• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.498-511
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• 2012

Mountainous wetland have many species such as II grade endangered species of wild flora and fauna(Drosera rotundifolia) and environmental indicator species(Utricularia racemosa, Habenaria linearifolia, Parnassia palustris, Molinia japonica, etc.). Accordingly, the mountainous wetlands is very important. However, most mountainous wetlands will disappear by natural or artificial aridness processes. Thus, it needs to manage mountainous wetland for protecting from aridness. This study has found out the wetland status of the environmental ecology and aridness processes moreover, it has suggested ways of improving wetland conservation plan and wetland aridness management plan. According to the results of topography structure survey, Hwaeom wetland's altitude is ranged within 750~810m(87.4%), and slope is less than $10^{\circ}$. There was ideally suited mountainous wetland. However, the water supply(1.6 meters depth and 0.8 meters wide) was built on under the wetland. For that reason, there was concerned about the aridness processes by sweeping away peat layer and dropping the water level. The distribution area of hygrophyte was narrowed to 6.7% whereas, woody plants and xerophytic plants was achieved a dominant position. If it leaves the situation as it is, the mountainous wetland will be developed next succession as forest ecosystem. Therefore, in order to sustain the mountainous wetland from aridness, it is set to the base direction of conservation and management as main schemes. Moreover, we have suggested that setting the vegetation conservation and management area which considering a ecological vegetation characteristics, managing the ecotone vegetation, setting the buffer zone for protection of ecological core areas, protecting the mountainous wetland indicator species and designating the management vegetation. In conclusion, in order to sustain and maintain a soundly wetland ecosystem, it needs to several management of wetlands damage factors. 1) suppression of the excessive groundwater to basin, 2) stabilization of wetland via hydrologic storage, 3) suppression of changing and transforming wetland into forest by succession via management of xerophytic plants.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.257-266
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• 2019

In this study, we selected 6 vegetation sites (reed community) and 6 non-vegetation sites (tidal flat) in the Muan tidal flat of Hampyeong Bay, and observed seasonal changes in carbon dioxide concentration, flux and soil temperature at low tide conditions. The study was conducted to identify the characteristics of seasonal changes in vegetation and non-vegetation areas through the data observed in May 30, August 8, 2012 and January 31, 2013. The average carbon dioxide concentration in the vegetation area was the highest in winter, followed by spring and summer, and the non-vegetation area showed the same concentration change as the vegetation area. The carbon dioxide flux in the vegetation area showed a positive (+) value in both spring and summer, but it was negative (-) in the winter. The average value of carbon dioxide flux was the highest in spring, but it was almost similar to summer, and winter was the lowest negative value. Non-vegetation areas showed positive emission in spring, and negative uptake in summer and winter; mean values were the highest in spring, and the difference between summer and winter was small. In summary of seasonal change characteristics of the research area, the emission of carbon dioxide was dominant in both areas in spring. In summer, carbon dioxide emission was dominant in the vegetation area, and the non-vegetation area was observed to uptake by photosynthesis of phytoplankton, but it was very small. In winter, changes in flux in both areas were very slight.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2011

To classify the relationship between riparian vegetation type and bird habitat, we studied the vegetation and avian species in the three streams(Anyang Stream, Gap Stream, Seom River), located in middle province. Five different vegetation types - Woodland type, Shrub type, Tall and wet grassland type, Low and dry grassland type and Cropland - were identified. The habitats of avian species were highly correlated with vegetation type. Streptopelia orientalis and Hypsipetes amaurotis were found in woodland. Both Paradoxornis webbiana and Phoenicurus auroreus were mainly found in shrub. Tall and wet grassland were preference habitats of Ixobrychus sinensis, Acrocephalus arundinaceus, while, low and dry grassland were occupied by Phasianus colchicus, Falco tinnunculus. Cropland were used as breeding and feeding sites for Egretta alba modesta, Anas poecilorhyncha, Anthus spinoletta. Distribution patterns of avian species were clearly divided by vegetation type and site characteristics in the stream.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.275-285
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• 2020

In this study, after estimating VCI (Vegation Condition Index), TCI (Thermal Condition Index) and VHI (Vegetation Health Index) from the NDVI (Normalized Differentiation Vegetation Index) and LST (Land Surface Temperature) remotely sensed at major sites in Korea during the 2001-1919 period, the correlation between these indices and various drought indices is analyzed for the purpose of assessing the effects of ecological drought. The relative impact of VCI and TCI on vegetation health was found to vary by region. The effects of drought on vegetation in Korea's forest areas could be more clearly identified in TCI than in VCI. It is suggested that the revised VHI, reflecting the relative influence of VCI and TCI, can better explain the effects of drought on vegetation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-89
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the hydraulic stability of the vegetation mat method on high water revetment. Recently, the river is managed not only for the flood control also for the environmental friendliness. For improving the environmental function of the river, the ecological river restoration projects are being performed. To ensure the stability of flood control, instead of removal of concrete revetment, the vegetation mat method has been widely used on the recovery soil. However, the recovery soil method often failed to be stable against the flood, which has caused the economic loss. In this study, the rate of soil loss is evaluated by the hydraulic experiments. Also, the velocity distribution on high water revetment is analyzed by both the hydraulic and numerical experiments.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.129-144
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• 2010

We have studied the changes of the environmental and vegetational factors according to the hydro-seral stages in the shoreline of the lagoons, Korea. We have divided seral stages into 7 stages from open water stage to the stratified forest stage considering as the characteristics of water body, dominance of submerged and emergent plant, and development of the shrub, subtree and tree layer. According to the successional stage, water depth gradually decreased and water quality changed from seawater to brackish water and from brackish water to fresh water, organic matter in a soil layer gradually increased, and the litter layer grew up. As the development of the vegetation structure, the life-form of the vascular plants changed as follows; open water ${\rightarrow}$ submerged plant and floating-leaved plant ${\rightarrow}$ emergent plant and submerged plant ${\rightarrow}$ emergent plant ${\rightarrow}$ emergent plant, mesophyte and scrub ${\rightarrow}$ mesophyte. In the late seral stage, the 3 different forest types were established by the water retention or drainage and nutrient accumulation of the soil layer. Salix dominant forest developed in the wetted sites, the forest type dominated by Pinus thunbergii, Carex pumila and mesophytes developed in the well drained sites causing by sand substrate, and the forest type dominated by the planted or ruderals such as Pinus densiflora, Robinia psedo-acacia, Festuca ovina, Setaria viridis ect. developed in the sites composed of forest soil introduced by artificial reclamation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2023-2027
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• 2009

본 연구는 현재와 과거의 하도 지형자료 분석을 통하여 만경강에서 나타나는 폐천(Abandoned channel)을 파악하고, 유형을 폐쇄형, 개방형, 육화형 폐천으로 구분하여 각각의 본류구간과 함께 식물상 및 식생분포 특성을 비교하였다. 만경강의 경우 1918년 하도 형태가 경지정리 및 치수사업에 따른 제방축조 등 인위적인 절단(Engineered cutoff)으로 8개소 이상의 구간에서 하도 선형이 크게 변경됨으로써 폐천이 형성되는 것으로 나타났다. 현재 폐천부지는 육화형태의 농지 이용 및 개방형 또는 폐쇄형의 습지로 유지되는 것으로 조사되었다. 폐천 유형에 따라 나타난 식물상은 폐쇄형 56종류, 개방형 31종류로 조사되었다. 육화형의 본류의 경우 보에 의한 영향으로 달뿌리풀 (Phragmites japonica)과 저수로 검정말(Hydrilla verticillata) 등의 수생식물이 우점하는 정체수역이 나타났다. 개방형 폐천은 갈수기에도 수심이 깊은 수역이 확보되어 본류에 비하여 출현종수가 높았다. 폐쇄형 폐천은 연꽃(Nelumbo nucifera), 애기부들(Typha angustifolia) 등의 다양한 수생식물이 출현하여 본류에 비해 안정된 습지 생태계를 유지하였다. 만경강의 개방형과 폐쇄형 폐천은 수생식물의 증가와 전형적인 습지생태계를 유지하고 있었으며 본류의 정체수역이 관찰되었다. 본래 하천의 연속성을 향상하기 위한 유수생태계의 복원은 하천의 건강성을 향상하기 위한 방안이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.281-293
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• 2018

Wetlands of Dongbaekdongsan were classified into two types of pond and vernal pool. 11 plant communities are established there such as Nymphoides indica community, Sparganium stoloniferum Community, Persicaria hastato-auriculata community, Scirpus triangulatus community, Triadenum japonica community, Juncus papillosus community, Deinostema violacea community, Centipeda minima community, Apocynum sibiricum community, Isachne globosa community, and Ulmus parvifolia community. Nymphoides indica community is established in a pond located on the entrance of the Dongbaekdongsan and Persicaria hastatoauriculata community appears on edge of the pond. Sparganium stoloniferum community is formed in nearby pond with relatively shallow water and Persicaria hastatoauriculata community is established on margin of the pond. Vernal pools had been used for drinking water source and for livestock in some cases in the past. Scirpus triangulatus community is established in the most wet site as the center of the pools and Juncus papillosus community - Deinostema violacea community - Triadenum japonica community, and Apocynum sibiricum community appear in a concentric circle pattern as far away there. Ulmus parvifolia community is established in a dry vernal pool. This is the first study on vernal pool carried out in Korea. Therefore, most vegetation types are new ones different from existing studies on wetland.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.43-54
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• 2024

Recently, most of the rivers in Korea are experiencing various problems in dimension and river environment, such as expansion of stable area where disturbance does not occur during flood, increase of excessive trees in river channel, fixation of river channel, reduction of sand bar. When the soil supplied by the flood is deposited in the river, the plant is settled in the formed terrain, and when another disturbance of the scale that does not erode there occurs after the plant is settled, the river gradually grows and the vegetation zone is formed there. In particular, in terms of river management, river forestation and river aggradation are objects that must be managed because they are disadvantageous in terms of flood control by lowering the flow rate and raising the water level. Therefore, in this study, the area of vegetation occupied by the year of sandbar was analyzed in the process of river aggradation in Jang-Hang wetland. In addition, the correlation between the growth of Jang-Hang wetland was analyzed through the analysis of the flow rate and the flooding frequency that directly affect the growth of Jang-Hang wetland. Through this, the management plan of Jang-Hang wetland, which is registered in Ramsar Wetland but has been river forestation and is undergoing river aggradation, was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.661-667
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• 2005

It was preliminarily considered that Jangdo wetland was a concave landform formed by the weathering of granite intruding Precambrian silicified metasedimentary rocks. Various granite-weathered topography was observed. The formation scenario of Jangdo wetland is as follows. By flood or slope mass movement of regolith, rock fragments were moved to form a low-relief slope landform. As a result, wetland was formed. By analyzing the slope soil and wetland sediment, we conjectured that Jangdo wetland depended on the influence of peripheral slope soil. In these concavelandform environment, the supply of water and organic materials was sustained for a long time to form a organicnondegradable wetland environment. In addition, the plants appropriate to this wetland environment were settled to thicken the wetland. This is how the present Jangdo wetland was thought to be formed.