• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 2004

It is important for designers to be supported with their decision-making on colours which is often based on personal distinction rather than logical dialogue that may lead to confusion within communicating with others. To help these problems and to gain productivity, we would like to propose a way to define colour grouping method. In other words, the purpose of this study is to help to improve the communication and productivity within the design and designers. The grouping was based and inspired by from the studies of Kobayashi, Hideaki Chijiawa, Allis Westgate and Martha Gill. The study of grouping is based on the "tones" of each group, as they seem to reflect a designer s sentimentalism of chosen colours the best. Each of these groups will be named Bright , Pastel ,Deep and Neutral The general concept of each groups are: - Bright: high quality of pixels of primary colour - Pastel: primary colour with white - - Deep: Primary colour with gray or black - Neutral: colours that does not include any of above Each of the colour group has been allocated into Si-Hwa Jung's colour charts and colour prism to visualize the relationships between the colour groups. These four groups and the colours included in them will be broken down to smaller groups in order to make colour palette. This would break the barrier and result in using colours in groups as well as crossover coordination. This study would result in new ways of using colurs for designers designers

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.452-457
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• 2015

Recently, wearable devices have gained popularity with familiar form factors and designs of eye-wear and watch to satisfy wearers' various preferences. Since UI/UX of smartphones can not be applied directly on smaller wearable devices, text entry on wearable devices is still problematic. In this paper, we first identify UI/UX problems of existing input methods and propose a new input method for wearable devices specifically targeting smartwatch platforms. We design and implement an efficient text entry method for wearable devices using trackball sensor and evaluate its performance and usability.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2018

Purpose: Little is known regarding the extent to which dying patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receive life-sustaining procedures and palliative care in U.S. hospitals. We examine hospital cost trends and the impact of palliative care utilization on the use of life-sustaining procedures in this population. Methods: Retrospective nationwide cohort analysis was performed using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2005 and 2014. We examined the receipt of both palliative care and intensive medical procedures, defined as systemic procedures, pulmonary procedures, or surgeries using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9-CM). Results: We used compound annual growth rates (CAGR) to determine temporal trends and multilevel multivariate regressions to identify factors associated with hospital cost. Among 77,394,755 hospitalizations, 79,314 patients were examined. The CAGR of hospital cost was 5.83% (P<0.001). The CAGRs of systemic procedures and palliative care were 5.98% and 19.89% respectively (each P<0.001). Systemic procedures, pulmonary procedures, and surgeries were associated with increased hospital cost by 59.04%, 72.00%, 55.26%, respectively (each P<0.001). Palliative care was associated with decreased hospital cost by 28.71% (P<0.001). Conclusion: The volume of systemic procedures is the biggest driver of cost increase although there is a cost-saving effect from greater palliative care utilization.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.3-14
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• 2015

This study has extracted observation data by spatial factor for the analysis of subjects' selective attention with the objects of public space at the entrance of subway stations. The methods extracting observation data can be summarized as the following. First, the frequency analysis by lattice was prevalent for those methods, but there is a limitation to the analysis of the observation data. On the contrary, the method extracting observation data by factor applied in this study can make it clear if any sight is concentrated on any particular factors in a space. Second, the results from the extracted data corresponding to the observation area can be objectified while the method setting up the observation area by applying the radius of fovea. Third, time-sequential trace of observation results of relevant factors was possible through hourly analysis of spatial factors. The consideration of the results of "corresponding spatial scope" which is the object of this study will reveal that the more the observation time, the less the degree of attention it receives. Fourth, the frequency of observation superiority was applied for the analysis of the sections with selective attention by time scope; this revealed that men and women had intensive observation in time scope I (52.4 %) and in time scope IV (24.0 %), respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.340-349
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze achievements in industry - academia cooperation and to draw policy implications. To accomplish this, I analyzed the achievements of industry - academia cooperation in a timely manner. Research shows that the total research fund of universities has (consistently)increased, and the intellectual property rights in various fields have increased. Domestic patents are the most successful, and design and trademarks have significantly increased. Second, as the number of patent applications increases, the required research funding per piece has decreased, and the productivity has increased significantly. In addition, the number of technology patents exceeded 4 per 1 billion won of research funding. The third transfer period of technology started in earnest following the establishment of the Industry-University Cooperation Act in 2003, and has shown positive results. A recent trend, however, has been a tendency that the technology fee per technology transfer has been declining. It is necessary to evaluate the industry-university cooperation system and improve the performance of the technical fee. In addition, it is necessary to increase research funding not only in science and technology, but also in the humanities and social sciences.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.7 s.110
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• pp.889-900
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• 2006

Even though sensor networks are different in user requests and data characteristics depending on each application area, the existing researches on stream data transmission problem focus on the performance improvement of their methods rather than considering the original characteristic of stream data. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical or distributed sensor network architecture and data model, and then evaluate the multivariate data reduction methods suitable for user requirements and data features so as to apply reduction methods alternatively. To assess the relative performance of the proposed multivariate data reduction methods, we used the conventional techniques, such as Wavelet, HCL(Hierarchical Clustering), Sampling and SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) as well as the experimental data sets, such as multivariate time series, synthetic data and robot execution failure data. The experimental results shows that SVD and Sampling method are superior to Wavelet and HCL ia respect to the relative error ratio and execution time. Especially, since relative error ratio of each data reduction method is different according to data characteristic, it shows a good performance using the selective data reduction method for the experimental data set. The findings reported in this paper can serve as a useful guideline for sensor network application design and construction including multivariate stream data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 2015

Brownfield sites are beginning to be considered as potentially useful areas for landscape design and planning, with post-industrial areas such as water treatment facilities and military training bases being converted into useful landscapes such as parks and recreation areas. These redevelopments bring broad benefits through revitalizing communities and increasing property values, thus, increasing the demand for comprehensive management and planning policies. This study examines changes in U.S. brownfield policies and programs and, identifies their periodic characteristics over the thirty years since the Superfund program was introduced in 1980. A descriptive and interpretive approach was utilized, focusing specifically on a time sequential analysis of the data gathered from the overview of the Environmental Protection Agency's web-based documents and related literature. The primary changes in and characteristics of programs and policies were analyzed and divided into three periods : environmental protection, remediation and reuse, and comprehensive planning. Four major features were identified: relaxation and readjustment of regulation, diversification of support programs, a mix of top-down and bottom-up approaches, and database system building. The study examines how common brownfield problems such as site identification difficulties and assessment and remediation cost have been dealt with in the regulatory context and has implications for future policies and programs for effective brownfield planning and management in Korea.