• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2020

The increase in the area of impervious water due to the recent abnormal weather conditions and rapid urbanization led to a decrease in the amount of low current, resulting in an increase in the amount of surface runoff. Increased surface runoff is causing erosion, destruction of underwater ecosystems, human and property damage in urban areas due to flooding of urban river. The damage has been increasing in Korea recently due to localized heavy rains, typhoons and floods. As a countermeasure, the Busan Metropolitan Government will proceed with the creation of the Eco-Delta City waterfront zone in Busan with the aim of creating a future-oriented waterfront city from 2012 to 2023. Therefore, the current urban river conditions and precipitation data were collected by utilizing SWMM developed by the Environment Protection Agency, and the target basin was selected to simulate flood damage. Measures to reduce flood damage in various cases were proposed using simulated data. It is a method to establish a disaster prevention plan for each case by establishing scenario for measures to reduce flood damage. Considering structural and non-structural measures by performing an analysis of the drainage door with a 30-year frequency of 80 minutes duration, the expansion effect of the drainage pump station is considered to be greater than that of the expansion of the drainage door, and 8 scenarios and corresponding alternatives were planned in combination with the pre-excluding method, which is a non-structural disaster prevention measure. As a result of the evaluation of each alternative, it was determined that 100㎥/s of the pump station expansion and the pre-excluding EL.(-)1.5m were the best alternatives.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 2012

Stormwater runoff affects the quality of surface water and groundwater due to the nonpoint sources (NPSs) of pollutants that it carries during storm events. Typically, urbanized areas experience high pollutant mass emission because of paved roads and other areas which are all highly impervious. For this reason, proper identification of the levels of pollutants from the watershed area is important to pass the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea's water quality standards in rivers and streams. This research was conducted in order to determine and quantify the different constituents present in stormwater runoff generated from highly impervious areas in Cheonan City, Korea. Also, the average event mean concentration (EMC) of stormwater runoff from paved areas was compared with EMCs of other countries to determine the possible causes of its occurrence. In addition, the occurrence of first flush phenomenon was studied in order to find the first flush criteria to be used on the design of best management practices. The results show the pollutant concentration of stormwater runoff was higher than other countries due its landuse and relatively small size of catchment area. During the first 30 minutes of the rainfall events, occurrence of first flush phenomenon was highly evident. Several factors affected the pollutant concentrations in the stormwater such as landuse type, geographic and topographic characteristics,catchment area and amount of rainfall. This research can provide guidance in achieving an effective NPS pollution management applicable to highly urbanized areas in the future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.169-180
• /
• 2012

Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae, endangered plants to grade II designated by the Ministry of Environment Korea, is only distributed in Gyeongsangbukdo, Chungcheongnamdo in Korea. In order to know the effects of elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature on ecological responses of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae, this study was carried out in the control(ambient $CO_2$ + ambient temperature) and treatment(elevated $CO_2$ + elevated temperature) at glasshouse. As a result, germination rate of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae was higher in control than in treatment. Period of alive leaf was longer in control than in treatment. Period of blooming and seed maturity was faster in control than in treatment. Shoot and root weight were heavier in control than in treatment. No. of inflorescence per plant and seed per inflorescence was higher in control than in treatment. Weight of inflorescence per plant, seed per inflorescence and one seed was heavier in control than in treatment. These results indicate that ecological responses of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae may be more negatively affected by elevated $CO_2$ and temperature except for phenological responses of that may be delayed under future global warming situation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.211-221
• /
• 2012

The ascidian Styela clava has been one of the favorite seafood in Korea. Suspended culture of Styela clava was initiated in 2001 and the annual production reached 15,084 M/T, but declined to 2,655 M/T in 2011. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to estimate the material balance according to the farm-environment. Vertical particulate fluxes and release fluxes were estimated at 2 stations, an ascidian farm (AF) and a non-cultivated area (control) in Jindong Bay. An in-situ benthic chamber(BelcI) was used in summer and winter season. The sedimentation fluxes of organic carbon were 72 mmol C $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, 93 mmol C $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, 34 mmol C $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$ in Jul. AF, Feb. AF, Feb. control. The organic carbon oxidation rates were 13 mmol C $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, 81 mmol C $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, 31 mmol C $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, in each. The release fluxes of nutrients followed the general pattern, well. Consequently, the ratio of the organic carbon burial fluxes were 20:4:1, in each. By the estimation of the carbon circulation, it could be a scientific basis to analyze the reason of production decline for cultivated organism.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.443-452
• /
• 2014

Feces contain nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphate, potassium and research of the impact on the environment from feces is very diverse. However, despite the importance of mammals to environment, studies of mammals into the terrestrial ecosystems are rare. Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis) is an endemic species of Korea and China, and we conducted on factor of plant growth in relation to feces of Korean water deer depending on land use patterns. The analysis of growth, biomass and C/N ratio of Zea mays, amount of feces and land use patterns are strongly affecting the C/N ratio and growth of the Zea mays. The quantity of the feces also influences the growth of plants instead of the land use patterns. Furthermore, the feces of Korean water deer have a lower C/N ratio than that of other animals' feces. Being the process of composting, it is able to serve a suitable fertilizer for a crop growth. In this study, we investigated the impact of feces into the environment in the terrestrial ecosystems and we were able to provide the basic data to the resources of an efficient scheme of animal feces. Further research is needed to quantify the materials amongst the plant, soil and animal, and to understand the relationship ecosystem.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 2014

In national water quality policy, it changed previous regulation method that focuses on concentration of pollutants in effluent water to the way that regulates total amount of pollutants. The target of water quality in watershed of each river was set up, as the government instituted Total Maximum Daily Loads(TMDL). In order to accomplish successfully TMDL, it requires that the amount of pollutant loads discharged from point and nonpoint pollutant source should be investigated. This study, therefore, conducted the monitoring of the stormwater runoff at field region in farming area. And pollutants loads and unit loads discharged from field region results is calculated. As a result, the concentration of pollutants were calculated as follows: 10.5 BOD mg/L, 19.6 $COD_{Mn}$ mg/L, 4.5 TN mg/L and 2.4 TP mg/L. The unit load of BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, TOC, TSS, TN and TP discharged from field region, also, were determined to $31.8kg/km^2/yr$, $56.7kg/km^2/yr$, $8.5kg/km^2/yr$, $560.9kg/km^2/yr$, $8.3kg/km^2/yr$ and $5.1kg/km^2/yr$, respectively. It was identified that there were some differences of unit loads between the results obtained from this study and previous one. To calculate exact unit loads, therefore, long term monitoring should be conducted.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.359-365
• /
• 2017

Impermeable surfaces such as transportation land uses including roads and parking lots accumulate high heavy metals and particulate matters concentration especially during dry season which worsens the river water quality and distort the water circulation system during rainfall events. Recently, the government has been promoting policies to install Low Impact Development (LID) facilities such as permeable pavements or grass blocks in parking lots or pavements. However, transition of asphalt-paved surfaces to permeable pavement generated asphalt wastes which are detrimental to the environment and has cost implications due to its removal and disposal. Therefore this study was conducted to provide a method of constructing a cost-effective permeable pavement to reduce waste generation and cost. In this study, comparative analysis of the water circulation capacity and economic efficiency of the traditional construction method and new method proposed in this study through the lab-scale experiment. The proposed method was to make holes in existing asphalt pavements, layout geotextile fabric and permeable base media such as sand before compaction. After compaction, layout grass blocks on the compacted base media then layout sand in between each grass blocks before compaction. Apparently, there was no significant difference between the traditional installation method of permeable pavement and the proposed method in this study considering surface runoff, infiltrated volume, stored volume, and rainfall-runoff delay time. The proposed method in this study generated 86% less wastes compared to the traditional installation method and has 70% cost reduction considering asphalt removal and disposal. The construction method proposed in this study yielded similar performance compared to the traditional installation method and water circulation effect, but was proven to be less complicated and economical.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.355-362
• /
• 2014

Changes of soil properties due to sedimentation and erosion in the river estuary may lead changes in environmental factors that affect plant growth and distribution, Then habitats in the river estuary that provide various ecological functions can also be influenced. Topsoil samples were analyzed in order to understand the soil properties of important barrier islands and habitat types in the Nakdong river estuary. The samples were obtained from Phragmites communis and Scirpus planiculmis habitats, the tidal flats in the southern area of Eulsukdo, and in Mangeummerydeung, Baekhapdeung, and Doyodeung. Analyses results showed that bulk density, pH, organic matter content and total nitrogen concentration which were directly or indirectly affected by vegetation showed significant difference (p<0.05) with habitat types but no differences in water content and oxidation reduction potential which could be affected by soil texture and showed significant difference among barrier islands. Results suggested that soil properties on barrier islands in the Nakdong river estuary were influenced first by geomorphic changes due to sedimentation and erosion, and then by the presence or type of vegetation. A range of physical and chemical properties were analyzed; soil water content and bulk density (physical properties), and organic content and pH (chemical properties) were correlated with seven other soil properties, at a level of significance higher than 90%. These aspects played an important role in determining overall soil properties in the studied area.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.337-346
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the terrestrial diurnal insects in the Donggang river neighborhood. A total of 455 species belonging to 117 families of 16 orders were identified from 3,001 collected terrestrial insects around the Donggang river. Species richness showed as follows; Coleoptera (166 species, 34.48%), Hemiptera (11 species, 24.0%), Lepidoptera (68 species, 14.95%), Diptera (40 species, 8.79%), Hymenoptera (28 species, 6.15%), Orthoptera (18 species, 3.96%), Odonata (7 species, 1.54%), and others (3.74%). The Coleoptera consisted of the most number of individuals (33.2%), followed by 951 Hemiptera (31.7%), 662 Lepidoptera (20.7%), 155 Orthoptera (5.2%), 100 Diptera (3.3%), 87 Hymenoptera (2.9%), 30 Odonata (1.0%) and others (2.0%). Among them, 1 endangered species of Ministry of Environment, 1 Critically Endangered Korean species, 7 Vulnerable Korean species (VU), and also 2 Near Threatened Korean species were surveyed in the Donggang river neighborhood.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.423-429
• /
• 2014

Due to high imperviousness rates of the roads, various pollutants originated from vehicle activities and air depositions are accumulated on the road surfaces. The washed-off pollutants can deteriorate the water quality and destroy the aqua-ecosystems with their toxicity. Usually the roads are paved with asphalt and concrete, which can affect on the pollutant concentrations with different frictional forces. Therefore, this research is performed to evaluate the influences of different pavement type on discharged concentrations of pollutant. The results shows the first flush phenomenon was occurred on both pavement types. However, peak concentrations are higher in concrete pavement areas than asphalt pavement because concrete pavement has high contact area with vehicles. The EMCs(Event Mean Concentration) also shows high values in concrete paved roads. As a result of this research, it can be concluded the pavement type is also one of the important affecting factors on pollutant emissions from the roads.