• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.555-562
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) with or without ruminally protected fat and niacin on the thermoregulatory ability, milk yield and milk composition of lactating dairy cows during summer in Korea. Thirty mid-lactating Holstein cows (134±12.4 DIM and 23.4±2.3kg/d of milk yield) were divided into three groups (10 animals/group). Cows were housed in a free-stall barn and were provided with forced- air ventilation (wind velocity = 4 m/s) using 41 cm diameter fans. Diet one was formulated to contain low DCAD (+15 DCAD) while the remaining two diets were higher in DCAD (+30 DCAD). One higher DCAD diet was formulated to contain by-pass fat and the second higher DCAD diet contained the niacin along with by-pass fat. The maximum ambient temperature during July was 28.5℃ which could be seen as a period of mild heat stress. As summer progressed, August was characterized as a severe heat stress condition with maximum ambient temperature (32.4℃) and THI (74.0). Dry matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients intake was not affected by the DCAD level and supplementation of ruminally protected fat or niacin. Milk production was higher in cows fed diets supplemented with fat and niacin than those fed un-supplemented diet. No difference in milk yield was observed in cows fed diets supplemented with fat or niacin plus fat. Milk fat and rectal temperature were not affected by the DCAD level and supplementation of ruminally protected fat or niacin. However, respiration rate was decreased in cows fed diets supplemented with either fat or fat and niacin compared to those fed. The results of the present study indicated that higher DCAD (+30) and supplementation of fat along with niacin can somehow mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on milk yield and physiology of lactating Holsteins during July and August in Korea. In present study reduced respiration rate and increased milk yield in lactating cows may be attributed to the cooling effect of supplemented fat along with vasodilatory functions of niacin. (Key Words: DCAD, Heat stress, THI, milk yield, Milk fat, Holstein)

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2003

Purpose : Accurate diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis(APN) using clinical and laboratory parameters is often difficult in children. Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that renal scarring can be prevented or diminished by early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of acute pyelonephritis. dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) renal scan has been reported to be useful in children for confirmation of the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. An analysis was undertaken to correlate the clinical and laboratory manifestations of APN With the results of the DMSA renal scan in different age groups. Methods : We determined the sensitivity of DMSA renal scan in febrile urinary tract infections(UTI) in two groups according to age : group I in less than 2 years; group II in older than 2 years. During the period March 2001 through September 2002, 67 children presented with febrile UTIs. All patients had DMSA renal scan done in the acute period, 55 had voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) and 66 had renal ultrasonogram(RUS) done. Results : There were no significant difference between the two groups in DMSA renal scan (P>0.05). But, in group I sensitivity of DMSA renal scan was 47%; in group II sensitivity of DMSA renal scan was 70%. The grade of reflux correlated with a positive DMSA renal scan. Vesicoureteral reflux did not correlate with age. RUS did not correlate with a positive DMSA renal scan in any age group. Abnormality of RUS did not correlate with age. Conclusion : At present, we believe that DMSA renal scan is the prevailing method in differention of the APN. In addition, it is not invasive and less costly. Even though there is no statistical difference in the sensitivity of DMSA renal scan between young and older children, we can observe that in the younger group, the sensitivity of DMSA renal scan seemed to be lower(47%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.359-363
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• 2009

This study was performed to establish a rapid and simple analytical method for niacin (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) using HPLC. A pretreatment method for the extraction and clean-up of niacin in infant formula sample and an instrumental condition for HPLC were optimized. Niacin was extracted by 5 mM hexanesulfonate with ultrasonication for 30 min. For the clean-up of the sample, the extract was applied to a HLB cartridge, and then niacin was eluted from the cartridge using 5 mL of 80% methanol after washing with 5 mL of n-hexane. The total recoveries were $83{\sim}104%$ and relative standard deviation were in the range of $1.5{\sim}3.5%$ during the extraction and clean-up process. Niacin was determined by gradient elution with sodium hexanesulfonate/methanol buffer as a mobile phase and a photodiode array detector (260 nm). It showed a high linearity between the content of niacin and the peak area ($r^2$=1.000) in the range of $0.02{\sim}10.0$ mg/L of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. The detection limit was 0.02 mg/L (0.2 mg/kg in the sample). The method was successfully applied for the determination of niacin in infant formula. Total niacin contents were in the range of $53.5{\sim}140.3$ mg/kg.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

The Neis System is a system integrating administrative information that was operated in elementary and secondary schools in Korea. Currently, this system is operated by a central server method and contains school administration information and important educational information of students. Among student information, the student life record contains important information for a student to advance to a higher level institution, but problems such as information leakage or manipulation may occur due to malicious attacks. In this paper, we propose a hybrid blockchain system that combines the server and blockchain technology managed by the existing Neis system. The proposed system records the query information of the database in a block when student information is accessed. When a request for correction of student information or issuance of a certificate is received, the query of the blockchain, the information in the database, and the student's key value are checked to determine whether the information has been leaked or manipulated, and only if the data is normal, the request for revision of the record is performed. This process is more secure than the existing central server because it checks the manipulation of data through the blockchain. The proposed system was implemented on the Ethereum platform, and the query information of the blockchain was experimentally verified using smart contracts. This study contributes to enhancing the reliability of the Nice system by strengthening the security against forgery and alteration of student data by combining the existing Nice system with a block chain.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.729-740
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• 2016

This study was conducted to assess the needs of smartphone application development for self care performance of 374 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The mean age of the subjects was 46.2 years. The patients obtained information about chronic hepatitis B from the internet (41.3%), nurses or doctors (23.8%), television (15.6%), and smartphones (6.2%). The reason that the information about hepatitis B didn't come from a smartphone were 'Lack of useful applications' (75.9%), 'Could not believe the information' (15.0). If the application is developed, subjects replied 'Frequently use' (59.9%), 'When needed' (33.2%). The desired contents were 'Knowledge of disease' (27.1%), 'Drug calender' (16.8%), 'Reference of information' (15.5%), 'Record of lab data' (14.6%). Ability to use the smartphone, depended on age and level of education, however the needs for the development of the smartphone application, there were not differences. Also, there were different desired contents of application, depended on age and level of education. Therefore, when developing smartphone applications for self care performance of chronic hepatitis B patients considering educational level and age, it could be widely utilized as a tool which can help to the self care performance of chronic hepatitis B patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.500-507
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• 2008

By Using various grinding mill in powder cosmetics manufacturing process; screen milt and pin mill, jet mill, properties of the powder and grinding mills were studied; talc, mica, nylon powder, silica, titanium dioxide. Besides, the experiments fur evaluation of grinding were performed by using iron oxides those are tracers. In powders of plate shape, they were grinded more vertically than horizontally at the screen mill and pin mill, although were all grinded vertically and horizontally at the jet mill. The spheric powders became the primary particles or aggregation by electrostatic interaction at the screen mill and pin mill. But, at the jet mill, they resulted the agglomeration or transformation or damage up to 2bar. Titanium dioxides became the primary particles by all grinding mill. Pin mill has an excellent result in experiments which is a change of the tone of color by grinding. From these results, suggest that the jet mill is used to pre-treat of powders of plate shape in practical cosmetic manufacturing process, and the screen mill and pin mill are used to match the color of powder cosmetics. If industrial process condition is taken into consideration, suggest that 4times of grinding is excellent on grinding effect by the screen mill, and twice grinding by the pin mill and grind air pressure of 1bar by the jet mill.

• 건강소식
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.42-43
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• 2008

주로 여름철에 발생하는 익사사고는 강에서 멱을 감는 소년층에서 가장 많다. 대부분은 안전수칙을 잘 지키지 않거나 수영미숙 등으로 사고가 많이 일어나며 또한 수심이 갑자기 깊어지는 경우에 일어나기도 한다. 그 외에도 수영장이나 바다에서도 익사가 발생하고 있다. 익사사고는 기도에 물이 들어가는 질식사가 주원인이나, 실제로 기도나 폐에 물의 양이 많지 않은 경우가 대부분이며 때로는 기도에 물이 전혀 없는 후두경련으로 인한 기도폐쇄 즉 건성익사도 있다. 사고 시 소생술 시작이 늦으면 늦을수록, 소생술자의 경험이 미숙할수록 치사율은 높으며 나이가 어릴수록 소생 후에도 더 위험하다.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.8 s.363
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• pp.19-21
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• 1999

19세기 영국의 낭만주의 시인 바이런의 외동딸인 오거스타 에이더 킹(Augusta Ada King, 1815~1851년)은 아버지의 글솜씨와 인생에 대한 열정을 물려받은 정열적인 여인이었다. 이 아름다운 여인은 아버지 바이런처럼 36세의 젊은 나이에 세상을 떴으나 그녀가 남긴 귀중한 노트는 오늘날 과학사가 사이의 화두가 되고 있다. 에이더를 세계 최초의 컴퓨터 프로그래머라고 주장하는 사람들이 있는가 하면 노트의 내용이 과연 그녀에게서 나온 아이디어인가를 의심하는 사람도 있다.

• The Science & Technology
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• no.9 s.412
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• pp.86-91
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• 2003

화석이란 지질 시대에 살았던 생물, 곧 고생물의 유체나 흔적이나 배설물들이 지층에서 바위나 돌멩이처럼 굳어져 있는 것을 말한다. 또 지질시대란, 46억 년의 역사를 가진 지구역사에서 최초의 바위가 만들어지기 시작했던 때부터 역사시대 이전까지를 말한다. 그러므로 화석의 나이는 최소한 5천~6천년은 더 되므로, 80년 정도를 사는 인간의 처지에서보면 상상이 되지 않는 때에 살았던 생물들이 껍데기나 뼈대나 알 그리고 배설물들이다. 그러나 이집트 미이라는 역사시대의 유물이므로 사람의 화석이라도 말하지 않는다.

• KAPE Magazine
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• s.148
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• pp.8-9
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• 2008

1976년 28세의 나이에 낙농으로 축산을 시작한 신만식 사장은 우유파동 후 1995년 지금의 농장(김해시 한림면 신천리)에서 한우사육을 시작하여, 현재 5개동($2,610.8m^2$)에서 거새우 200두를 사육하고 있다. 시작할 당시 신축한 축사는 최고의 시설을 자랑하는 수준으로 요즘 최신 시설과는 많은 차이가 있지만, 그래도 조금씩 보수를 해서 환기시설이나 TMR 배합기 시설을 갖추고 있다.