• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.137-145
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• 2011

In this paper, we modeled digital M/W transmission channel by frequency non-selective fading channel and analyzed the power spectrum magnitude of digital M/W transmission systems adopting OFDM modulation scheme through simulation. From the simulation results, it was found that deep does not appear in the specified fixed bandwidth under the AWGN environment. Also, lower power spectrum magnitude was shown in frequency non-selective fading channel than that in AWGN channel. Futhermore, the power spectrum magnitude value became more lowered when carrier frequency and vehicle speed became higher.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a dynamic spectrum hole grouping method that changes the grouping range of spectrum hole according to the resources amount required by secondary users in wideband spectrum cognitive wireless networks, and then the proposed method is applied to channel allocation for the secondary user service. The proposed method can improve waste of resources in the existing static spectrum hole grouping in virtue of grouping dynamically as much the predicted spectrum holes resources as secondary users require. Simulation results show that channel allocation method with the proposed dynamic grouping outperforms that with the static grouping method in resources utilization under acceptable secondary user service performance.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

This paper proposes an efficient method for selecting ground motions with the mean response spectrum matching a target spectrum. Since former studies reported that the shape and amplitude of the response spectra can be treated independently for selecting ground motions, this study first selects ground motions such that the shape of their mean response spectrum matches that of the target spectrum, then scales the ground motions. To select the ground motions best matching the shape of the target response spectrum, the standard deviation of the difference between the target response spectrum and the mean response spectrum of the selected ground motions needs to be minimized. Unlike the existing procedure, the scaling factor can be computed without iteration. Based on the selection results of 7 ground motions from a library of 40 ground motions, the proposed method is verified as an accurate and efficient method.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.440-445
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• 2016

There is a scheme where secondary users (SU) use predicted spectrum holes for primary users (PU) not to utilize for efficient utilization of the limited spectrum resources in cognitive radio networks. In this paper, we propose an adaptive call admission control framework that minimizes spectrum hopping call dropped probability (SHDP) for satisfying SU quality of service (QoS). The scheme is based on a call admission control (CAC), bandwidth prediction and adaptive bandwidth assignment. The prediction model predicts not only the number of spectrum holes, but requested bandwidth of SU spectrum hopping call, and then the CAC minimizes SHDP via an adaptive bandwidth assignment in resources not being enough for reservation. We bring Wiener prediction model to predict the resources. Simulations are conducted to compare the performance of proposed scheme with an existing, and show its ability of minimizing the SHDP.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.107-110
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• 2000

음성 신호는 시간에 따라 변하지만 일정 구간에서는 특성이 변하지 않는다고 가정하여 윈도우를 취해 단구간 분석을 한다. 이 때 윈도우의 적용은 필수적이다. 하지만 단구간 분석을 위해서 사용되는 윈도우에 의해 생기는 누설에너지 때문에 음성신호의 스펙트럼 정보가 왜곡되어 버린다. 본 논문에서는 스펙트럼 분석 시 발생되는 누설에너지를 최소화하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 음성신호에 고정된 크기의 rectangular Window를 취한 후 처음 샘플과 차이가 가장 작은 샘플을 프레임 크기의 3/4인 지점에서부터 검색하여 최소인 부분까지 시간 축 스케일링을 한 후 기존의 윈도우 크기와 같은 크기로 만든다. interpolation과 decimation을 조합하여 시간 축 스케일링을 한다. 이렇게 윈도우가 적용된 신호를 처리 후 위의 역 과정을 수행한다. 제안한 윈도우의 SNRseg는 rectangular window보다 평균 7.88dB 낮고, kaiser window보다 평균 1.65dB 높았다. 또한 제안한 윈도우의 SD는 rectangular window 보다 평균 $1.73dB^\2$ 낮았다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.407-411
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• 2007

Mie theory has been used to calculate the extinction of a gold nanoparticle in water by varying its diameter from 1 to 1000 nm. Utilizing this size-dependent theoretical spectrum, we have calculated the extinction spectrum of a colloidal gold by taking into account the size distribution of particle. Such calculation is in better agreement with experiment than the calculation without considering the size distribution. A least-squares fitting is used to deduce the size distribution from an experimental extinction spectrum. For particles with their diameters ranging from 10 to 28 nanometers, the fitting gives reasonable agreement with the size distribution obtained from tunneling electron microscope images.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.1
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• pp.116-127
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• 1996

In this paper, a scheme of classification of scaled textured images using normalized pattern spectrum incorporating arbitrary scale changes based on mathematical morphology is proposed in more general environments considering camera's zoom-in and zoom-out function. The normalized pattern spectrum means that firstly pattern spectrum is calculated and secondly interpolation is performed to incorporate scale changes according to scale change ratio in the same textured image class. Pattern spectrum is efficiently obtained by using both opening and closing, that is, we calculate pattern spectrum by opening method for pixels which have value more than threshold and calculate pattern spectrum by closing method for pixels which have value less than threshold. Also we compare classification accuracy between gray scale method and binary method. The proposed approach has the advantage of efficient information extraction, high accuracy, less computation, and parallel implementation. An important advantage of the proposed method is that it is possible to obtain high classification accuracy with only (1:1) scale images for training phase.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2022

Speech enhancement is performed to improve intelligibility and quality of the noise-corrupted speech. In this paper, speech enhancement performance was compared using different loss functions in time and frequency domains. This study proposes a combination of loss functions to utilize advantage of each domain by considering both the details of spectrum and the speech waveform. In our study, Scale Invariant-Source to Noise Ratio (SI-SNR) is used for the time domain loss function, and Mean Squared Error (MSE) is used for the frequency domain, which is calculated over the complex-valued spectrum and magnitude spectrum. The phase loss is obtained using the sin function. Speech enhancement result is evaluated using Source-to-Distortion Ratio (SDR), Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ), and Short-Time Objective Intelligibility (STOI). In order to confirm the result of speech enhancement, resulting spectrograms are also compared. The experimental results over the TIMIT database show the highest performance when using combination of SI-SNR and magnitude loss functions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.181-181
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• 2013

최근에 형광체 결정 입자의 크기와 적당한 활성제 이온의 종류를 선택하여 우수한 발광 특성을 갖는 세라믹 형광체를 합성하고자 많은 노력을 경주하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비교적 간단한 장비로 구성되며, 볼밀을 통하여 초기 물질들을 혼합하고 분쇄하여 최적의 형광 특성을 갖는 형광체 분말을 비교적 용이하게 합성하기에 적합한 고상반응법을 사용하여 적색, 황색, 녹색 형광체 La2WO6:RE3+ (RE=Eu, Dy, Tb)를 제조하고자 한다. 사용한 초기 물질은 (99.99% 순도), (99.99%), (99.9%), (99.9%) (99.9%)을 화학 정량으로 준비하였고, 활성제 이온의 함량비를 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 mol로 각각 변화시켜 형광체를 제조하여 그것의 발광과 흡광, 결정 입자의 크기와 형상을 조사하였다. 이온이 도핑된 형광체의 경우에, 발광 스펙트럼은 이온의 함량비에 관계없이 모든 시료에서 전형적인 이온의 (j=1-4) 전이에 의한 발광 스펙트럼을 나타내었고, 가장 강한 적색 발광 파장은 611 nm에서 관측되었으며, 이온의 함량비가 0.15 mol에서 발광 피크가 장파장 쪽으로 10 nm 이동하였으며, 세 종류의 발광 스펙트럼의 세기는 최대를 나타내었다. 이온의 함량비가 더욱 증가함에 따라 모든 발광 스펙트럼의 세기는 순차적으로 감소하였다. 이 현상은 농도 소광 현상으로 해석 할 수 있다. 이온이 도핑된 형광체의 경우에, 이온의 함량비에 관계없이 모든 시료에서 이온의 전형적인 전이에 의한 발광 스펙트럼이 관측되었으며, j=13/2에서 가장 강한 황색 발광이 피크 581 nm에서 관측 되었다. 상대적으로 발광 세기가 약한 484 nm에 정점을 갖는 청색 발광스펙트럼은 전이 신호이다. 이온의 함량비가 0.10 mol 일 때 세 영역의 발광 스펙트럼의 세기는 최대를 나타내었다. 이온의 함량비가 증가함에 따라 모든 발광 스펙트럼의 세기는 순차적으로 감소하였다. 주 흡광 스펙트럼은 이온의 함량비에 관계없이 모든 시료에서 파장 250 nm에서 관측되었다. 이온이 도핑된 형광체의 경우에, 이온의 함량비에 관계없이 모든 형광체 분말은 발광 세기가 제일 강한 550 nm의 피크를 갖는 녹색 발광과 상대적으로 발광 세기가 약한 495와 590 nm에 피크를 갖는 청색과 주황색 발광 스펙트럼들이 각각 관측되었다. 이 발광 신호들은 Tb3+ 이온의 5D47Fj (j=4, 5, 6) 전이에 의해 발광된 신호임을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.6C
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• pp.512-522
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• 2005

In this paper, an optimal determination method of the subband-frame size and mode-switching level is proposed for adaptive OFDM-TDD systems in frequency-selective time-varying channels. The optimization problem considering frequency selectivity. user's mobility, and the signaling overhead caused by the mode change information is formulated in the maximum spectral efficiency sense satisfying the target BER. Assuming that subband-frame size is given, the mode-switching level is first optimized so that the spectral efficiency can be maximized satisfying the target BER. The subband-frame size among candidates is then determined, which maximizes the spectral efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms conventional schemes, in terms of the spectral efficiency and the BER.