the operational processes, it is required to guarantee the message integrity as well as control center authentication. In case of the conventional message integrity codes and signature schemes based on symmetric keys and public keys, respectively, they are not suitable considering the asymmetry between the control center and field devices. Especially, compromised node attacks can be mounted against the symmetric-key-based schemes. In this paper, we propose message authentication scheme based on double hash chains constructed from cryptographic hash function without introducing other primitives, and then propose extension scheme using Merkle tree for multiple uses of the double hash chains. It is shown that the proposed scheme is much more efficient in computational complexity than other conventional schemes.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.91-111
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• 2024

Most of utility cable tunnels are constructed utilizing shield TBM as part of the underground transmission line project. The TBM chamber is the only space inside the tunnel that encounters rock and soil, and is the place with the highest frequency of accident exposure, such as collapse and collision accidents. Since there is currently no way to measure the disc cutter wear from outside the chamber, frequent inspection by workers is essential. Accordingly, in this study, in order to prevent safety accidents inside the TBM chamber and expect the effect of shortening the construction period by reducing the number of chamber openings, the concept of disk cutter wear measurement technology was established and a prototype was produced. By considering prior technology and determining that magnetic sensors are most suitable for the excavation environment, wear measurement sensor package were developed integrating magnetic sensors, wireless communication modules, power supply, external casing, and monitoring systems. To verify the performance of the prototype in an actual excavation environment, a full-scale tunnelling test was performed using a 3.6 m EPB shield TBM. Based on the full-scale tests, five prototypes were operated normally among eight prototypes. It was analyzed that sensor measurement, wireless communication, and durability performance were secured within a maximum thrust of 3,000 kN and a rotation speed of 1.5 RPM.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.417-418
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• 2018

미국 국립가뭄경감센터 (National Drought Mitigation Center, NDMC)는 다양한 가뭄지수를 통합하여 미국 전역의 가뭄진행상황을 모니터링하고 가뭄대응정책 수립을 위한 주요 의사결정정보로 활용하고 있다. 대표적으로 1999년에 개발되어 현재까지 운영 중인 미국가뭄모니터 (United States Drought Monitor, USDM)는 미국 전역에 대하여 가뭄단계를 표시한 지도 (U.S. Drought Monitor map)를 매주 생성하여 제공하고 있다 (http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/). 가뭄지표(drought index)는 가뭄의 현황과 시공간적인 전개 과정을 분석하고 정량적 가뭄심도 평가 및 가뭄대응계획 수립을 위한 도구로써 다양하게 개발되어 활용되고 있다. 가뭄의 정도를 정량화하기 위하여 개발된 다수의 가뭄지수는 대상과 평가방법에 따라 가뭄을 표현하는 특성이 서로 다르다. 하나의 가뭄지수로는 가뭄특성을 온전히 표현하기 어렵기 때문에, 최근에는 단일 가뭄지수에 의존하기 보다는 다수의 가뭄지수를 이용하되, 여러 가뭄지수 간의 특징을 고려하여 각 가뭄지수가 갖는 장단점을 상호 보완하여 사용하기를 권고하고 있다. USDM은 파머가뭄심도지수 (Palmer Drought Severity Index, PDSI), Soil Moisture Model (NOAA Climate Prediction Center, CPC), 미 지리조사국의 하천유량 주간보고 (USGS Weekly Streamflow), 표준강수지수 (Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI) 등의 주요 가뭄판단지표를 선정하고, 가뭄판단의 기준으로써 각 가뭄지수의 가뭄심도 (drought severity) 및 백분위수 (percentiles)로 등급을 구분하였다. 가뭄등급은 '정상 상태 (none)'를 포함하여 '비정상적인 건조 (abnormally dry, D0)'에서 최악의 가뭄상태를 의미하는 '이례적인 가뭄상태 (exceptional, D4)'에 이르는 6 단계로 구분하고, 정상상태를 제외한 5 단계의 통합가뭄단계로 표시한다. 우리나라에서는 기상청, 수자원공사, 농어촌공사에서 기상/수문/농업관련 가뭄지수의 위험지도를 실시간으로 제공하고 있으며, 각 지표별로 상이한 기준으로 가뭄을 판단하고 있다. 각각의 가뭄지표에 대한 가뭄판단기준은 해당 국가의 장기적으로 축적된 자료를 활용하여 가뭄단계 및 가뭄판단기준의 재설정에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 SPI, SC-PDSI, 표준강수증발산지수 (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI), Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI), 유효가뭄지수 (Effectvie Drought Index, EDI)의 다양한 가뭄지수를 활용하여 USDM의 가뭄심도 및 가뭄판단기준을 적용하고자한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.560-564
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• 2007

Korea Basic Science Institute(KBSI) has three general electron microscopes including High Voltage Electron Microscope(HVEM) which is the only one in Korea. Observed images through an electron microscope are what they are tilted by each step and saved, offering the more better circumstances for observers, a reconstruction to 3D could be a essential process. In this process, a warping method decreases distortions maximumly of avoided parts of a camera's focus. All these image treatment processes and 3D reconstruction processes are based on an accompaniment of a highly efficient computer, a number of Grid Node Personal computers share this process in a short time and dispose of it. Grid Node Personal computers' purpose is to make an owner can share different each other and various computing resources efficiently and also Grid Node Personal computers is applying to solve problems like a role scheduling needed for a constructing system, a resource management, a security, a capacity measurement, a condition monitoring and so on. Grid Node Personal computers accomplish roles of a highly efficient computer that general individuals felt hard to use, moreover, a image treatment using the warping method becomes a foundation for reconstructing to more closer shape with an real object of observation. Construction of the electron microscope volume 랜더링 system based on Grid Node Personal computer through the warping process can offer more convenient and speedy experiment circumstances to observers, and makes them meet with experiment outcome that is similar to real shapes and is easy to understand.