• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.25-45
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• 2003

Sling exercise treatment(S-E-T) is a therapeutic exercise based on scientific studies for the purpose of treating musculoskeletal or neurological disorders thereby improving strength, endurance, and skills for sensory-motor integration. Exercise resistance and intensity can be modified in various ways by changing the length of rope, patient position, therapist's manual resistance, and using elastic rope. The therapist can also progress to successively higher levels of exercise resistance and intensity by changing the position of the hanging point: the subject of this article. In brief, there are three axial components in S-E-T; hanging point, motor axis, and suspension point. The hanging point can be changed in several ways in relation to the joint; axial, superior, inferior, medial, and posterior hanging points. The position of the hanging point affects the amount of load on agonist and antagonist muscles as well as on the range of motion. To create an advanced exercise program, selection of hanging point can be two-dimensional such as superior-lateral or anterior-medial. Therapists, therefore, can freely but carefully select the best hanging point based on the purpose of the exercise and their level of knowledge in S-E-T.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2010

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the effects of sling exercise therapy on the relief of low back pain and the cross-sectional area change of lumbar muscles by CT analysis for chronic low back pain patients. Methods : Forty-one patients with diagnosis of chronic low back pain was divided sling exercise therapy group(SEG) 19 subjects and conservative physical therapy group(CPG) 22 subjects. we randomized and treated them(subjects) for 12 weeks. As using visual analogue scale(VAS), we evaluated recovery accuracy of pain, and for investigating cross-section area change of lumbar muscles for before and after treatment we used computed tomography(CT). Results : This study were summarized as follows : 1) As treatment period, in each compared testing on VAS of SEG and CPG, the both group was significantly different(p<.05). 2) Compared testing on VAS of between-subject groups(SEG and CPG) were not significantly different(p>.05). 3) At SEG of before and after treatment, in compared testing on cross-section area size of lumbar muscles, All muscles of psoas major, quadratus lumborum, erector spinae and multifidus were significantly different(p<.05). At CPG, psoas major was significantly different(p<.05). But other muscles were not significantly different(p>.05). Conclusion : From this result, both sling exercise therapy and the conservative physical therapy are effect on decrease of pain for chronic low back pain patients. but Increasing of the cross-section area being proportioned with muscular strengthening of low back muscle is noticeable difference in SEG. Therefore, sling exercise therapy have affect both decreasing of pain for chronic low back pain patients and lumbar muscles strengthening.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify a more effective intervention in sling and resistance exercise for chronic low back pain patients. METHODS: Seventy (70) subjects were randomly divided into the sling group (SG) and resistance exercise group (REG). Muscular activity of the internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), rectus abdominis (RA), and pelvic rotation angle during active straight leg raise (ASLR), a pressure pain threshold (PPT) and a visual analog scale (VAS) were measured. Sling and resistance exercises were conducted for 12 weeks. Intermediate measurements were taken after 8 weeks and final measurements were taken after 12 weeks. RESULTS: Both groups showed significantly decreased RA muscle activity and significantly increased IO muscle activity (p<.05). Additionally, EO muscle activity was significantly decreased in the REG, but significantly increased in the SG (p<.05), while the pelvic rotation angle and VAS were significantly decreased in the SG (p<.05). The pressure pain threshold was significantly increased in both groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, a 12-week intervention seems to be effective at improving back pain in both groups. However, a lower VAS was seen in the sling group after 8 weeks of intervention. Therefore, it is recommended that the sling be applied first when establishing a chronic back pain treatment program to shorten the treatment period and reduce the pain period.

• 정형스포츠물리치료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2018

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cervical stabilization exercise (CSE) on hamstring flexibility in patients with neck pain. A secondary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cervical range of motion (CROM) and craniovertebral angle (CVA). Methods: This study was a single-blind, randomized, comparative trial. Twenty patients were allocated into either the cranio-cervical flexion exercise (CCFE) group or the CSE group. Before and after the intervention, we measured straight leg raise (SLR), popliteal angle (PA), CROM, and CVA in the sitting and standing positions. Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test were used to analyze our data. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in the value of SLR, PA, cervical extension, cervical rotation, and CVA in the standing position (both, p<.05) after intervention. However, only the CSE group showed significant improvements in cervical right lateral flexion (z=-2.209; p<.01) and cervical left lateral flexion (z=-2.537; p<.05) after intervention. The CSF group showed more significant improvements in SLR, PA, both cervical lateral flexions, and both cervical rotations than the CCFE group. Conclusions: The results of this study will guide future research in identifying the effectiveness of CSE. In conclusion, it can be inferred that CSE has a positive effect on SLR, PA, CROM, and CVA in the standing position in patients with chronic neck pain.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the relative muscle activity on the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and hamstring, using a non-visual feedback bridge exercise and a visual feedback bridge exercise with a tension sensor and clinometer. Methods: Twenty-two healthy subjects participated in this study. The study subjects performed bridge exercises without visual feedback, bridge exercises using a tension sensor, and bridge exercises using an inclinometer in the supine position, and the muscle activity of the left and right erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and hamstring muscles was measured while maintaining isometric contraction during the bridge movement. Muscle activity was measured by using surface an electromyography equipment. To standardize the measured action potential of each muscle, the maximum voluntary isometric contraction was measured. The bridge exercise was repeated 3 times for 5s each. Using repeated analysis of variance, we compared the significant difference in EMG activity for each muscle between the three experiments, and all statistical processing was performed using SPSS version 26. The statistical significance level was set at α = 0.05. Results: During bridging exercises, the asymmetry of the muscle activity of the erector spinae and gluteus maximus during visual feedback guiding was lower than that during no visual feedback. However, there was no significant difference. Moreover, the asymmetry of the muscle activity of the hamstring muscles was significantly lower during tension sensor visual feedback than that during no visual feedback (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that bridge exercise with visual feedback using a tension sensor and an inclinometer is effective in inducing symmetrical movement. When it is necessary to symmetrically adjust the weight load of both feet during the bridge exercise, it is effective to apply visual feedback using a tension sensor.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the sling exercise wearing a neck orthosis on the craniovertebral angle, muscle tension, and headaches in adults with a forward head posture and tension headache. METHODS: In this single-blinded, randomized, controlled, comparative study, a total of 22 adults with forward head postures and tension headaches were randomly assigned to the experimental group (sling exercise wearing a neck orthosis, n = 11) or the control group (sling exercise without a neck orthosis, n = 11). All participants undertook the sling exercise program (3×/week for 4 weeks). The craniovertebral angle, muscle tension, and headache were measured before and after the 4-week training. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in the craniovertebral angle, muscle tension, and headache in the experimental group (p < .05). This group also showed a larger decrease in the muscle tension and headache (upper trapezius, -4.97 Hz vs -1.70 Hz, p < .05; splenius capitis, -5.44 Hz vs -2.54 Hz, p < .05; headache, -19.73 score vs -14.64 score, p < .05, respectively). CONCLUSION: The sling exercise wearing a neck orthosis could be an effective way to relieve the symptoms caused by a forward head posture. It could also be a more effective way of decreasing muscle tension and headaches than the sling exercise without wearing a neck orthosis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.493-503
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• 2018

최근 국민생활 수준이 향상되면서, 많은 사람들이 건강에 관심을 갖고 발병 이전의 예방관리를 위하여 운동을 통해 셀프트레이닝을 하는 인구가 증가하고 있다. 일반적으로 근육의 언발란스는 자세의 비대칭성을 초래하고 인체의 비대칭성이 깨지게 되면 조정력, 순환작용, 내장기관의 변위 등을 동반하게 되어 각종 질병을 유발할 수 있다는 연구가 속속 나오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근 큰 관심을 받고 있는 스마트웨어 중에서 셀프트레이닝이 가능한 피트니스 웨어를 개발하고, 안드로이드 기반 어플리케이션을 통하여 시뮬레이션 함으로서 셀프트레이너 피트니스웨어 상용화 기술을 제시하고자 하였다. 셀프트레이너 피트니스웨어의 개발을 위하여 전도성 폴리머, 패션 디자인 및 봉제, 전기전자적인 기술이 융합하여 운동시 근육의 언발란스를 확인하고 스스로가 비대칭성을 교정할 수 있는 스마트웨어를 만들 수 있었다. 구체적으로는 최적 MWCNT 농도의 도출을 통한 폴리머 센서를 제작하고 도전성 섬유를 활용한 전극 신호선을 설계 및 부착하여 신호를 수집할 수 있는 최적의 위치에 전극을 부착하여 생체신호를 수집하였다. 이렇게 수집된 생체신호를 전기적 신호 변환하고 블루투스 통신을 이용하여 전달하는 Signal Module을 설계 및 제작하였으며, 소프트웨어 알고리즘을 이용한 노이즈 캔슬링과 안드로이드 기반의 셀프 트레이닝 애플리케이션을 융합하여 상용화가 가능한 셀프트레이너 피트니스 웨어의 제작방법을 제시하였다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of core motion pattern on abdominal muscle thickness on unstable support surface using sling suspension system and to provide an effective exercise program for therapeutic rehabilitation in clinical practice. Methods : In this study, we used the flank exercise using a sling. It was intended for 21 healthy men and 9 healthy women. Before and after the exercise of the subjects, abdominal muscles (EO, IO, TrA the thickness of the muscle) was determined using a diagnostic ultrasonic apparatus. The period of exercise was 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The exercise for each group started with 3 sets per week and 1 set per week was added. A description of the method and attitude of each exercise is as follows. First, the push-up flank 's exercise position is to put both feet on the sling and hold the floor with both hands. Second, the side flank's exercise postures take the side flanks, while the two legs hang on the sling and one arm supports the body with an articulated bend (about $90^{\circ}$). Third, the elbow flank's exercise position is to put the two legs on the sling, and take a flank posture with the arms bent and joint bending (about $90^{\circ}$). Results : There was a significant difference in the thickness of the muscle in the three flank movements after the exercise (p<.05). The most significant difference was in the change of the muscle thickness in the abdominal muscle, the outer muscle, and the stomach in the elbow flank exercise after exercise. There was a significant difference between the mean thickness of the abdominal muscles according to the flank type after exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : In flank exercise for core stabilization using sling, it is considered effective to strengthen the abdominal muscles by considering the support surface, difficulty level, change of movement pattern.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2019

Background: Sling exercises are frequently used for the rehabilitation process of patients with shoulder joint injuries, but research on the significant frequency intensity and appropriate treatment duration for sling exercises with local vibration stimulation is lacking. Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sling exercise with vibration on shoulder range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, pain, and dysfunction in patients with a medical diagnosis of shoulder joint injury. Methods: Twenty-two patients were randomly assigned to the experiment and control groups. Six sling exercises with and without 50 Hz vibrations were applied in the experiment and control groups, respectively. Each exercise consisted of 3 sets of 5 repetitions performed for 6 weeks. The assessment tools used included shoulder joint range of motion, muscle strength, pain level, and shoulder pain and disability index for functional disability. We conducted re-evaluations before and 3 and 6 weeks after intervention. The changes in the measurement variables were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: The ROM of the external rotation of the shoulder joint had a significant interaction between the group and the measurement point (F=3.652, p<.05). In both groups, we found a significant increase in external rotation angle between the measurement points (p<.05). The flexor strength of the shoulder joint significant interaction between the group and the measurement point (F=4.247, p<.05). Both the experiment (p<.01) and control groups (p<.05) showed a significant increase in shoulder flexor strength at the measurement points. After 6 weeks of the interventions, both the groups showed significantly improved VAS (p<.01), SPADI (p<.01), and orthopedic tests (p<.01). However, there was no significant difference between the group and the measurement point in terms of the clinical outcomes observed. Conclusion: The sling exercise with local vibration of 50 Hz affected the external rotation of the shoulder range of motion and improved shoulder flexor strength in the patients with shoulder injuries. Therefore, we propose the use of the sling exercise intervention with vibration in the exercise rehabilitation of patients with shoulder joint injuries.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.165-191
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• 2019

본고의 목적은 SF영화 <스타트랙> 시리즈에 나타난 시간여행의 모티프가 서사적 측면과 비서사적 측면에서 하고 있는 기능에 대해 고찰함으로써 SF서사에서 이 모티프가 계속 반복되는 이유를 밝히는 데 있다. <스타트랙 IV: 시간 초월의 항해>(1986)는 실제로 사용되는 항법인 슬링샷으로 태양 주위를 돌파하여 그럴듯하게 시간여행을 하는 것과 당시에는 없던 투명 알루미늄의 제작 공식을 알려줘 역사에 변화를 가져오는 예정 역설을 불러오는 것을 통해 이야기에 대한 관객의 흥미를 끌고자 한다. 또한 이 영화는 혹등고래를 중심 서사에 포함시켜 고래 보호운동이라는 당대의 현실적 문제에 부응함으로써 생태주의라는 이데올로기를 환기시키는 기능을 한다. <스타트랙 VIII: 퍼스트 콘택트>(1996)는 빛보다 빠른 속도로의 비행을 가능하게 해주는 가상의 장치로 스타트랙을 대표하는 기술인 워프 드라이브를 시간여행을 통해 그 탄생 시점에서 다룸으로써 서사에 흥미를 더하고자 한다. 그리고 영화는 핵전쟁이 가져올 수 있는 인류의 멸망을 경고하여 평화적 노력을 계속할 것을 역설하고, 외계와의 조우로 행성연방의 창설을 예고하여 현실 세계에서의 국가 간 협력의 중요성을 강조함으로써 평화주의와 이상주의의 시각을 드러낸다. <스타트랙: 더 비기닝>(2009)은 블랙홀에 의한 과거로의 시간 여행과 그로 인해 생성된 평행우주라는 시간여행 서사 요소를 통해 흥미를 높이는데, 특히 후자는 그동안 전개된 이야기를 그대로 유지하면서 자유롭게 새로운 시간선의 이야기를 창조하도록 해주는 리부트 기능을 한다. 더불어 이 영화는 스팍(과 연방함대)과 네로의 대립, 벌컨 행성과 로물루스 행성의 파괴, 인간과 벌컨족의 협력을 통해 1996년 영화에서 보여주었던 평화주의와 이상주의를 반복한다. 결국 세 편의 <스타트랙> 영화에서 시간여행은 서사적 측면에서 이야기에 대한 관객의 흥미를 최대한으로 끌어올리고 서사를 자유롭게 전개하게 해주는 기능을 함과 동시에 비서사적 측면에서 현재의 문제에 대해 논평하고 이상적인 해결 방안을 제시하는 기능을 한다고 할 수 있다. 본고의 의의는 위와 같은 시간여행의 기능으로 볼 때 SF서사에서 시간여행의 모티프가 앞으로도 계속해서 반복되면서 진화할 것이라는 예상을 가능하게 한 데 있다.