• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.183-198
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• 2000

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate alterations of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR), and correlation between these alternations and cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) and normal brain MRI findings. Materials and Methods: Thirty TBI patients and 19 healthy volunteers underwent rest/acetazolamide brain SPECT using Tc-99m HMPAO. Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale test was also performed in the patient group. Statistical analysis was performed with statistical parametric mapping software (SPM'97) Results: CBF was diminished in the left hemisphere including Wernicke's area in all patients with lower verbal scale scores. In addition, a reduction in CBF in the right frontal, temporal and parietal cortices was related with depressed scores in information, digital span, arithmetic and similarities. In patients with lower performance scale scores, CBF was mainly diminished in the right hemisphere including superior temporal and supramarginal gyri, premotor, primary somatomotor and a part of prefrontal cortices, left frontal lobe and supramarginal gyrus. CVR was diminished in sixty-four Brodmann's areas compared to control. A reduction in CVR was demonstrated bilaterally in the frontal and temporal lobes in patients with lower scores in both verbal and performance tests, and in addition, both inferior parietal and occipital lobes in information subset. Conclusion: Alterations of CBF and CVR were demonstrated in the symptomatic TBI patients with normal MRI finding. These alterations were correlated with the change of intelligence, of which the complex functions are subserved by multiple interconnected cortical structures.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine task-oriented training affects on instrumental activity of daily living for elderly with dementia. Methods : The participant is a 75 years old female with dementia. The intervention was performed for 45 minute on 3 times per week over 1 month. Independent variable was task-oriented training and dependent variable were memory(DST), executive function(TMT-A, CDT), changing of IADL(AMPS). Results : The results showed that the participant significantly improved in executive function, performance of IADL. However, the participant did not show significant improvement in memory. Conclusion : In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that task-oriented training is positive effect on performance of IADL in dementia.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.95-102
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• 2019

This study was to investigate the effect of eye movement and intentional finger movement on cognitive ability. Normal adult subjects were randomly divided into two groups: saccadic eye movement(SEM) and intentional finger movement(IFM). After 2 weeks of intervention, Digit span was used for short-term memory test and N-back was used for working memory test. As a result, the short-term memory of the IFM group increased significantly over time, and the follow-up test showed difference between group. The IFM group's the execution time, the error count and the accuracy rate of n-back item showed significant effects over time. The SEM group's the execution time and the accuracy of n-back item showed significant effects over time. In conclusion, the IFM method, which is a multiple stimulus that can activate the cerebral cortex more extensively than the single stimulus SEM, may be more useful as an intervention method of cognitive function improvement.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.183-196
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• 1997

An experimental study was performed to investigate. The subjects drank (0.5g/kg ethanol and performed 7 items of SPES(simple reaction time, color word stress, digit classification, finger tapping speed, numerical ability, symbol digit coding, memory digit span). 20 students of medical college participated in the study during August, 1996. After ethanol intake, performance of 4 items(simple reaction time, digit classification, finger tapping speed, symbol digit coding) significantly showed to be decreased. The function of perception-response speed and steady movement were found to be more sensitive to ethanol than that of short-term memory, numerical ability and specification of color. No significant association were found between smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI(body mass index) and the effects of ethanol on neurobehavioral performance.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2016

This study examined the correlation between the rhythm reproduction performance and cognitive function of school-aged children. A total of 59 third grade elementary students participated in this study. An iPad-based rhythm reproduction task, the Digit Span Test (DST), the Children's Color Trails Test (CCTT), and a self-paced tapping task via a MIDI keyboard were conducted for each participant. The results demonstrated that scores at each stage of the iPad-based rhythm reproduction test showed different patterns of correlation with cognitive function test scores. This result suggests that accuracy of a simple rhythm task is correlated to speed of self-paced tapping (second). Also cognitive function may affect rhythm grouping ability. Results of this analysis for each of 20 rhythm items showed that there was a common rhythm characteristics that correlated with executive function, working memory or self-paced tapping speed. These results indicate that rhythm ability is related to, and predictive of, the level of cognitive functioning in elementary school students and can be used as an useful parameter when examining cognitive function of school-aged children in multifaceted dimensions.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.277-286
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation and traditional cognitive training on the working memory and executive function of patients with mild traumatic brain injury. The sample consisted of 20 patients with mild traumatic brain injury who had received rehabilitation treatment in a rehabilitation unit. The subjects were assigned to either the experimental (n = 10) or control group (n = 10). The experimental group received computer-based cognitive rehabilitation and traditional cognitive training for 60 minutes, whereas the control group received only traditional cognitive training for 60 minutes. Both the groups received their respective interventions for 60 minutes a day and 5 times per week across a period of 4 weeks. Working memory and executive function were assessed using the digit span test (forward and backward), visual memory 1 and 2 of the Motor-free Visual Perception Test-3, trail making test, and Stroop test (A and B) both before and after the intervention. The experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in visual memory and performance on the Stroop test A than the control group. These findings suggest that computer-based cognitive rehabilitation and traditional cognitive training are more effective in promoting positive changes in the working memory and executive function of individuals with mild traumatic brain injury than traditional cognitive training.

• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.103-121
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• 2018

For knowing the effects of aging on conversational skills in daily communication, this paper studied for the conversational turn-taking skills, working memory and naming ability on healthy elderly adults over 65 ages. 85 elderly adults participated in this study, which divided into four groups by ages. Speech samples were collected in natural conversation. Memorization of numbers, mental calculation, repetition of words were administered for working memory test. K-BNT was used for the naming ability. One-way ANOVA analysis was used for the comparison of conversational turn-taking skills among four groups. We analyzed the correlation between conversational skills, working memory and naming ability. The results were as follows: first, there were a significant difference in conversational turn-taking skills by age, but not by gender. There was a significant difference in 'Turn-Taking Frequency' and 'Total Utterance Frequency' among four groups. The same results were shown in the scores of females within three groups(exclude groups over 85D)(p<.01). Second, there was a significant correlation between 'rates of maintenance' and 'naming ability'. In addition, it was found that the naming test predicted 'rates of maintenance' skills. The results of this study suggest that word-retrieval ability will be helpful to enhance functional communication skills in aging old adults.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.242-250
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• 2021

The subjects of this study were 514 people aged 65 and older who voluntarily participated in the senior welfare center in Seoul and Gyeonggi. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between muscular strength, cognitive function, activities of daily living, depression variables of elderly people in a comprehensive evaluation. As for the data collection methods, were measured the upper and lower body strength, grip strength(left, right), cognitive function(mini-mental state examination, trail marking test, digit span test, stroop test), activities of daily living and depression was measured using a questionnaire. The results are as follows First, there was a statistically significant correlation between the elderly's muscular strength, cognitive function, daily living ability, and depression. Second, the statistical significance was found among all the variables as a result of the analysis of the elderly's integrated muscular strength, cognitive function, activities of daily living and depression. This study can provide basic data for successful aging and independent retirement life of the elderly by confirming the relationship between the elderly's muscular strength, cognitive function, Activities of daily living, and depression.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.285-301
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health-related physical fitness factors and cognitive function and isolation on 308 elderly over 65 years old in Seoul and Gyeonggi do. The measuring instrument were as follows demographic characteristics(age, education level, drink, spouse, participation on in exercise) and health-related physical fitness(grip strength, leg strength, flexibility, balance), cognitive function (MMSE-K, digit span test) and emotional/social aspects of loneliness and isolation was measured. As a results, first, depending on the degree of demographic characteristics of elderly had significant difference. Second, health-related physical fitness and cognitive function are positive correlated, negative correlation between cognitive function and isolation. Third, health-related physical fitness of the elderly had a significant effect on cognitive function. Fourth, health-related fitness of the elderly had a significant effect on isolation. Fifth, the cognitive function of the elderly had a significant effect on isolation. In conclusion, this study will provide basic data for future aged man welfare studies and contribute to extended studies.