• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1997

To investigate the effect of nitrogen level on the yield and quality of watermelon(Citrullus vulgaris S. cv. Bocksubak), N levels of 250, 200, 140, and 0kg/ha with the conventional amount of K and P supply non-fertilization treatments were compared one anther. Plant height, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight were better in nitrogen application treatments than no nitrogen and non- fertilization treatments. But there was no significant difference between nitrogen levels. Yield and fruit setting ratio were the highest in N level of 140kg/ha. Fruit weight was increased by N application, and soluble solids content was the highest as 12.5 $^{\circ}$Bx in N level of 140kg/ha. Nitrogen content of leaves was increased with the applied nitrogen amount and highest at the middle stage of growth. P content was no significant difference between treatments. Ca content was increased with the applied nitrogen amount and highest at the late stage of growth.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 1984

Effects of Foliar spray of Kinetin on the growth and metabolism of mulberry tree was investigated in this studies. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Appropriate level of Kinetin for the optimal growth of mulberry tree was 100ppm. 2. In the non-fertilizer, N, P, K, and N+P+K treated plots supplemented with Kinetin, the growth of mulberry tree was generally promoted, especially in the roots, in comparison to non-supplemented plots. The effect was notably outstanding in the N, and N+P+K treated plots. 3. The mechanism by which the growth of root is stimulated was fundamentally attributed to the hypertrophy of unit cells. 4. The chlorophyll contents of the leaves in the Kinetin supplemented plots were higher than that of the non-supplemented, especially in the N, and N+P+K treated ones. 5. Likewise, total sugar contents of Kinetin supplemented plots were higher than that of the non-supplemented. Particularly the N+P+K treated plots showed higher level of sugar contents. In other plots, there were no significant differences in the level of sugar contents. 6. The activity of GOT and GPT was higher in the Kinetin supplemented plots, particularly in the N, and N+P+K treateated. 7. The contents of ascorbic acid were increased in plots with kinetin supplement in the order of N+P+K>potassium>Nitrogen>phosphorus$\geq$non-fertilizer. 8. Difference between Kinetin treatment and non-treatment was not recognized in the contents of inorganic and organic compounds.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2015

Objective of this research was to investigate the influence of compositions and concentrations of fertilizer solutions on the vegetative growth and nutrient uptake of 'Seolhyang' strawberry. To achieve this, the solutions of acid fertilizer (AF), neutral fertilizer (NF), and basic fertilizer (BF) were prepared at concentrations of 100 or $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ based on N and applied during the 100 days after transplanting. The changes in chemical properties of the soil solution were analysed every two weeks, and crop growth measurements as well as tissue analyses for mineral contents were conducted 100 days after fertilization. The growth was the highest in the treatments with BF, followed by those with NF and AF. The heaviest fresh and dry weights among treatments were 151.3 and 37.8 g, respectively, with BF $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. In terms of tissue nutrient contents, the highest N, P and Na contents, of 3.08, 0.54, and 0.10%, respectively, were observed in the treatment with NF $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The highest K content was 2.83%, in the treatment with AF $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, while the highest Ca and Mg were 0.98 and 0.42%, respectively, in BF $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The AF treatments had higher tissue Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents compared to those of NF or BF when fertilizer concentrations were controlled to equal. During the 100 days after fertilization, the highest and lowest pH in soil solution of root media among all treatments tested were 6.67 in BF $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and 4.69 in AF $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively. The highest and lowest ECs were $5.132dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in BF $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $1.448dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in BF $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively. For the concentrations of macronutrients in the soil solution of root media, the AF $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment gave the highest $NH_4$ concentrations followed by NF $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and AF $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The K concentrations in all treatments rose gradually after day 42 in all treatments. When fertilizer concentrations were controlled to equal, the highest Ca and Mg concentrations were observed in AF followed by NF and BF until day 84 in fertilization. The BF treatments produced the highest $NO_3$ concentrations, followed by NF and AF. The trends in the change of $PO_4$ concentration were similar in all treatments. The $SO_4$ concentrations were higher in treatments with AF than those with NF or BF until day 70 in fertilization. These results indicate that compositions of fertilizer solution should to be modified to contain more alkali nutrients when 'Seolhyang' strawberry is cultivated through inert media and nutri-culture systems.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.372-380
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out in order to closely examine the influence of fertilization upon growth in container of seedling in indeciduous Quercus species (Q. mysinaefolia, Q. acuta and Q. glauca). METHODS AND RESULTS: Fertilizer level was made by adjusting water soluble compound fertilizer (N:P:K=19: 19:19, v/v) to 1000, 2000, $3000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ level along with non-fertilizing plot. Fertilization increased height, root collar diameter growth, and dry weight in these three species of trees. The more increase in fertilizer level led to the more rise even in growth of these species. H/D ratio and T/R ratio also showed tendency of getting bigger in the more rise in fertilizer level. Photosynthetic rate was shown to get higher in the higher fertilizer level according to fertilization in all the three species. In the analysis of root morphological traits, the total root length was surveyed to be longer in the more rise in fertilizer concentration. As even a case of root project area, surface area, and root volume is the similar tendency to characteristics in the total root length, a rise depending on fertilization was observed. CONCLUSION: In light of the results in this experiment, the fertilizer level is judged to be $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ level that is proper for production of 1-year-old container seedling in indeciduous Quercus species with excellent root development and high seedling quality index.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.598-608
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine potential effects of shading and fertilizing treatment - two basic applicable factors in production of 1-year-old container seedling - on growth and seedling quality of Quercus myrsinaefolia, one of evergreen tree species in warm temperate zone of Korean. Every experimental process was conducted in a facility that consisted of compartments under the lighting control with full sunlight and shading (35%, 55% and 75% of full sunlight). Based on fertilizing treatment, this study made an experiment in 4 groups of container seedling: control (non-treated seedlings) and 1000, 2000, 3000 ppm group (3 groups with different concentrations of water-soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=19:19:19, v/v). Seedlings under 55% shading with 2000 ppm concentration showed the highest height (totaling 21.1 cm), and under 35% shading with 2000 ppm concentration showed the highest root collar diameter growth (totaling 3.96 mm) among others. All three fertilizing groups except control showed H/D ratio ranging from 4.27 to 5.26 regardless of fertilizer concentration under 35% and 55% shading where container seedlings showed a tendency toward excellent growth of height and root collar diameter. Overall, 2000 ppm group under 55% shading showed highest dry mass production of leaves (1,292 g) among others, while 2000 ppm group under 35% shading showed highest dry mass production of shoots and roots (0.592 g and 0.998 g, respectively) among others. Also, it was found that 2000 ppm group under 35% shading showed the highest dry mass production of whole seedling, which was followed by 2000 ppm group under 55% shading and 3000 ppm group under 35% shading, respectively. According to analysis on LWR of Quercus myrsinaefolia depending on shading and fertilizing treatment, it was found that 3000 ppm group under 75% shading showed highest LWR level among others, whereas every fertilized group showed lower RWR level than control without fertilizing regardless of shading levels. In general, all fertilized groups under 55% shading had relatively high quality index (QI), and 2000 ppm group under 35% shading had highest QI among others. Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that shading level ranging from 35 to 55% and fertilizing concentration of 2,000 ppm are suitable for producing 1-year-old container seedlings of Quercus myrsinaefolia with excellent growth and high quality index.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.276-276
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• 2015

농경지에서의 액비 수요는 최근 증가하고 있으나 적정 액비시비량에 대한 기준과 사후 관리에 대한 명확한 기준이 없어 환경문제에 대한 고찰이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 시험포장을 선정하고 논에서의 질소 및 인의 동태를 모니터링하고, 관개수, 배출수 및 침투수 중 영양물질 및 중금속 잔류 특성을 분석하였다. 시험구는 대조구(화학비료 표준시비구, A)와 양돈분뇨액비 표준시비처리구(B)로 구성하였으며, 기상관측 측정을 위하여 자동기상관측기, 유입량은 수도미터계량기로 관측하였으며, 시험포장으로부터 유출량을 측정하기 위하여 압력식수위계를 각 처리구별로 설치하였다. 침투에 의한 영양물질의 유출부하량 평가를 위하여 침투계 1조 및 중금속 포집이 가능한 ceramic porus cup 4조를 각 처리구별로 설치하였다. 2014년 6월 9일 써래질 후, 6월 19일 $15{\times}30cm$, 1주 당 3본씩 "동진벼"를 기계이앙 실시하였고, 대조구 A는 농촌진흥청의 추천시비량, 처리구 B는 지상분무방식(액비시비 후 경운을 하는 방식 및 관개수 공급 후 액비를 시비하는 희석식)을 적용하였다. 기비 시비일은 6월 6일, 분얼비 시비일은 6월 26일, 수비 시비일은 7월 30일이었다. 강우량 대비 유출량 비인 유출률은 0.03에서 0.91까지 나타났으며, 담수의 수질조사는 평시 조사로 주 1회 실시하고 있으며, 분석결과는 SS의 경우 처리구 B가 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 영양물질(T-N, T-P 등)의 경우는 대조구 A에서 꾸준히 높은 농도를 보여주고 있으며 이들 농도는 시비 시기에 따라 첨두값이 다르게 나타났다. 특히 $TH_3-N$의 경우 휘발성이 강하기 때문에 처리구 B에서 매우 낮은 값을 보여주었다. 유출수의 화학성분 분석결과는 완효성인 화학비료의 특징으로 전체적으로 대조구 A에서 수질농도가 높게 나타났으며, BOD의 경우는 처리구 B에서 높게 나타났다. 침투수의 T-N은 대조구 A에서 상대적으로 높은 값을 보여주고 있으며 이는 $TH_3-N$의 휘발에 영향을 받는 것으로 보이며, $NO_3-N$은 처리구 B에서 더 높게 나타나 토양중으로 침출되는 양이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 액비시용에 따른 농경지 위해성 평가와 관리방안 개발을 위한 1차년도의 연구 성과로서 지속적인 모니터링을 통하여, 향후 새만금 유역내 축산밀집지역에서 나타날 수 있는 축산분뇨 관리정책 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.698-703
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• 1996

To elucidate the proper nitrogen application method for machine transplanting of rice infant seedling in no-tilled paddy, Dongjinbyeo was used and nitrogen was applied five methods including conventional application method. Leaf color was darker at 80% of total nitrogen was applied as basal and lighter at 20% of total nitrogen was reduced than conventional application method in tillering stage, but wasn't significantly different after panicle formation stage among the application method. And it was thinner at tillering stage and was darker after panicle formation stage in no-tilled paddy compared with tilled paddy. Tiller number, LAI and top dry weight were more at 80% of total nitrogen was ap-plied as basal than conventional application method, and more in tilled paddy than no-tilled one at tillering stage, but at heading stage they were highest at top dressing applied 25 days after transplanting. C.G.R was highest at top dressing for tillering was delayed and it was lower in no-tilled paddy at tillering stage but was higher after panicle formation stage than in tilled one. Yield was highest at top dressing time was delayed among nitrogen application method, but wasn't significantly different between tilled method in same nitrogen application method.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of developed composted liquid manure(DSCB), which was produced by adding N, P, and K to composted liquid manure(SCB), on the growth of zoysiagrass. Two different N sources used in DSCB were ammonium sulfate(DSCB-A) and urea(DSCB-U), respectively. Fertilizer treatments were designed as follows; non-fertilizer (NF), control (CF; chemical fertilizer), DSCB-Al($200mlm^{-2}$ DSCB-A), DSCB-A2($250mlm^{-2}$ DSCB-A), DSCB-U ($250mlm^{-2}$ DSCB-U) and CF+SCB(CF+$250mlm^{-2}$ SCB). In zoysiagrass, turf color index, chlorophyll index, dry weight and nutrient content were measured. Turf color index and chlorophyll index in DSCB and SCB treatment were increased by 1~3% and 14~28% than those of NF, respectively, and in DSCB-A1, DSCB-A2 and CF+SCB increased by 7~12% than those of CF. As applied with DSCB and SCB, the dry weight of DSCB-A1 and DSCB-A2 was increased by 25% and 19% in than CF, respectively and their nitrogen uptake by 19% and 6%. Evaluated with turf quality and growth, DSCB-A1 was the best and the most efficient in all treatments. These results indicated that application of DSCB-A1 promoted turf quality and growth of zoysiagrass by stimulating a nitrogen uptake, so that it was expected to replace to chemical fertilizers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.305-313
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• 2011

Fertilization is essential to seedling production in nursery culture, but excessive fertilization can contaminate surface and ground water around the nursery. The objective of this study was to find optimal fertilization practice of container seedling production for reducing soil and water contamination around the nursery without compromising seedling quality. This study was conducted to investigate growth performance, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and chlorophyll contents of Liriodendron tulipifera growing under three different fertilization treatments (Constant rate, Three-stage rate, and Exponential rate fertilization). Root collar diameter, height, and biomass of L. tulipifera were the highest at Constant treatment. Like growth performance, seedling quality index (SQI) were higher at Constant than at other treatments, but not significantly different among treatments. L. tulipifera showed good photosynthetic capacity at all treatments. Photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll contents were significantly lower at Exponential than at other treatments. Therefore, Exponential fertilization which is 50% fertilizer of other treatments would maximize seedling growth and minimize nutrient loss.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 1998

This study was carried out to estimate the effect of NPK fertilization on tree seedling growth and chemical properties of soil. Seedlings of Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Fraxinus rhynchophylla were planted in May 1998 in the nursery at Gariwang mountain, Kangwondo, and seven NPK fertilizer plots(4, 12, 28, 60, 124, 252, and $508g/m^2$) and one non-fertilized plot were used to meet the study objectives. Seedlings of Pinus koraiensis and Acer mono were planted in April 1998 in plastic pots of nursery at Chungnam National University, and seven NPK fertilizer plots(0.5, 1.5, 3.5, 7.5, 15.5, 33.5 and 63.5g) and one non-fertilized plot were used to meet the study objectives. To estimate the relative growth ratios of the seedlings, height and root collar diameter of the seedlings were measured after planting and also in October 1998. Soil samples were collected in October 1998 from the nursery of Gariwang mountain and the plastic pot of the nursery of Chungnam National University. The relative growth ratios of height and root collar diameter in Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Acer mono were greater in all fertilized plot than non-fertilized plot, but there was no difference in relative growth ratio of height and root collar diameter of Pinus koraiensis between the fertilized and non-fertilized plots. NPK fertilization increased soil P and K, decreased exchangeable Ca and Mg, and base saturation, and pH. Fertilization resulted in no difference in total soil N between the fertilized and non-fertilized plots of nursery of Gariwang mountain, but increased in total soil N in plastic pots. Fertilization increased the growth of hardwood species and had changed soil chemical properties of this fertilizer trials.