• Title/Summary/Keyword: 슬러지처리효율

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The Bio Gasification technology of organic waste using vertical multistage anaerobic digester (다단 수직형 혐기성 소화조를 이용한 유기성 폐기물 바이오가스화 기술)

  • Lee, Jong Hak;Eum, Young-Kyoung;Kim, Youngnoh
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 2012
  • Processing of organic waste is converted to anaerobic digestion for environmental friendly and sustainable energy recovery and reduction of sludge. In this study, ECOPAD (ECOdays' Plug-flow Anaerobic Digster)design for a high solids content and high organic matter content were used to investigate an applicability and efficiency of food waste treatment and poultry wastewater treatment. Case-by-case analysis of treatment efficiency of ECOPAD using food waste of city "P" and city "S". Volatile Solids basis organic removal efficiency of city "P" and city "S" was 84% and 88% respectively. And, the content of methane (P City: 70%, S City: 71%) was measured similarly. In the case of poultry waste bio-gas production was measured to $1.6Nm^3/kg$-VSrem, and methane content was measured to 69%.

Feasibility of Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge, Swine Waste, and Food Waste Leachate (하수슬러지, 돈분뇨, 음식물쓰레기 탈리액 병합소화 타당성 평가)

  • Kim, Sang-Hyoun;Ju, Hyun-Jun
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.61-70
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    • 2012
  • Feasibility of co-digestion was investigated by a series of anaerobic batch experiments using sewage sludge, swine waste, and food waste leachate as substrates. The organic solid wastes were collected from M city, where the daily productions of sewage sludge, swine waste, and food waste leachate were 178 ton/d, 150 ton/d, and 8 ton/d, respectively. Both swine waste and food waste leachate showed superior methane yields, methane productivities, and organic pollutant removal efficiencies compared to sewage sludge. Co-digestion of the total amounts of organic solid wastes would enhance methane production by 5.60 times $(530\;m^{3}\;CH_{4}/d\;{\rightarrow}\;2,968\;m^{3}\;CH_{4}/d)$. However, it also increase the amount of digestate by 1.88 times with 3.79 to 4.92 times higher pollutants (chemical oxygen demands total nitrogen, and total phosphorus) loading rates. Co-digestion of organic solid wastes is a valid strategy to enhance the performance of an anaerobic sludge digester and the energy independence of a wastewater treatment plant. Anyhow,the increment of digestate with higher pollutant loading would need a careful counterplan in the operation of the main stream of the treatment plant.

A Study on the Separation of Food-Waste Leachate into 3 Phases (음식물쓰레기 탈리액의 삼상분리)

  • Kim, Sangguk;Jeong, Minji;Kwon, Hyolee
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.11a
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    • pp.197-197
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    • 2010
  • 음식물쓰레기의 삼성분은 수분, 휘발분, 회분이며 이들이 차지하는 비율은 계절, 지역별로 다소 상이하지만 수분 약 80%, 회분3%, 휘발분 17%이다. 음식물쓰레기 전처리과정으로 이물질제거, 탈수공정이 있으며 탈수공정에서 다량의 탈리액이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 탈리액을 데칸타를 이용하여 1차로 원심분리하여 고.액 분리한 액을 실험대상으로 하였다. 실험대상 탈리액의 물성은 BOD 78,800[mg/l], COD 41,000[mg/l], 부유물질 25,900[mg/l], 총질소 928[mg/l]이었다. 탈리액에는 기름성분(육류, 식용유등), 입자상물질등이 포함되어 있으며 이들은 난분해성 유기물질로, 이를 제거하는데 기존의 처리방법으로 많은 어려움이 있어 주요한 수질오염 발생원이 되고 있다. 예를들면 하수처리장 폭기조 수면에 유막을 형성하여 산소공급을 방해함으로 미생물번식을 방해하는 요인이 된다. 본 연구는 음식물쓰레기 탈리액의 수분, 고형분, 유분으로의 삼상분리에 관한 것이다. 유분은 에멀젼형태로 안정되게 수층에 분산되어 존재한다. 미세기포를 이용한 부상법의 경우 미세기포 표면과 유분의 화학적친화력이 낮아 기포표면에 유분이 잘 부착되지 않으며, 원심분리 방법만으로는 유분 분리효율이 낮고, 추출에 의한 분리시 추출액이 다량 소요되고 처리시간이 길며 추출액 비용이 많이 소요된다. 탈리액을 유분, 슬러지, 수분으로 분리하면 환경오염을 일으키는 주요성분을 신재생에너지 원료로 활용할 수 있다. 유분의 주성분이 동식물성 유지이므로 전처리시 산촉매를 이용 수분과 유리지방산을 제거하고 염기성촉매를 이용하여 전이에스테르화 반응을 거치면 바이오디젤인 FAME과 글리세롤으로 변환하므로 글리세롤을 분리하면 바이오디젤을 얻을 수 있다. 슬러지는 입자상 물질로 착화가 잘 되고 건조하면 발열량이 높으며 중금속등에 오염되지 않아 청정연료로 활용이 가능하다. 실험실에서의 탈리액 삼상분리방법은 다음과 같다. 탈리액 30ml당 추출액으로 노말헥산을 1ml를 가한 다음 플라스크에서 $80^{\circ}C$로 가열 후 방냉한다. 가열중 노말헥산의 손실을 방지하기 위하여 증발가스를 콘덴서에서 응축하여 플라스크로 재순환한다. 탈리액을 플라스크에서 꺼내어 원심분리기 rack에 300-400g씩 병에 각각 넣고 4,000rpm으로 30분간 운전한다. 탈리액은 상부로부터 유분층, 미세입자층, 수층, 슬러지층으로 분리된다. 각 층의 계면에서 2종의 성분이 약간 섞일 수 있다. 유분을 분리한 후 유분층 잔존물과 미세입자층, 수층 상층부의 혼합물을 취하여 50g씩 병에 넣고 3,500rpm으로 10분간 운전한 후 유분을 분리한다. 마지막으로 미세입자층만을 3,500rpm으로 10분간 원심분리한 후 유분을 따로 분리한다. 얻어진 유분은 rotary evaporator에서 $120^{\circ}C$로 가열하여 유분과 노말헥산을 분리하며 분리효율을 제고하기 위하여 감압하에서 운전한다. 분리된 유분의 고위발열량이 9,450[Kcal/kg]이었으며 원소분석 결과 탄소 74.7%, 수소 12.55%, 질소 0.08%, 유황분 0.0003%이었다. 분리된 유분의 양은 계절별로 시료별로 다르며 가을철에는 1.6-1.9%, 여름철은 1.0-1.3%이었다. 분리된 슬러지로부터 Hg, As, Cr, Cd, Pb 중금속 성분이 검출되지 않았으며 수분 2.8%, 휘발분 76.85%, 회분 7.52%, 고정탄소 12.83%이었고 원소분석결과 탄소 45.25%, 수소 7.46%, 질소 5.05%, 산소 34.39%, 유황분 0.33%이었으며 저위발열량은 4,480[Kcal/kg]이었다. 분리된 슬러지 양은 11-19% 이었다.

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Photo-Fenton Oxidation Treatment of Pilot Scale for the Decomposition of 1,4-dioxane Generated in a Polyester Manufacturing Process (폴리에스테르 중합 공정에서 발생되는 1,4-dioxane의 분해를 위한 파일럿 규모의 광펜톤산화처리)

  • So, Myung-Ho;Han, Ji-Sun;Han, Thi-Hiep;Seo, Jang-Won;Kim, Chang-Gyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 2009
  • In this research, a polyester manufacturing company (i.e. K Co.) in Gumi, South Korea was investigated regarding the release of high concentrations of 1,4-dioxane(about 600 mg/L) and whether treatment prior to release should occur to meet with the level of the regulation standard (e.g., 5 mg/L in 2011). The pilot-scale (reactor volume, 10 $m^3$) treatment system using Photo-Fenton Oxidation was able to remove approximately 90% of 1,4-dioxane under the conditions that concentrations of 2,800 ppm $H_2O_2$ and 1,400 ppm $FeSO_4$ were maintained along with 10 UV-C lamps (240 ${\mu}W/cm^2$) illuminated during aeration. However, the effluent concentration of 1,4-dioxane was still high at about 60 mg/L. Thus, further investigation is needed to see whether the bench scale (reactor volume, 8.9 L) of activated sludge could facilitate the decomposition of 1,4-dioxane. As a result, 1,4-dioxane in the effluent has been decreased as low as about 2~3 mg/L. Consequently, Photo-Fenton Oxidation coupled with activated sludge process can make it possible to efficiently decompose 1,4-dioxane to keep up with that of the regulation standard.

Evaluation of Treatment Efficiencies of Pollutants under Different Pollutant Fractions in Activated Sludge-Constructed Wetland System for Treating Piggery Wastewater (활성슬러지-인공습지 공법에 의한 돈사폐수처리시스템에서 오염물질의 분획별 정화효율 평가)

  • Kim, Seong-Heon;Seo, Dong-Cheol;Park, Jong-Hwan;Lee, Choong-Heon;Choi, Jeong-Ho;Kim, Hong-Chul;Ha, Yeong-Rae;Cho, Ju-Sik;Heo, Jong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.344-350
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    • 2012
  • BACKGROUND: To design and develop a constructed wetland for effective livestock wastewater treatment, it is necessary to understand the removal mechanisms of various types of pollutants in constructed wetlands. The objective of this study was to evaluate the treatment efficiency of pollutants under different types of fraction in constructed wetland system for treating piggery wastewater. METHODS AND RESULTS: The piggery wastewater treatment plant that consisted of activated sludge tank, aerobic and anaerobic beds was constructed. The concentration of COD(Chemical oxygen demand) in effluent by fraction was 71.5 mg/L for soluble COD, 142 mg/L insoluble COD. The concentration of SS(Suspended solid) in effluent by existing form was 102 mg/L for volatile SS, 15.5 mg/L for fixed SS. The concentration of T-N(Total nitrogen) and T-P(Total phosphorus) in effluent by existing form were 12.8 mg/L and 3.05 mg/L for dissolved form, 35.0 mg/L and 1.93 mg/L for suspended form. The removal efficiencies of COD, SS, T-N and T-P in hot season(summer and autumn) were higher than those in cold season(spring and winter). The removal efficiencies of COD, SS, T-N and T-P in effluent were 98.0, 99.0, 98.2 and 99.2% for all seasons, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The results indicated that removal types of pollutants were insoluble COD(ICOD), volatile SS(VSS), dissolved T-N(DTN) and dissolved T-P(DTP) in constructed wetlands for treating piggery wastewater.

A Study on Organic Sludge Application and Duration Estimate for Treating Natural Purification of Acidic Mine Drainage (폐탄광폐수의 자연정화처리를 위한 유기성슬러지 적용 및 지속시간예측에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Eun-Ho;Kim, Hyeong-Seok;Sung, Nak-Chang
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.475-484
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was to develop model for estimating biodegrability of organic sludge (sewage and papermill) in various environmental conditions. to assume degradable degree with operating time of SRB reactor. and evaluate duratior of organic sludge as carbon source. Average TCOD was 28.7~63.2mg/L in effluent. organic sludge did not much supply carbon source for experimental period. But in point of durability. it seemed that organic sludge was efficient because it was not consumed by degradation of much organic matter within short period. With increasing $SO_4{^{2-}}$ reduction rate. Pb and Fe was removed 77~82% and 33~59%. respectively. Because Al was precipitated as a hydroxide. its removal rate wa,. about $54{\pm}2%$ in R-l~R-3 maintaining low pH but about 78% in R-4 maintaining high pH. Because Mn was large in solubility. it showed to be much lower than other heavy metals. Considering supportable capacity or durability of orgainc matter for initial SRB mixing ratio of sewage/papermill 0.5 was regarded as appropriate substituting material and at this time. it estimated that carbon source continued about 3.08 year but safety factor must apply to be thought over. because various factors had an effect on degradation of organic sludge.

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The Effect of Solubilization Pretreatment Process on Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Activated Sludge (전처리 가용화 공정이 잉여슬러지 혐기성 소화효율에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoo, Ho-Sik;Ahn, Seyoung
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2016
  • COD properties of waste activated sludge (WAS) were investigated for various solubilization rate of mechanical pretreatment method in anaerobic digestion process. Inert COD was 37.0% of total COD in untreated WAS. Particulate biodegradable COD was converted to soluble biodegradables and particulate unbiodegradables as solubilization was processed. Particulate unbiodegradable portion of COD in WAS can be increased as particulate biodegradable portion is decreased in case of relatively long SRT of biological treatment. Thus, COD properties of WAS should be investigated in case of relatively low particulate biodegradable COD, because of possible low effect of solubilization. COD removal rate in anaerobic digester was enhanced as much as 2.1% and 15.1% for solubilization rate 5% and 35% due to pretreatment, respectively. COD removal rate was increased from 25% to 40%, and methane gas generation was increased from $607m^3/d$ to $907m^3/d$ as particulate COD of WAS was solubilized to 35% in pretreatment facilities.

환경관련 특허동향 - 약품 혼합조와 침전조 일체형 초고속침전 수처리 장치 및 이를 이용한 수처리 방법(녹스 코리아(주))

  • 한국환경기술인연합회
    • Environmental engineer
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    • s.325
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    • pp.86-93
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    • 2013
  • 본 발명은 약품 혼합조와 침전조 일체형 초고속침전 수처리 장치 및 이를 이용한 수처리 방법에 관한 것으로서, 일반적인 수처리 공정에서 필요한 각각의 다수의 단위 공정들을 단일 처리조 내에서 수행하게 함으로써 약품혼합, 응집반응, 침전, 슬러지 인출 및 처리수의 배수가 시간 간격을 두어 이루어지도록 하여 전체적인 유체의 체류시간이 줄여 최대 30분 이내의 초고속 수처리가 가능하도록 하는 효과를 갖는다. 또한, 약품 혼합조, 반응조 및 침전조를 별도로 구성하지 않고 단일 처리조로 시설을 컴팩트화하여 시설비 및 소요 부지를 줄일 수 있도록 함과 아울러 처리수의 수질을 SS(Suspended Solids) 기준으로 1ppm 이하로 만족시킴으로써 후단의 여과공정이 불필요하여 시설비를 절감할 수 있는 효과를 갖는다. 또한, pH 감지부에 별도의 pH 지시계 세척부를 설치하여 안정적으로 pH 감지가 이루어지도록 하여 약품 주입을 경제적이고 효율적으로 이루어질 수 있도록 하여 수처리에 따른 유지 및 관리 비용을 절감시킬 수 있도록 하는 효과를 갖는다.

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Optimum Pre-treatment Method in Constructed Wetlands by Natural Purification Method for Treating Livestock Wastewater (자연정화공법에 의한 인공습지에서 효과적인 축산폐수처리를 위한 최적 전처리방법 구명)

  • Park, Jong-Hwan;Seo, Dong-Cheol;Kim, Ah-Reum;Kim, Sung-Hun;Lee, Seong-Tea;Jeong, Tae-Uk;Choi, Jeong-Ho;Lee, Sang-Won;Cho, Ju-Sik;Kim, Hyun-Ook;Heo, Jong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.425-433
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    • 2011
  • In order to obtain optimum pre-treatment methods and improve T-N and T-P removal efficiencies, removal rates of pollutants in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus with water plant filtration bed or activated sludge tank were investigated. Based on the results from the optimum pre-treatment in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus, removal efficiencies of pollutants in livestock wastewater treatment plant with water plant filtration and activated sludge beds. The removal rates of COD, SS, T-N, and T-P in effluent were 83, 89, 63 and 87% in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus with water plant filtration bed, respectively. The removal rates of COD, SS, T-N, and T-P in effluent were 96, 95, 86 and 92% in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus with activated sludge tank, respectively. For increasing the COD, SS, T-N, and T-P removals in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus, the water plant filtration and activated sludge beds are recommended. In livestock wastewater treatment plant with water plant filtration ($1^{st}$ treatment) and activated sludge ($2^{nd}$ treatment) beds, the concentrations of COD, SS, T-N, and T-P in effluent were 39, 15, 42 and $1mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. It was shown that the concentrations of COD, SS, T-N, and T-P met acceptable effluent quality standard for livestock wastewater. Based on the above results, the removal rates of COD, SS, T-N, and T-P in effluent were over 99.8, 99.9, 99.2, and 99.9% in livestock wastewater treatment plant, respectively.

A Study on Foodwaste Pretreatment for Anaerobic Digestion (혐기성 소화를 위한 음식물쓰레기 전처리 방안에 관한 기초연구)

  • Kim, Jong-Oh;Cho, Kyong-Hwan;Lee, Chang-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective pretreatment of foodwaste for the anaerobic digestion. Considering the foodwaste generation and the anaerobic digester for municipal wastewater sludges, the some pretreatment processes were performed such as the grinding of foodwastes with the addition of water, the mixing with sludges, and the hydrolysis with the addition of NaOH. The results were as followings ; 1. As the stage of feasibility test in laboratory scale, the foodwaste grinding using a household garbage disposer was performed with three different water mixing ratios of 1:1, 1:5 and 1:9 as weight base. The physicochemical characteristics of grinded foodwaste were analyzed and the effective conditions was recommended as the 1 :5mixing ratio of foodwaste and water and the below 8mm particle size. 2. And the mixing of foodwaste and municipal wastewater sludge was studied with three different mixing ratios of 1:9, 3:7 and 5:5 as weight base. The physicochemical characteristics of the mixed foodwaste and sludges were analyzed and the effective mixing ratio was recommended as 3:7 of foodwaste and sludge.

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