• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2001

Until now, though most of the studies related to demand estimation method using traffic counts use methods based on singleclass, travel demands or flows are made by mixing various vehicles in real networks. In general, existing demand estimation methods based on traffic counts estimate O/D by converting a multiclass O/D matrix and traffic counts into a singleclass O/D matrix and traffic counts through PCE conversion, and analyze a O/D matrix by dividing into a multiclass O/D matrix and traffic counts after multiplying an estimated O/D matrix by the fixed ratio of a singleclass O/D matrix and traffic counts before PCE conversion. However, the merits of a demand estimation method based on multiclass calculate each route choice ratio about multiclass O/D, and maximize the estimation capability of multiclass by calculating each gradient, the reduction direction of objective function. Therefore, this study aims to establish a demand estimation method which considers congestion between vehicle and vehicle by using multiclass instead of singleclass.

• 도로교통
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• s.97
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• pp.14-27
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• 2004

도로에 있어 교통량이 일정한 수준을 초과하여 증가되는 경우 통행시간과 운행비용이 과도하게 증대되는 혼잡현상이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 혼잡은 경제적 관점에서 추가분의 통행자가 기존 이용자의 통행비용을 증가시키는 유형으로 해석되고 있고, 이에 대한 대응으로 많이 사용되어 왔던 방법이 개별 통행자에게 다른 이용자들의 통행비용 증가분에 상응하는 요금을 혼잡통행료로서 부과하는 방법이다. 이와 같은 혼잡통행료는 국내의 경우 도심부로 진입하는 특정 도로에 국한하여 시행되는 것을 일반적인 것으로 인식하고 시행해왔으나(서울시 남산1, 3호 터널) 국외의 경우에는 환경보호 및 수요조절 측면에서 고속도로까지 확대 시행하고 있는 사례를 찾아볼 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내의 고속도로 요금체계 현황에서 혼잡 통행료의 도입방안 및 가능성을 검토하고자 한다. 고속도로의 현행 통행료 부과 방법 및 제도를 고려할 때 통행요금에 혼잡통행료를 도입할 경우 1)시간대별 차등요금제, 2)폐쇄식 및 개방식 구간에서의 차등요금제, 3)노선별, 구간별 차등요금제, 4)요일별, 계절별 차등요금제를 고려할 수 있다. 현재의 고속도로에서 혼잡통행료를 도입할 경우 현행 이부요금제의 주행요금에 혼잡통행료 개념을 도입하는 것이 타당할 것으로 검토된다. 시간대별 차등요금제는 그 시간대를 주간(06시~24시)과 야간(24시~06시)으로 구분함이 타당할 것으로 판단되고 폐쇄식 구간의 경우 혼잡도를 고려한 주행요금을 이용거리에 비례하여 부과하며 개방식 구간의 경우 최단 이용거리를 기준으로 혼잡도를 고려한 주행요금을 부과하는 것이 타당할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 혼잡도를 고려한 주행요금을 부과하는데 있어 노선별, 구간별 차등을 두는 것이 바람직할 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 요일별 차등요금제는 주 5일 근무제가 확산됨에 따라 증가하는 비업무 승용차의 통행에 의해 고속도로의 비효율적인 운영이 발생할 경우를 제외하고는 적용하지 않는 것이 타당할 것으로 검토된다.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.94-104
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• 2016

In this study, factor and cluster analysis are used to classify characteristics of the administrative basic unit, "Dong", of the Incheon Metropolitan City. Travel characteristics of the classified groups are then analyzed through databases to provide directions of urban transportation planning. First, industrially developed administrative-dong show a high commuting volume by using cars. Thus the analysis indicated the need to staggering work-hour system and signal operating system policy. Second, commercially developed administrative-dong show heavy use of public transportation and long distance commute as well as high volume of shoppers. The analysis indicated the need to improve road infrastructure. Third, densely populated administrative-dong show a high rate of commute to work and school as well as long hours of commuting. Thus the analysis indicated the need to improve road transportation policies during rush hours. Fourth, administrative-dong with multiple characteristics feature heavy pedestrian traffic thus the study analyzed the need to improve pedestrian environment policies. Lastly, administrative-dong in close proximity to train stations feature extensive use of biking as well as high volume of shoppers and students commuting. Thus the study analyzed the necessity to have plans to enhance accessibility.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.7-15
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• 2011

The travel time value is important factor for the evaluation of feasibility the transportation facility investment. The existing method for calculation of the travel time for each mode uses daily average trip purpose. So the value of travel time is constant because it is estimated with only daily average proportion. This daily constant time value can distort the results of future demands of toll roads or economic appraisals for the projects. The proportion of the trip purpose varies by time periods. Accordingly the value of travel time also varies by time periods. In this study, times periods are classified as morning peak, evening peak, business time off-peak, and non-business time off-peak. And trip purpose proportions are sorted by each time period from raw data of Seoul household trip study, then the value of travel time for each time period is estimated with these sorted purpose proportions. A case study of Seoul Jung-gu and Yongsan-gu performed with newly estimated time value by time periods. The result of benefit calculation with the daily constant time value is overestimated approximately annual 2.5 billion Won compared by time values by time periods. The demands of toll roads are also overestimated with the existing daily constant time value by daily 3,500 vehicles and total revenue of toll roads are overestimated by annually 1 billion Won. In conclusion, the value of travel time by each time period enables the more precise economic evaluation of the transportation facility investment projects, mode choice behavior, and route choice behavior especially for toll roads.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.357-367
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• 2015

This study aims to propose integrated management strategies based on the relationship between co-benefits and total benefits of greenhouse gases and air pollutant emissions for establishing a transport and environmental policy. The results show that the integrated management of the following policies: 'Car Free Day' and 'Early Scrapping of Decrepit Diesel Vehicle', which are used for reducing reduce gasoline and diesel, can together reduce both PM and $CO_2$ emissions and increase total benefits. In addition, the integrated management of 'Car Free Day' with environment policies and 'Congestion Charge' with environment policies simultaneously controls the three factors which influence emissions, including travel volume, travel speed and emissions factor, and was found to be effective in terms of co-benefits. This study reduces both air pollutants, which are harmful to health, and greenhouse gas emissions, which influence climate change, and improves the efficiency of policy through the integrated management of policies.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.26 no.6_spc
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• pp.729-735
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• 2016

According to the survey for working environment of the cashiers in highway tollbooths, workers replied that noise was the most harmful substances next to air pollutant in the tollbooth. Researches on the noise levels exposed to cashiers in the highway tollbooth scarcely have been performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to acquire baseline data to prevent health impairments of the cashiers by evaluating noise level exposed to them. Noise dosimeters were used for monitoring workers' noise exposure level in the tollbooths at 8 different highway tollgates. The noise levels of tollbooths did not exceed noise exposure limit of the ministry of labor, 90 dB(A). The average TWA inside of the tollbooths was 55.4 dB(A) and the average TWA outside of tollbooths was 58.3 dB(A). The average TWA outside of tollbooths was slightly higher than that of inside of tollbooths. However, the significance probability(p-value) was 0.255 which means statistically not significant. The noise levels inside and outside of tollbooth were statistically significant to both mean traffic volume per day and traffic volume of passenger car.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4D
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• pp.469-476
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• 2008

Recently, TOD gains popularity as a traffic solution measure of high density urban regeneration projects. The purpose of this study is to investigate traffic impacts of high density TOD projects, and to identify the issues to be resolved. For a case study, it chooses Gangnamgucheong station in Gangnam area served by two subway lines, and designates 400m radius from the station as a site for high-density development. The MOEs chosen for this study is traffic volume, time, distance, speed, and mode share. The SECOM model is adopted for traffic simulation. The analysis results show that high-density TOD is an effective tool for traffic improvement even with only one station area being implemented. It is found that the traffic volume increases near the station in nature where high-density development occurs, but it declines overall in the rest of Gangam area. The total travel time and distance of passenger vehicles decline, meaning that the traffic condition becomes better than before. With regulation on parking supply, the improvement becomes more vivid. In terms of the changes of traffic speed, both alternatives show 4.1% increase in speed, but the difference between alternatives is not quite noticeable because of the induced vehicle demand driven to the streets with improved traffic condition. The mode share changes occur for the benefit of subway ridership, because the study station is equipped with two subway line services. When mixed with parking supply restriction, the impact becomes clearer.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1525-1534
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• 2014

In recent years, the passengers are likely to decide their route on impulse due to the development of the integrated public transport system, and real-time information system. Especially, public transport fare integration in Seoul Metropolitan area, 2004 makes them not to have resistance about changing the modes or routes and their route choice is most effected by the degree of congestion. Assignment model have limitations to describe route changes by congestion. In this study, the concept of a link cost function used in road assignment and Effective frequency is introduced to describe the passengers' behavior when the capacity of public transport is over and the waiting time variation. Two situations, new transit line operation and accident, are set up to validate the model, as a result of the transit assignment by this model, the traffic on networks is not over the capacity. It is expected that this study will be of help to reflect the various behaviors in transit assignments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.510-522
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• 2016

In studies involving public transport, social welfare improvement is simply explained by the increase in public transport demand. However, the increase in the demand for public transport is mostly observed by the change in the frequency of public transport service, and in-vehicle crowding in public transport has not been an object of concern. This study examines and tries to reveal the cause of the changes of the social welfare and in-vehicle crowding of the changing public transport from imposing congestion pricing. We observe that congestion pricing increases in-vehicle crowding in public transport. This predictable phenomenon is more exacerbated in case of not operating bus-only lane. It should be noted that in-vehicle crowding is more increased in suburban, but in First-best toll system it tends to get worse less than it in other congestion pricing systems. We identify that the change of in-vehicle crowding is affected by the change of proximity of the housing to workplace, the number of commuting trips, and unpredictable distortion effect of the congestion charge.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2009

This study is aimed at identifying the association of commuting behavior with health for workers in the Korea Capital Region. The study surveyed a total of 1,285 commuters whose major work is deskwork-oriented; the authors obtained their health status on body form, blood pressure and cholesterol as well as their commuting behavior. The measures of the latter were comprised of a main commuting mode, a use term, out-of-vehicle time, total travel time, transit transfer, and alternative mode in order to identify the amount of physical activity obtained through commuting behavior. The results indicate that non-automobile commuters are positively associated to improve their health status, as compared to car commuters. Specifically, bus commuters and walkers had decreased weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol, while rail commuters are only correlated to relieving cholesterol. In addition, the measures for health are improved as out-of-vehicle time increases. For commuters who drive to work, their health status tends to be worse.