• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.535-563
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• 2012

This study was conducted to confirm the necessity of analogical thinking and to empirically verify the effectiveness of analogical reasoning through the visual representation by analyzing the factors of problem solving depending on analogical conditions. Four conditions (a visual representation mapping condition, a conceptual mapping condition, a retrieval hint condition and no hint condition) were set up for the above purpose and 80 twelfth-grade students from C high-School in Cheong-Ju, Chung-Buk participated in the present study as subjects. They solved the same mathematical problem about sequence of complex numbers in their differed process requirements for analogical transfer. The problem solving rates for each condition were analyzed by Chi-square analysis using SPSS 12.0 program. The results of this study indicate that retrieval of base knowledge is restricted when participants do not use analogy intentionally in problem solving and the mapping of the base and target concepts through the visual representation would be closely related to successful analogical transfer. As the results of this study offer, analogical thinking is necessary while solving mathematical problems and it supports empirically the conclusion that recognition of the relational similarity between base and target concepts by the aid of visual representation is closely associated with successful problem solving.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.19-33
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• 1997

Icon is a small graphic which represents a particular function in computer interface. Comprehension and learning of icons are needed for using them because they represent some meanings. This study was conducted to examine which were more important factors in using icons. First, representational characteristics of icons were examined. Second, using a eyetracker, the way of coding of redundant display was examined which removed obscurity of display and gave more meaning to a user. Icons using attribute of object and direct discription of action were more efficient than icons of other representational form in comprehension. Redundant display was proved to have some advantages, especially when the icons had low familarity. Visual information processing of icons were discussed according to familarity and learning.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2022

The 2015 revised science curriculum textbook of 6th graders describes 'day and night' as an astronomical phenomenon observed on a daily basis. Textbooks use only visual materials from a space-based perspective to explain the causes of day and night. This study aims to investigate what changes in spatial representations of 5th graders when additional visual materials of the Earth-based perspective were presented to them. It also shows that the Space and the Earth-based perspectives appear to be interconnected. The following are found in this study. First, when students were presented with a visual material of an Earth-based perspective, their spatial representations of both the Earth and the Space-based perspectives changed. Second, the visual material of an Earth-based perspective confirmed the possibility that students' spatial representation types could be different in many ways. Third, the effect on the spatial representation of each perspective is different depending on gender and the level of spatial representation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.71-87
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to explore 8th-grade students' imageries of the Earth. We analyzed the middle school students' imageries about the Earth represented with words and drawings in Earth Systems Understanding (ESU, hereafter) framework. The students' imageries about 'the Earth' are vary by their experiences and prior-knowledge, which significantly impacts their imagery construction. Especially, the students' ESU were characterized into two aspects: One is a macroscopic view point based on full-objects of the Earth by indirect experiences and the other is everyday view point based on scene of the Earth surface and environment by direct experiences. Results revealed students' imageries about the Earth were impacted by visual experiences and those students' ESU were more represented by drawing as visual imagery than by words, formal language. The negative imageries were mainly represented through interactions of the Earth subsystems.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.215-216
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• 2015

연구의 목적은 이러닝 학습환경에서 학습자들의 학습 참여를 촉진할 수 있는 시각적 스캐폴딩을 개발하고 그것이 학습참여, 개별학습, 팀프로젝트학습에 미치는 교육적 효과를 분석하고자 한다. 시각적 스캐폴딩에는 개별 참여도, 팀 참여도, 팀활동에 대한 개인 기여도, 팀간 상호작용 정도가 표상되도록 설계하였다. 시각적 스캐폴딩의 교육적 효과는 실험연구를 통해 분석되었다. 연구결과 이 연구를 통해 개발된 시각적 스캐폴딩은 학습참여도 및 학습성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.549-562
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• 2002

저학년 학생에게도 적절한 표상이 제공되기만 하면 고등 지식을 수용할 수 있다는 사실은 브루너(J.S. Bruner)의 EIS 이론에 의하여 뒷받침 될 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 구체적인 조작이나 시각적인 표상이 제공되어야 한다. 그러나, 실물로써 교구를 제시하는 것은 현실적으로 많은 제약이 따르므로 그 대안으로 컴퓨터 환경에서 제공되는 조작 도구들을 고려해 볼 수 있다. 인터넷 환경은 접근에 있어 용이하며 별도의 비용이 필요 없고 업데이트가 용이하다는 장점을 가지고 있으므로 교구로써의 장점을 갖고 있다. 이에 따라 인터넷 상의 조작 도구를 통한 수학교육 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2024

This study investigates the characteristics of visual working memory (VWM) representations by examining two theoretical models: the integrated-object and the parallel-independent feature storage models. Experiment I involved a change detection task where participants memorized arrays of either orientation bars, colored squares, or both. In the one-feature condition, the memory array consisted of one feature (either orientations or colors), whereas the two-feature condition included both. We found no differences in change detection performance between the conditions, favoring the integrated object model over the parallel-independent feature storage model. Experiment II employed a recall task with memory arrays of isosceles triangles' orientations, colored squares, or both, and one-feature and two-feature conditions were compared for their recall performance. We found again no clear difference in recall accuracy between the conditions, but the results of analyses for memory precision and guessing responses indicated the weak object model over the strong object model. For ongoing debates surrounding VWM's representational characteristics, these findings highlight the dominance of the integrated object model over the parallel independent feature storage model.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.453-481
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• 2015

The presnt study reviewed two contrasting models, fixed-resolution slot versus flexible-resource hypotheses, for the representational characteristics of visual working memory (VWM), and emphasized the necessary efforts for resolving their conflicting arguments. To accomplish this goal, the review explored the background hypotheses of the object-based versus parallel independent storage models, and introduced theoretical bases for their contrasting claims. The review then evaluated validity of empirical evidence provided in the studies to support each model, and attempted an understanding of their neurophysiological background. The study further emphasized the necessity of theoretical and methodological reconsiderations to resolve their conflict as well as the necessity of obtaining converging pieces of evidence to accomplish the resolution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.141-144
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 한국어 음성어휘의 표상이 음성정보로 이루어져 있는지 아니면 철자정보로 이루어져 있는지와, 음성어휘의 표상단위가 음절인지를 조사하였다. 연구 과제로는 형태점화기법(form priming technique)을 사용하였다. 점화 자극과 목표 자극간의 관련성 수준으로는 음운적 혹은 철자적인 것을 사용하였다. 점화 자극과 목표자극간의 간격은 50msec 이었다. 따라서 SOA 각 점화자극의 제시시간에 50msec를 합한 것이다. 연구 결과는 음운적으로 관련되어 있을 때에는 무관련 조건에 비해 느려지는 방해점화(inhibitory priming)가 나타났고 철자적으로 관련되어 있는 경우에는 촉진적점화(facilitatory priming)가 나타났다. 이런 연구 결과는 시각단어 재인 연구에서도 보이는 공통적인 현상으로 음성어휘와 시각어휘가 심성어휘표상에서는 동일한 형태를 지니고 있음을 암시한다. 또한 음운적 관련성에 의한 방해점화효과는 음운음절을 공유하고 있는 어휘 후보자간의 경쟁 때문에 나타난 것으로 해석되며, 철자관련 촉진효과는 어휘접근 전에 일어나는 과정에서 나타나는 것으로 해석된다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.178-180
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• 2007

본 논문은 인간의 언어정보처리 과정 중 시각단어재인(visual word recognition) 과정에서 음운정보와 철자정보의 역할 및 심성어휘집의 표상 형태를 알아보기 위해, 계산주의적 모델을 제안하고, 제안된 모델을 이용하여 실험하였다. 실험결과 계산주의적 모텔은 한국어에 대한 시각 단어재인 시 보이는 언어현상 중 음운, 철자 이웃 크기효과(phonological and orthographic neighborhood effect)를 나타냈으며, 이를 통해 한국어 시각단어재인 과정에서 심성어휘집이 음운정보로 표상되어 있다는 것을 시사하는 증거를 보였다.