• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

In this study, we investigate the announcement effects of M&As with a start-up as a target firm on shareholder wealth of an acquiring firm. We use M&A events in KOSPI or KOSDAQ market between 2002 and 2014 after the financial crisis. Among the total 1436 mergers and acquisitions that took place domestically during this period, 1383 cases were selected as cases to be studied, excluding 53 cases where acquiring firms were unlisted firms. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, as a result of a comparison between the acquiring firms' CARs of the whole sample group(n=1383) occurred during the (-2, +1), (-5, +2), (-10, +5) periods of M&A announcement date(t=0) and the sub-sample group(n=468) where the target firms are start-ups which were established within five years, the acquiring firms of the whole sample group do not show significat CARs, while the acquiring firms of the sub-sample group show the significantly positive CARs. This suggests that M&A with start-ups have a positive effect on firm value of acquiring firms. Second, when merging unlisted start-ups, the acquiring firms show positive CARs, showing that there exists a listing effect in the merger of start-up. Third, merging the start-ups belonging to the high-tech industry shows the higher CARs than the case of merging the start-ups belonging to the non-high-tech industry. This study has great significance as the first in Korea to investigate the effect of M&A announcement with a start-up.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.11-27
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• 2019

The second venture "boom" diffusion strategy can be confirmed to be focused only on financing investment and finance, including achieving 5 trillion won annually in new venture investments, creating 20 unicorns, activating M&As and creating dynamic recovery markets. Of course, existing studies show that the fund is a very important policy for corporate growth, but various policy support will be needed to effectively scale up. To overcome these limitations, the scale-up support policies already in operation are analyzed by introducing scale-up policies in advanced countries such as the U.S. and Britain. It also aims to analyze domestic scale-up policies to draw up implications for establishing more effective scale-up policies. Academically, we are very lacking in research on scale-up at home and abroad, and we propose suggestions through this comparative study of policy cases to contribute to the promotion of various studies related to the scalability aspects of future research topics related to scale-up.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.149-153
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 마케팅 관점에서 제품속성과 브랜드 정통성에 대한 통합적 연구모형을 이론적으로 제시하고, 이를 실증적으로 살펴보는 것이다. 이와 같은 연구목적을 위하여 제품속성과 브랜드 정통성을 정의하고, 브랜드 정통성의 구성 요인을 학문적 관점에서 이론적으로 제시하였다. 구체적으로 제품속성은 내재적 속성으로는 품질과 디자인, 외재적 속성으로는 브랜드와 가격으로 구분하고, 브랜드 정통성은 기존 연구들을 분석하여 총 13개의 하위 차원으로 정리하였다. 제품속성이 브랜드의 정통성과 브랜드 이미지에 미치는 영향관계를 실증적으로 분석하고자, 총 400개 표본을 대상으로 분석을 실시하였다. 조사대상 제품은 S전자의 최신 휴대폰인 S20으로 하였다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 논의되지 않았던 연구모형을 기반으로 하였으며, 마케팅관점에서 소비자가 제품 속성을 통하여 지각하는 브랜드 정통성과 브랜드 이미지의 관계를 실증적으로 살펴봄으로써 다양한 이론적, 실무적 기반을 제공할 것이다. 특히, 브랜드의 정통성을 구축하기 위해서는 오랜 기간 동안 많은 투자가 수반되므로 중소/벤처기업은 대기업에 비해 상대적으로 불리하다. 이런 이유로 중소/벤처기업은 우선적으로 제품의 품질향상에 많은 노력을 기울이는 경향이 있지만 만일 제품 속성이 브랜드 정통성에 의미 있는 영향을 미치지 못한다면 중소/벤처기업은 관련된 전략을 수정하여야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 중소/벤처기업의 시각에서 제품의 속성을 활용하여 브랜드 정통성을 구축하기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 특히 스타트업의 마케팅전략 수립에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.795-796
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• 2021

본 논문은 국내 스타트업의 상품-서비스에 적합한 해외 바이어를 찾아 맟춤형으로 추천해주는 시스템을 설계하고자 한다. 추천 알고리즘은 CNN 기반의 Word2Vec과 Doc2Vec 알고리즘을 활용하며, 정확도를 높이기 위해 시각정보를 활용한다. 추천 시스템에 사용되는 데이터는 비정형 데이타인 회사 소개 및 상품/서비스 소개 문장 데이터이며, 제품 사진을 시각정보로 이용한다. 유사도가 높은 순으로 추천하기 위해 문장데이타를 키워드 리스트로 변환하고, Word2vec 모델에 이식시켜 키워드 좌표를 만들어 벡터화한다. 그리고, 문장의 중심점간 거리를 계산해 기업간 유사성 및 연관성을 도출한다. 이를 바탕으로 국내 스타트업의 문장데이타 및 시각정보와 유사도가 높은 순으로 해외바이어를 추천한다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 2020

This paper is on the policy proposal for venture ecosystem. First, one of the three secrets of the US venture ecosystem is the law of 50:50. Angel capital investment is as important as venture capital investment. Although professional angel investors and accelerators account for as much as VC in the venture ecosystem, they are ignored from policy considerations. We argue that the revision of related law is urgent. Second, large US firms invest more in M&As than in internal R&D. Therefore, accelerators and professional angel investors could make effective investment recovery after investing in a startup company. In other words, angel capital does not come in without secondary market development. Angel capital and secondary markets are the two pillars of the venture ecosystem. The government alone is difficult to develop a secondary market. This is why the private sector should come in and introduce corporate venture capital (CVC). Third, we believe the policy direction for national economic growth should be extended from the startup to scale-up. This is because the startup's sales and job creation will start in five years. While the previous study focused on funding (venture financing), this paper aims to balance all three stages of a venture: startup, growth, and recovery, which are the life cycle of a venture company or venture investment. In particular, we propose specific policies in each chapter to improve practical application.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.63-79
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• 2024

The startup ecosystem is experiencing a paradigm shift in founding due to the acceleration of digital transformation, online platform companies have grown significantly into unicorns, but the lack of differentiated approaches and strategic support for deep tech startups has led to the inactivity of the startup ecosystem. is lacking. Therefore, in this study, we proposed ways to develop domestic startup development policies, focusing on the US system, which is an advanced example overseas. Focusing on the definition and characteristics of deep tech startups, current investment status, success stories, support policies, etc., we comprehensively analyzed domestic and international literature and derived suggestions. In particular, he proposed specific ways to improve support policies for domestic deep tech startups and presented milestones for their development. Currently, the United States is significantly strengthening the role of the government in supporting deep tech startups. The US government provides direct financial support to deep tech startups, including detergent support and infrastructure support. It has also established policies to foster deep tech startups, established related institutions, and systematized support. It is worth noting that US universities play a core role in nurturing deep tech startups. Leading universities in the United States operate deep tech startup discovery and development programs, providing research and development infrastructure and technology. It also works with companies to provide co-investment and commercialization support for deep tech startups. As a result, the growth of domestic deep tech startups requires the cooperation of diverse entities such as the government, universities, companies, and private investors. The government should strengthen policy support, and universities and businesses should work together to support R&D and commercialization capabilities. Furthermore, private investors must stimulate investment in deep tech startups. Through such efforts, deep tech startups are expected to grow and Korea's innovation ecosystem will be revitalized.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.191-198
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explain the bootstrapping method to understand the process of overcoming the difficulties experienced by the limited resources of the initial start-up, through the example of Black Ruby Studio. Most nascent start-ups have constrained resources. This problem is a subject that is constantly being repeated in entrepreneurship research. Despite these problems, there are relatively few studies detailing the process of overcoming the initial difficulties of start-up. Bootstrapping is described as a way to reduce external inflows, reduce risk, and resolve funding issues internally. Many start-ups initially rely on bootstrapping as a way to solving scarce funds and limited resources. Therefore, this study reviewed the prior literatures in bootstrapping, and used 32 detailed item bootstrapping methods suggested in Winborg & Landstrom(2001) on bootstrapping in order to understand bootstrapping concept of start-up. This study gives insightful implication to prospective founders by using the bootstrapping method for survival of start-up and the process of overcoming the difficulties in the start-up.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.55-67
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• 2024

This study aims to identify signals that can predict the quality of startups aiming to be listed on Korea's KOSDAQ market. The startups are divided into two groups: those backed by venture capital, where a third party has addressed information asymmetry, and those not backed by venture capital. The study seeks to identify signals to help select good companies for each group. The study primarily focuses on underpricing, which strongly correlates with company quality. It aims to investigate the causal relationship between underpricing and independent variables such as underwriter reputation, institutional investor competition rate, locked-up share ratio, and extended lockup period. The empirical analysis shows that IPOs with high institutional investor subscription competition, IPOs of start-ups without VC backing matched with reputable lead managers, and IPOs with high lockup shares of start-ups with VC backing are significantly underpriced. This study provides a theoretical and logical basis for strategically choosing the level of underpricing, considering the circumstances of the firm going public, mainly whether it is VC-backed or not, and considering the effectiveness of other signals mentioned above. It also opens the door for further research by researchers in other regions to study institutional investors' subscription ratio as the pre-listing signal that can help address information asymmetry. From a policymaker's perspective, the disclosure of the above information can be considered to reduce information asymmetry for investors.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2018

A main purpose of this research is to identify success factors of start-up based on the AER case study. As a result of case analysis, In the early stage, the success factors of start-up are the entrepreneur's history, experience, expertise, prompt judgment, problem-solving ability, the capacity and teamwork of its members, business networks and supporting government start-ups. In the commercialization stage, securing commercialization and investment funds, timing, differentiation strategy, overseas advancement, and acceptance of customer feedback are important. In the growth stage (maturity stage), new product launches and diversification, and establishment of organizational culture are important. Based on the results of this analysis, this study sought success factors and implications for each stage and sought research directions in the future.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.27-42
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• 2020

Startup accelerators have emerged as new investment entities that help early startups, which are not easy to survive continuously due to lack of funds, commercialization capabilities, and experiences. As their positive performance on early startups and the ecosystem has been proven, the number of early startups which want to receive their investment is also increasing. However, they are vaguely preparing to attract accelerators' investment because they do not have any information on what factors the accelerators consider important. In addition, researches on startup accelerators are also at an early level, so there are no remarkable prior studies on factors that decide on investment. Therefore, this study aims to help startups prepare for investment attraction by looking at what factors are important for accelerators to invest, and to provide meaningful implications to academia. In the preceding study, we derived five upper level categories, 26 lower level accelerators' investment determinants through the qualitative meta-synthesis method, secondary data analysis, observation on US accelerators and in-depth interviews. In this study, we want to derive important implications by deriving priorities of the accelerators' investment determinants. Therefore, we used AHP that are evaluated as the suitable methodology for deriving importance and priority. The analysis results show that accelerators value market-related factors most. This means that startups that are subject to investment by accelerators are early-stage startups, and many companies have not fully developed their products or services. Therefore, market-related factors that can be evaluated objectively seem to be more important than products (or services) that are still ambiguous. Next, it was found that the factors related to the internal workforce of startups are more important. Since accelerators want to develop their businesses together with start-ups and team members through mentoring, ease of collaboration with them is very important, which seems to be important. The overall priority analysis results of the 26 investment determinants show that 'customer needs' and 'founders and team members' understanding of customers and markets' (0.62) are important and high priority factors. The results also show that startup accelerators consider the customer-centered perspective very important. And among the factors related to startups, the most prominent factor was the founder's openness and execution ability. Therefore, it can be confirmed that accelerators consider the ease of collaboration with these startups very important.