• 한국ITS학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• v.2007 no.10
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2007

• 월간낙농육우
• /
• v.34 no.12
• /
• pp.175-188
• /
• 2014

인천에서 11시간 30분을 날아 독일 프랑크푸르트, 다시 그곳에서 1시간을 더 날아 도착한 파리는 이미 밤이 깊어 있었다. 13시간 가까이를 비행기에서 보낸 일행들은 7시간 젊어진 프랑스의 수도 파리에 도착했다. 오랜 비행에 지칠 만도 했지만 내일부터 있을 연수에 대한 기대 때문인지 88년생 막내부터 56년생 최고참까지 22명의 여성낙농인들은 18세 소녀들처럼 활기가 넘쳤다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.778-793
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze observation characteristics through eye movement according to cognitive styles. To do this, we developed observation tasks that show the differences between wholistic cognitive style group and analytic cognitive style group, measured eye movement of university students with different cognitive styles after being given an observation task. The difference between two cognitive style groups is confirmed by analysing gathered statistics and visualization data. The findings of this study are as follows: First, to compare fixation time and frequency, we compared the average value of total time used in the observation task by the wholistic cognitive style group and analytic cognitive style group. The numbers of Fixation (total) and number of Fixations (30s), is based on the fact that the wholistic cognitive style group has more numbers of fixation (Total) and number of fixations (30s) means the wholistic cognitive style group can observe more points or overall features than the analytic cognitive style group, in contrast, the analytic cognitive style group tend to focus on a particular detail, and observe less numbers of points. Second, to compare observation object and area by cognitive style, the outcome of analysing visualization data shows that wholistic cognitive style group observes the surrounding environment of spider and web on a wider area, on the other hand, the analytic cognitive style group observes by focusing on the spider itself. Through the result of this study, there are differences in observation time, frequency, object, area, and ratio from the two cognitive styles. It also shows the reason why each student has varied outcome, from the difference of information following their cognitive styles, and the result of this study helps to figure out and give direction as to what observation fulfillment is more suitable for each student.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.379-386
• /
• 2015

We propose a novel user-perceived performance optimization framework for the Android platform that takes advantage of the user-centric response time analysis. To this end, we propose a new definition of response time, which we call the user-centric response time, as a metric for the quality of user-perceived performance of the smartphone application. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of an on-line user-centric response time analyzer for Android-based smartphones, which provides smartphone application developers with valuable insight for user-perceived performance optimization. We implemented the user-centric response time analyzer on the Android platform, version 4.0.4 (ICS) running on a Galaxy Nexus smartphone. From our experimental results, the proposed user-centric response time analyzer accurately estimates user-centric response times with an accuracy of 92.0% compared to manually measured times with less than 1% performance penalty. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed framework, we were able to reduce the user-centric response time of the target application by up to 16.4% based on the evaluation results by the proposed framework.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.25-46
• /
• 2012

When performing a monotonous task, one often experiences an urge to quit. This urge may vary depending on how long one has performed the task (a temporal factor) and on which particular component of the task one is carrying out (an event-based factor). Using the Stroop task and a working memory task, we examined changes in the urge to quit as a function of basic temporal (repetition) and event-based (cognitive conflict) factors. Consistent with the law of least work and recent theorizing, for the memory task, urges to quit were greater following difficult trials; for the Stroop task, urges to quit were greater following incongruent than congruent trials, but only during early/novice phases of performance, when responding is inefficient. This is a demonstration of an avoidance response toward cognitive conflict. Regarding temporal sources of quitting, urges to quit were greater for late task stages than early stages. These basic findings may illuminate the nature of the more 'hot' motivational struggles involving the delay of gratification.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.408-415
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the delayed resolution of cognitive conflict on middle school students' conceptual change in learning the concept of the action and reaction with cognitive conflict strategy. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the time in which teacher tried to resolve cognitive conflict: instant resolution group, 2-day delay resolution group, and 7-day delay resolution group. Pretest, just before test, posttest, and delayed posttest were examined to measure the degree of conceptual change. Delay resolution groups' students answered the questionnaire asking what they had done to resolve cognitive conflict during the period which had been delayed resolution of cognitive conflict. The results of this study were as follows. First, instant resolution group showed significantly more scientific conceptual change than delay resolution groups. Secondly, most of delay resolution groups' students who tried to resolve cognitive conflict interacted with their peers. Also, delayed resolution of cognitive conflict was not helpful to resolve cognitive conflict. Thirdly, in delay resolution groups, we found the tendency that students who spent more than 30 minutes trying to resolve cognitive conflict altered their preconceptions into scientific concepts more easily than the others did. According to the results of this study, instant resolution of cognitive conflict is more effective on scientific conceptual change than delayed resolution of cognitive conflict.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 1990.11a
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 1990

읽기시간과 재인기억을 통하여 스크립트에 부합되지 않는 정보가 어떻게 처리되는지 알아보았다. 실험 1에서는 문장을 읽고 문장 재인검사틀 하였다. 스크립트 비부합 문장의 읽기시간은 길고 재인 반응시간은 빨랐다. 실험 2, 3은 스크립트에 부합하지 않는 정보가 기억이 잘되는데, 그 이유가 노력의 결과로 다른 정보와 통합되었기 때문인지 아니면 비부합정보가 두드러졌기 때문인지 알아보려고 설계되었다. 실험 2에서는 명제쌍을 만들어 즉시 재인기억을 하였고, 실험 3에서는 피험자가 비부합정보를 충분하게 처리할 수 있도록 자기 속도(self-paced)로 읽고 명제쌍으로 지연재인검사를 했다. 비스크립트 정보와 전형적인 명제로 된 명제쌍이 전형적인 명제쌍보다 반응시간이 길었다. 이 결과는 스크립트 비부합정보는 자체로는 기억이 잘되나 다른 정보와 통합은 되지 않은 것으로 해석되었다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.02a
• /
• pp.763-768
• /
• 2009

사용자 중심의 인터페이스를 설계하기 위해서는 작업 환경에 따른 사용자의 작업 특성 및 이와 관련된 인지 과정에 대한 분석이 선행되어야 한다. 하지만 손가락을 직접 사용하는 새로운 작업 환경인 터치스크린을 적용하는 다수의 기기들은 바뀐 작업 환경에 대한 고려 없이 마우스나 키보드 등의 입력 방식에서의 메뉴 구조를 그대로 따르고 있어 사용자에게 불필요한 움직임 및 인지적 과정을 야기시켜 사용성의 저하를 가져오고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 터치스크린에서의 한 손가락 작업 환경의 물리적 특성 및 이에 따른 사용자들의 보다 단순한 인지 과정을 고려한 동적인 메뉴 구조를 제안하였다. 그 결과 사용자들은 동적인 메뉴구조에서 보다 빠른 작업 수행 경향을 보였으며, 인지적 과정에 있어서도 그 시간이 적게 소요되는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구 결과, 터치스크린 환경에서의 작업 특성 및 인지 과정을 고려한 동적인 메뉴 구조는 정적인 메뉴 구조보다 일반적인 사용자 중심의 메뉴 기반 인터페이스를 설계하는데 유용하게 쓰일 것으로 보인다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we present a method to estimate an accurate real-time sound source direction based on time delay of arrival by using generalized cross correlation with four cross-type microphones. In general, existing systems have two disadvantages such as system embedding limitation due to the necessity of data acquisition for signal processing from microphone input, and real-time processing difficulty because of the increased number of channels for sound direction estimation using DSP processors. To cope with these disadvantages, the system considered in this paper proposes hardware design for enhanced real-time processing using microphone array signal processing. An accurate direction estimation and its design time reduction is achieved by means of an efficient hardware design using spatial segmentation methods and verification techniques. Finally we develop a system which can be used for embedded systems using a sound codec and an FPGA chip. According to experimental results, the system gives much faster real-time processing time compared with either PC-based systems or the case with DSP processors.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2013

The activity of an antimicrobial peptide, protegrin-1, on the well-aligned lipid bilayer deposited on a thin coverglass plate was investigated by $^2H$ solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Orientational distribution and molecular motion in the lipid bilayer were determined from $^2H$ solid-state NMR spectrum. Reorientational motion of lipid molecules in the vacuum-dried state was found to be small but their orientational distribution was not able to be determined. As storage times were longer, the order of the alignment of lipid molecules in the lipid bilayer and percentages involved in the toroidal pore structures increased. We found that much longer time is required to get the equilibrium state of the peptide-lipid mixture under our experimental condition for investigating the action of the antimicrobial peptide like protegrin-1 on the lipid bilayers deposited on the thin coverglass plates.